高考英语辅导完型填空篇.pptVIP

,完型填空篇,高考英语辅导,一、为什么学生普遍认为完型填空是一种比较难的题型？ 完型填空是一种综合性很强的题型。它全面考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包括识词能力，阅读能力，理解能力和进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。,完型填空要求在四个选项中确定一个 最佳答案，其他三个是干扰项。这三个 干扰项通常不一定是错误的，而是不适 合所在语篇的特定的语言环境。近年高 考题中的完型填空题越来越偏重对学生 把握整体语篇能力的考察。学生只有能 在缺词的情况下理解整个语篇，才能找 出最佳的选项。,完型填空所考查的内容多集中在名词， 动词，形容词和副词等实词上。学生选 择答案时，要结合文章中出现的具体人 物或事件，根据文章所提供的时间，地 点和语境去题体会人物的动作和情感， 只有这样才能作出正确的判断。,二、做完形填空题应从那些方面入手？ 1、首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主题,次主题,以及结论，不要急于看选项。因为把握文章的大意是关键。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物，时间，地点，事件，即who, when, where, what。完型填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空,目的是使读者进入语境; 因此一定要认真阅读这句话。例如：,Jenkins was a jeweller, who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. 从这句话我们可以知道文章的主人公是 一个jeweller, 而且文章内容应与diamond ring 有关。,2、根据故事的情节发展选词，确定所 填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。 3、试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。,三、具体操作中应注意的问题 1、充分利用常用文章的写作手法“对比法”，包括同类对比和正反对比。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：,1）Traveling _, today becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A. south B. east C. north D. west 这是两个句式相同的并列句,可以根据第二句来确定第一句的内容。yesterday与tomorrow相对，所以填的词应与west相对，因此答案是B。,2）Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应shallow相反，因此答案为A。 3) To play by this rule, many people take a(n) _ loss in place of one persons taking a large one. A. personal B. assumed C. small D. additional 根据比对, 答案为C。,4) Moreover, the Englishman eating in a cheap or medium size restaurant is usually in a hurryat least at lunchand a meal eaten in a _ manner in pleasant surroundings is always far more enjoyable than a meal taken hastily in a business-like atmosphere. A. delicate B. graceful C. polite D. leisurely 根据比对，答案是D。,2、注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配，动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。每年这样的考点至少在两个以上。,The city (Washington) was named _ George Washington, the first president of the United Stated. A. by B. for C. as D.after be named after 意思为“以-命名”，答案 为D.,Here is a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself _ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to,答案为C。,、注意同义词的辨义。 1) Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 选项中四个词都表示不同的声音，但B, C, D项中的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,it was a pleasant way of passing the time for an old woman who lived _. A. lonely B. alone C. away D. busily lonely 和 alone意义相近。lonely 是“孤独”的意思，alone指的是“独自一人的”。这里应选B, 意思是“一个人住的老太太”。,、根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项, 这个技巧主要是用于做有关连接词的选项。 1) and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. beside B. but C. and D. or 句中strange和pleasant两词的词意是矛盾的, 所以答案应选转折连词but。,2) A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry_, radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes 句子前面一部分说的是transistor radio的好处，后一部分还是说它的好处。因此答案为A，表示“除此之外，还”。,、根据生活常识以及相关的知识确定选项 “Dont be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank, _ the boy with him. A. pushing B. dragging C. holding D.catching 根据下水救人的常识， 答案为B。,The space is left to let the rail expand (膨胀) when it gets _. A. hot B. wet C. cold D. dry 根据热胀冷缩的原理，答案为A。 There, 1,350 feet above the street, a _ figure was walking on air. A. great B. strange C. pubic D. tiny 从地面看,人们在一千多英尺高的地方应该是很小的,答案为D。,阅读理解篇,新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定：“侧重 提高阅读能力”。纵观近几年的高考英语 试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高 考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位， 并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地 说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高 分的关键。,学生在阅读中表现出来的问题,学生在阅读中表现出来的问题很多很多。比如，有 的学生一旦遇到生词就停下来查词典、找释义，阅 读过程断断续续，往往读了后面忘了前面，理不清 文章的内在逻辑关系，不能从整体上理解文童；有 的学生为应付考试盲目做题，不注意拓宽知识面， 不能融会其它课程所学内容以及普通常识去预测、 判断及推理；有的学生过分注重语法分析和字面释 义，阅读速度偏慢，不去领会作者的意图和文章的 基调，弄不清弦外之音。 还有很多人天天读英语，可就是阅读水平不见提 高，老是猜来猜去地猜不明白，糊里糊涂的，许 多中学生不明确学英语的宗旨和目的，好像学习 是为了应付考试，甚至把课外阅读看成是浪费时 间，得不偿失，不愿花时间。,在具体阅读过程中，我发现学生存在如下错误的阅读方式：,许多学生都有出声阅读的习惯。出声阅读的主要 弊病就是使阅读速度和效率受说话速度的限制。 因为，正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快 两倍以上。嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛的扫视速 度。 还有同学喜欢用手指、铅笔等指着一个个词进行 阅读的习惯。这种指读的单纯机械运用不仅会减 慢阅读速度，而且还会把学生的注意力引向错误 的方向。一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位 置，也不会在每个单词上平均花费时间，而是把 注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。,有的同学读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复 阅读。阅读能力差的学生往往过分依赖于复视 以养成一种习惯。改变这种不良习惯的办法就 是让学生阅读大量难度适宜的读物，他就不会 因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回 过头来再看，以至养成复视的习惯。 这些不良习惯直接影响到学生的思路，降低阅 读速度，应及时加以纠正。,怎样提高阅读能力,常用的阅读方法有通读和细读两种。通读是为了 弄懂大意、细读是为了掌握具体内容。首先，阅 读开头的段落，这介绍性的材料将会使我们熟悉 作者将要讨论的主题思想。然后阅读下面各段的 第一句话。这些句子可以使我们对文章内容有一 个总体的概念。再阅读最后一段。这一段帮助我 们读的速度取决于我们从对该材料的预读中所获 得的信息和指导。例如，我们往往能够根据段落 的第一句话或者主题句来判断该段落的重要性。 若该段落看起来是重要的，那就要仔细地阅读； 若根据我们第一次的阅读，这个段落似乎不太重 要，那么就可以略读，但不要完全跳过它。,在阅读过程中，我们必然会遇到不认识的生 词。但在一般情况下，三两个生词是不会影响 我们对全篇阅读材料的理解。 其次，要全面地重新细读全篇。第二遍阅读问 题使我们了解这一章里包含的内容，当阅读 时，努力使所读材料与我们已知原有关该标题 的内容联系起来。当我们继续阅读时自问这些 简单的问题：为何(why)?什么(what)?谁(who)? 何时(when)?何地(where)?怎样(how)?这种方法 可帮助我们全神贯注于阅读上，因为当我们问 这些问题时，我们作为一名读者正起着积极的 作用。,如何做好阅读选择题,阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节 理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义 题，推理判断题。下面我结合平时教学中的经验 体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。,一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。,阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观 信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章 中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章 的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文 的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的 态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理。 其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信 息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信 息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分 析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项。此法加强了阅 读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵 的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。,二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。,阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高 低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能 力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速 度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就 不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几 年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考 生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳 读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉 时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章 脉络，把握语篇实质。,抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主 题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰 写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的 句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通 常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别 的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这 时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章 没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往 对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨 大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从 主题句中找到答案。,三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。,文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作 者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心， 以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结 局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三 大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据 文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、 事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画 图列表法“，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和 细节的认知图。,四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。,在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅 读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究 细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓 义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要 包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理 判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种 创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文 章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未 知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文 字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能 就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意 思，推理才有前提和基础。,五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。,猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的 题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且 要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词 汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语 法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等 线索确定词义。,英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂 过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循 序渐进，持之以恒，精泛结合，广泛猎 奇。在潜移默化中你会感觉到你的阅读 能力又有了长足的提高。,翻译篇,Tips on Translation,1.Read the Chinese sentence carefully. Think about what the word in brackets will substitute for in the sentence. Analyze the sentence first and then choose proper sentence patterns and words. 2.Find out the main structure of the sentence. Pay special attention to the gender, number, case of nouns, tense, pronouns and mood of verbs.,3. Pay attention to the difference between Chinese and English. 4. Check the sentence and correct the mistakes after completing the sentence.,1. 2004年我校举办了百年校庆庆典。 We celebrated the 100th anniversary of the founding of our school in 2004. The year 2004 saw/ witnessed the 100th anniversary of the founding of our school.,2. 请代我问候我的老同事。,Please give / send my love / compliments/respects/regards to my former colleagues. Remember me to my former colleagues. Please say hello to my former colleagues.,3. 我们的孩子们转眼之间长大成人了.,Our children have headed into adulthood before we realize it. Our children have grown up before we know it.,4.生命对于每个人来说都很重要，请珍爱生命。,Life is very important/vital to everyone, so please cherish your life. Life is of primary importance to everyone. Please treasure/value your life.,5. 深呼吸一下,你就会放松一些.,Take a deep breath and you will feel relaxed. If you breathe deeply, you will be less nervous.,6.说到升职,他不太可能升到总经理这个职务.,Speaking/Talking of promotion, he is unlikely to be promoted to the post of managing director.,When it comes to promotion, there is little/no possibility of his being raised to general manager.,When it comes to promotion, there is no possibility that he will be raised to the position of managing director.,7. 他辞职不是因为他不称职,而是因为他 的工作没出路.,He resigned his post not because he was not equal to/qualified for the job, but because the job showed no promise/it was not a job of promise.,He resigned from his post/position not because he was unfit for the job,but because it was a dead-end job/it was not promising.,8. 读书对于养性,如同食物对于养身.,Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.,(Just) as food feeds the body, so does reading feed the mind/so reading feeds the mind.,Food feeds the body while reading feeds the mind.,Idioms,虚度年华 waste ones life 一事无成 achieve/accomplish nothing 各取所需 take whatever one needs 一窍不通 lack the slightest knowledge /know nothing about,百读不厌 worth reading a hundred times 一视同仁 treat /deal withfairly 自暴自弃 abandon oneself to despair 固执己见 stick to ones opinion,自食其果 take the consequences 欣喜若狂 be wild with joy 风花雪月 wind flower snow and moon 劳逸结合 keep the balance between work and play,鼎力相助 do what one can/ones best/everything in ones power to help 勤能补拙 diligence/hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence,Proverbs,留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。,Where there is life, there is hope.,近朱者赤，近墨者黑。,A man is known by the company he keeps.,棍棒底下出孝子。,Spare the rod, spoil the child.,学无止境。,There is no limit to knowledge.,闪光的并不都是金子。,All that glitters is not gold.,今日事，今日毕。,Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.,作文篇,一 好的作文的评分标准： 1文章切题 2表达思想清楚 3文章通顺，连贯性较好 4基本上无语法错误，仅有个别拼写小错。,二 写作步骤： 读题，确定命题形式选定段落，确定段落大意修改文章,三 高考作文常用题型： 1 对比观点题型 2 阐述主题题型 3 解决方法题型 4 说明利弊题型 5 图表说明题型 6 综合类题型 7 叙述描写题型,看图作文 根据图画或图表所提供的素材来进行写作，主要考察学生的观察能力，思维能力和用英语来表达思想的能力，一般看图作文通常以叙述为主，有是采用夹叙夹议。要注意忠实于图画中能观察到的情况，也可以根据合理想象补充一些内容。如果是叙事性，既要按照事情发展的时间顺序说明私情的来龙去脉，也要注意穿插人物心理活动的描写。,步骤： 1 看懂或理解图画的涵义，弄懂图画之间的关系； 2 确定文章的主题，构思的文章的框架结构； 3 然后围绕主题突出重点把每张图画表达的主要内容表达出来； 4 对图画情景进行祥述或得出相应的结论。,看图表作文一般采用说明文体或议论文 体，主要是把比较直观的用图表形式传达 的信息用文字表达出来。 步骤： 看懂并认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中 所含的信息及其不同信息间的关系。 概述图表中的（数字等）信息分析图表中 的数据变化反映什么问题对数据的变化进 行祥述或得出应有的结论。,一.记叙文 在写事件时，应抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物等几个基本要素。也就是我们常说的五个问题。 1) What happened? 2) When did it happen? 3) Where did it happen? 4) Who was involved? 5) Why did it happen? 抓住这几个问题，一般就能把一个事件完整地表达出来。,例一：你是某某，关于教师节写一篇记叙文。 Teachers Day On September 10th, our class had a party for our teacher. The atmosphere was good. At the beginning of the party, our monitor made a short speech. He spoke highly of the teachers work and showed great thanks to our teacher. Then our teacher, Mr. Wang gave us a talk. He praised several of our classmates who set good examples to us. He emphasized that as middle school students we should place our study the first place. It was gold time for a man to study at the time of our age. In the following time we enjoyed singing and dancing, we had a good time with our teacher.,闪光点： 1.层次分明，表达流畅。 2.词汇使用正确。 不足点： 1.连接词较少，单句使用较多。,例二：你是李华，到上海探亲，2006年4月5日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故，警察让你写一份材料，报告当时所见情况。,My name is Li Hua. I came to Shanghai to visit my relatives. It was the morning of April 5, 2006 when I was walking along the street from east to west. There was the City Park on the other side of the street. It was about 7:15 am when I reached the place where was just opposite the gate of the park. At the moment, I saw a gentleman coming out of the park. It seemed that he was ready to across the road. Suddenly a motorcar appeared in front of him .The car came from the street about, which was driven extremely fast from north to south. When it turned right, it knocked down the gentleman. To my surprise, the driver in the yellow car, who was a lady, didnt stop for a while. Instead, she drove away in the western direction quickly. Fortunately the gentleman, who was not badly hurt. And me still had time to put down the number of the car. It was Ac864. About two minutes, I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.,1. which was just opposite to gate of the park 2. come out 3. cross 4. and it was driving from north to south at an extremely fast speed. 5. the woman driver 6 the gentleman was not badly hurt 7. me-I 评析： 表达欲望强烈，但基础差，不能将自己的好的构思用于实际语言表达当中。,二书信的写作,注意书写格式与汉语不同，但现在的考点不 是在格式，而是重在内容。 1.称谓： 无职衔的男子：Mr. Wang/Zhang 已婚女子：Mrs Wang/Zhao 未婚女子：Miss Wang/Zhang 博士：Dr. Zhang 教授：Pro. Lin 还有一些表示感情色彩的词。 如：Dear Dr. Smith/Dear Madam/Dear Sir,2.正文 正文要从称谓的下一行写起，可以和称谓齐头写，也可以向内缩五个字母写。正文就是要具体地写你想表达的内容，要注意表达清楚、简练，让收信人很容易得知你要表达的内容。,3.结束语： 结束语写在正文的下方，另起一行。常用的结束语有： Best wishes!/ Good Luck!/Give my best wishes to your family!/Looking forward to your reply! 4.签名： Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely/Truly yours/Yours respectfully/Respectfully yours,例文一：下面是一个叫Kurt的人写给父母的家书。,17th Dec. Dear Mother and Father, I feel very excited at the thought that in another week I shall be with you again on holiday. I have enjoyed my stay in England very much indeed. Mr. Dowson and my fellow students are all very nice to me. But, as they say in England, “Theres no place like home,” and I think one feels this above all at Christmas time. I am leaving here early on Thursday, the 23rd, and I shall arrive in Basle on Friday morning, so I shall be home somewhere about lunch time.,Can you meet me at the station, as I shall have a lot of luggage? Ive got some Christmas presents for you all. Im not going to tell you what your presents are, so it will be a surprise. I hope you will like them. How are you all at home? I hope you are all keeping well. See that Father always puts on his big coat when he goes out, so that he doesnt catch cold. I cant say how much I want to see you and my brother all again. Love and all good wishes, Kurt,例文二：写求职信的一般模式,Dear_1_, I would like to apply for a position in your company. _2 _ . I enclose my resume which describes my education and work experience. _3_ . I would appreciate it very much if you could give me a chance. I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, _4_,上述内容中所填的内容依次是： 正确的称谓 信息来源及求职原因 具体介绍自己的情况 署名,例文 Dear Sirs, I would like to apply for a position in your company. I have seen the information in the advertisement in the newspaper. And I have known about your company on the internet. I enclose my resume which describes my education and work experience. I will graduate from school this summer and I want to be a member of your company. I will be very appreciative if you can give me a chance. I look forward to your reply. Yours, Yang Yun,三说明文：,说明文就是用简单的文字说明事物的特 点、类别、构造、用途、成因等。它包括 广告、知识小品、教材、书文简介、理论 性概念或定律的解释。 写说明文应清楚以下几点： 1条理分明，遵循空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、因果关系。 2说明文要浅显、准确、简介，避免过分的夸张。,例文一：以“How to protect your eyes”为题写一篇130字左右的文章。,How to Protect Your Eyes “Eyes are windows of the soul,” people often say. Everyone understands how important the eyes are. But how to protect eyesight remains a question among us students, at least many of us. If you want to protect your eyesight, you must pay attention to the following points: First, you should not keep your eyes working for a long time. After you have studied for a ling time, about an hour or so, you had better have a rest by looking in the long distance. Secondly, you should keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it. You should also keep in mind, “Dont read in a poor light or in the sun; dont read in the moving bus or in bed.” Doing eye-exercises will help you keep good eyesight. If you fail to keep these rules, you will become short-sighted sooner or later.,点评：条理清晰，从四个方面阐述了如何 保护眼睛。 用眼时间不宜过长。 读书时，眼睛与书保持一定距离。 不能在昏暗或强烈的光线下看书，不要在车上或床上看书。 坚持每天做眼保健操。,例文二： Improving Your Study Habits Maybe you are an average student with an average intellect. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better scholar if he or she wants to. The following suggestions may be helpful to you: Plan your time carefully. Find a good place to study. Scan before you read. Make good use of time in class. Study regularly. Develop a good attitude about tests. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.,例文三： 你到杭州游览，报上介绍三家酒店，情 如下： 酒店A，四星级，位于火车站旁，房间和各 种设施条件良好。 酒店B，四星级，位于著名的西湖旁，景致 极好。 酒店C，二星级，位于离开西湖仅5分钟步 行路程的一条小马路上。 你会选择哪家，说出你的理由。,I will choose the Two-Star-Hotel near the West Lake. First, I am a student. I cant afford my own living now. So there is no need to waste money to choose a Four-Star hotel. It is a waste of money. Second, this hotel is quite near to the West Lake. It only takes me five minutes walk . So I dont need to pay for taxies or buses. It is very convenient for me to visit the West Lake anytime I want.,And with all the money I have saved, I can enjoy a more exciting visit to the West Lake. I can visit more places, play more games and also enjoy more good food. Though the hotel is not as beautiful as those two , though its services may not as good as those two hotels, I will st