模块一语法学案.doc

英语语法学案 2009-02-18 设计人：任俊敏 审核人：_ 目标: 1、掌握以下单词的音、形、意和用法：sign( v.) agreement2、掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的结构、意义和用法。3、掌握主谓一致原则及其应用。Grammar1 Passive Voice（被动语态）任务1：任务2： Read the following sentences carefully and try to find out the structure of the Passive Voice ( 被动语态的结构)1 Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.2 The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.3 Florence s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.4 Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.5 The Parthenon was built during this project.小组结论：被动语态的基本结构主语+（ ）+ by sb.一般现在时的被动语态的结构主语+（ ）+ by sb.一般过去时的被动语态的结构主语+（ ）+ by sb.注意：有时 “get/got + 过去分词”也可表示被动的意义，但着重表示动作。例如 The window was broken .= The window got broken.任务3： Finish off exercise 2 and 3 on Page 5.任务4： Read the sentences carefully and discuss in groups . 1.主动：They made the children work 12 hours every day in the past. 被动：The children were made to work 12 hours every day in the past. 2.主动：Someone saw him go into the hall. 被动：He was seen to go into the hall by someone.3.主动：We heard her sing in the classroom. 被动：She _ in the classroom. 小组结论：在主动语态中某些感官动词和使令动词后接动词原形做宾补,但是变成被动语态后，需要把原形变成_. 这些动词有：_ _ Grammar 2 Subject and verb agreement ( 主谓一致) 任务1：Read the following sentences carefully and discuss.1. My family lives in Cardiff.2. Our soccer team is fantastic.3. The whole class is here.4. His family are all fond of music.5. Our class have finished the assignment.6. The team have all forgot the meeting小组结论：family , team, class, group, government, school, union这些集合名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数取决于语义。在例句1、2、3、中它们表示集体，谓语动词用_ , 在例4、5、6中family 和class、team 表示成员，谓语动词用_ . eg.The Valencia soccer team _ in a large stadium. ( play) Carlos class _ a meeting. ( have) Amy _ in London but her family _ in Cardiff. (live) 任务2：Discuss and choose the correct answers： 1)Neither Amy nor Helen is / are English . 2)Not only he but also I love /loves the story. 3)Either you or she is /are to go . 4)Not my father but my mother cook / cooks the meal every day. 5)Today or tomorrow is / are OK. 6)There is /are a pen and three books on the desk. 小组结论：在主谓一致原则中，就近原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数由靠近它的主语决定。常用的结构有，请总结： _ _ _ _ _ _ 任务3：Discuss and choose the correct answers： 1)Neither of them is / are English. 2)No one of them has / have arrived. 3)Each country in the United Kingdom has / have a capital city. 4)Each of them has / have a capital city. 5)Somebody is /are using the phone. 小组结论：在主谓一致原则中，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词单数，这些词有：neither , either, each , one, the other ,another, someone / somebody / something, anyone / anybody / anything, everyone /everybody/everything, no one /nobody / nothing 任务4：Discuss and choose the correct answers： Both is /are teachers. Both of the two countries is / are located in Europe. All the students has /have been there. All need now is / are water. 小组结论：在主谓一致原则中，还应遵循意义一致原则 Fill in the blanks with the proper forms.1. All of them _ in the same city at the moment. ( live )2. All of them _ the same country. ( come ) 3. None of them _ Spanish. ( speak ) 4. Neither of the girls _ from England. ( come ) 任务5：Correct the mistakes and discuss.( 改错) 1Ten miles arent a long distance. 2I have to wait for him for another two days .They are too long. 3A library with five thousand books have been put up. 4Tom as well as Mary and Alice are going to swim this afternoon. 5The whole family except Tom has finished lunch. 6What to do and how are still a problem. 7. Seeing are believing .小组结论：在主谓一致原则中，1、当主语是时间、距离和路程时，虽然形式为复数，但谓语动词用单数，比如例1、22、当主语是不定式、动名词、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如上面的例6、73、若主语后面有with , together with , as well as , besides（除了）, including（包括） , like（像）, but, except 等介词/介词短语，谓语动词仍和主语保持一致。如上面例3、4、5任务6： Fill in the blanks with the proper forms.4. All of them _ in the same city at the moment. ( live )5. All of them _ the same country. ( come ) 6. None of them _ Spanish. ( speak ) 7. Neither of the girls _ from England. ( come ) 任务7 : Rewrite the sentences using neither, none or each.（见课本）练一练1. None _ (be ) willing to miss her lecture. 2. None of them _ ( have ) a camera. 3. Each of the boys _ ( have ) a room to himself. 4. Neither of the examples _ ( explain ) it well. 5. Neither the students nor their teachers _ ( be ) here. 6. Neither of the two girls _ ( be ) from England. 7. Is there any call for me today? Sorry , there _ ( be) none. 8. So many students are doing it . None _ ( think) it impossible. 9. Neither they nor he _ ( be ) to blame. 10. Two students are known from America. Each _ ( speak )American English.Bad Morning倒霉的上午 Bill almost didnt get to work this morning. As he was leaving his apartment building, he was hit on the head by a flowerpot which had been put on a window sill by one of his neighbors. As he was running to the bus stop, he was bitten by a dog. While he was waiting for the bus, he was almost run over by a truck. While he was riding on the bus, his wallet was stolen. All his money and identi