“情态动词have过去分词”句型的用法.doc

“情态动词+have+过去分词”句型的用法1.“must+have+过去分词”用于肯定句中，表示对过去所发生的动作或存在的状态很有把握的一种推测，也可以用来表示对到目前为止的情况的推测，意为“一定（已经），想必”。 在使用这一句型时，需要注意的是：(1) “must+have+过去分词”句型的否定形式不能用“mustnt+have+过去分词”，而要用“cant (couldnt)+have+过去分词”结构，表示“过去不可能做了什么”，语气也比较肯定，而mustnt则表示“绝对禁止”。(2) “must+have+过去分词”句型的疑问形式是用can (could)构成“Can (Could) sb.have done?”结构。例1. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he have been a very smart boy then.A. could B. should C. might D. must例2. He have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 2. “could （couldnt）+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的较有把握的肯定或否定推测。“could+have+过去分词”说明过去可以做或能够做，但实际上没有做，意为“本来可 以”。而“cant+have+过去分词”表示一种非常有把握的否定推测。例1. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would例2. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 3. “may (might) +have+过去分词”表示（过去）可能做了某事，意为“也许已经，可能已经”，突出可能性。这种结构常用于肯定句或否定句中，不能构成疑问句式，其疑问句式常用“can (could) +have+过去分词”结构。例1. Sorry, Im late, I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will例2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 4. “should (ought to) +have+过去分词”用于肯定句表示“过去本应该做但实际上没有做”，意思为“本来应该的（但实际上却没有）”，含有“责备”的意思；其否定形式要在should或ought to 后加not， 构成“shouldnt (oughtnt to) +have+过去分词”结构，表示“过去本不应该做而实际做了某事”，含有“责备、抱怨、后悔”之意。例如：例1. I was really anxious about you. You home a without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D.neednt leave例2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eaten例3. Mr. White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D.should be arriving例4. Ill tell Mary her new job tomorrow. You her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 5. “neednt+have+过去分词”表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了”，意为“本来可以不必的（可实际上却已经了）”。 例如：There was plenty of time. She . A. mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurried