重点所要背诵的短语动词2014整理版.doc

重点所要背诵的短语动词（1）根据四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计，我们建议考生2014复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下：1. 以a开头的动词为中心的词组act as 担任职务，起作用（=serve as）accuse sb. of sth (= charge sb with sth) 控告/指控某人做了某事add to 加入；加到；增加add up 加起来add up to 加起来达,合计达adaptto使适应adjustto使适应agree with 同意某人意见（接sb.或idea, view等）；(气候、食物等)适合(某人)的健康(或体质)；与一致Eg: This climate does not agree with him.agree to (ones plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议answer for sth. 对负责; 因遭受惩罚apply for 申请，请求attachto 将系在.，使隶属/附属于，将缚在attach great importance to 认为重要approve of 赞成因向某人道歉apologize to sb for sth be absorbed in 埋头于，专心于be accustomed to doing sth (=get/be used to doing sth) 习惯于be addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷于/沉溺于，迷恋be admitted to/into. 获准进入，被录取2.以break为中心的词组break away from 从脱离，打破break down 出故障，抛锚；（身体、精神）垮掉；分解break in 插话；打断（cut in /interrupt）break into 闯入；破门而入；break out （战争、火灾、瘟疫等）爆发，发生；（vi）break off （使某物）折断，突然停止break through 突破break up 破碎；解散，分解; vi. 结束 （break up with sb. 与分手 ）3.以bring /build为中心的词组bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring sth / sb back to life 使生动/活泼，使苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）bring down 使降低，减少，使倒下/落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价提价 比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入） bring on 发展，引起，导致， bring out出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出bring to use = put to use 对加以利用bring to an end 使结束bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养；呕吐；提出build up 增加，增进，树立；逐步建立 （Eg: build up our body 增强体质 ）burst into tears/laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out crying / laughing 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.He was brought up by his grandparents.4以call为中心的词组：call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）call for 要求，需要；去接某人(pick sb up )call / shout for help 呼救call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话call off 取消（cancel ）call on / upon 号召;(call on/upon sb to do sth.) ; 拜访（某人） call up 给打电话，使人想起，号召例如：We called at Mikes house yesterday.Ill call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Lets call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.5. 以come为中心的词组： come about（vi）发生，产生 come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见come into being（vi） 形成，产生 come into use（vi）开始使用 come on 加油，来吧，赶快，得了吧come out 露出，出来，出现，被出版，发（芽），（花）开come over to从一个地方来到另一个地方come to 来到，提及，达到，共计，苏醒come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台 come true（vi） 变为现实，成为事实 (Eg: make ones dream come true )come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上例如：A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?The button came off, but he didnt notice it. (脱落)The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Some day youll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they dont come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.Ive forgotten her name, but maybe itll come to me later.The bill came to 480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last. A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.（6）cut短语： cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减 cut in 插嘴 (break in) cut in line 插队（jump queues） cut off 切断；中断（供应） cut into pieces / halves 把切成碎片/切成两半cut out 删除，剪下来；删去；停止；关掉cut the cost of 降低的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉例如：A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语： do a good deed 做一件好事 do an experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除 do ones best 尽某人最大努力 do ones homework 做作业 do research on 从事研究工作 do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事do telephone interviews 进行电话采访do the laundry 洗衣服do up ones shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头do well / better in 在方面干得好/更好 do with 处理，处置，对付（与what搭配使用）例如：Ill have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found?The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Im going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get around = get about 四处走动，（消息等）传开get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离get back 回来，取回，找回，退还 get close to 接近 get down 下来，降下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收割 get in a word 插话 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） get on 上车，过活 get on / along with 进展，与相处 get over 克服，恢复，原谅get up 起床，起身 get across 使被理解，通过get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）get ready for 为做准备（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做get together 相聚，碰头，联欢 get / be used to sth 习惯于，适应于（比较：be used for sth 被用于，用来做be used to do sth 被用于做used to do sth 过去常常做 get / be dressed 穿衣服get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚get / be lost 丢失了，迷路get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难get / be tired of 对感到厌倦，对失去兴趣（比较：get tired for/with 因而感到疲倦）例如：Im getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English?Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.If you dont want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldnt get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.Its time we got down to work（n.）.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didnt get up until lunch time.He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：give away 赠送，泄露，分发 give back 归还，送回give in 投降，让步，屈服 give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等) give out 用完，耗尽，分发 give up 放弃，辞去give a concert 开音乐会 give / make/ deliver a speech 演讲，讲话give a talk 演讲，做报告 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就向某人提出建议/忠告例如：Remember not to give it away to anyone else; its a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading?（10）go短语：go abroad 出国 go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去 go down 下来，落下，倒下go down on ones knees 跪下 go for 为去，努力获取，主张，适用于 go in for 参加，喜欢 go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响go on 发生，进行，继续 go / be on diet 在节食go on (a) holiday 去度假 go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事） go on with sth 继续某事go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出 go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with 与相配go without 忍受没有之苦，没有也行，没有也能勉强应付go through经历，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go to town 进城 go to a movie 去看电影 go home / there 回家/去那儿go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏go wrong 出毛病，不对头， go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用例如：No one dared to go against the rules.Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? No, go ahead.Im afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Lets go over what we learned last period.Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Somethings gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧have a gift for 对有天赋（比较：have a reputation for 有名誉/名声）have a good knowledge of 对很熟悉，通晓have a good laugh over 对笑了个够 have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快have a / the habit of = be in a / the habit of 有的习惯 （比较：get into / form the habit of 养成的习惯 get sb into the habit of 使某人养成的习惯）have a hit 风靡一时 have a large population 人口众多have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定have an effect on / upon 对有影响，对产生作用（比较：influence = affect 对有影响have no effect / influence on 对没有影响have a good / bad effect on 对有好/坏影响 ）have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光have/get/ obtain access to 有使用（接近的）权利或机会 have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭have mercy on 宽恕，对仁慈，对表示怜悯have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事have none of 根本不理睬 have on 穿着have some difficulty / trouble with 在有困难have some difficulty / trouble (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦 have something / nothing in common (with) （与）有共同点没有共同之处 （比较：have much / a lot in common with 与有许多相同之处 have little in common with 与几乎没有相同之处） have something / nothing to do with 与有关无关have to = have got to 不得不，必须 例如：Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.（12）hold短语：hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会hold back 退缩，阻挡，隐瞒；阻止 hold ones breath 屏息，不出气hold on 等一等，不要挂电话hold on to坚持；紧握hold out 伸出，坚持下去；维持hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起 例如：Anger flooded through her. She couldnt hold it back.Could I speak to Mr Smith? Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think water supplies wont hold out much longer.Sorry, Im late. I was held up at work.Chairman Mao wanted women to hold up half the sky（13）keep短语：keep away from 避开，别靠近 keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止，留下keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近keep on 继续进行 keep out 不得入内keepout 把挡在外面 keep out of 不进入keep up 继续，保持，使（情绪等）不低落keep up with 跟上 catch up with 追上，赶上keep a date 赴约 keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食keep a record / records 保持记录keep an eye on 照看；留意；密切注视（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）keepin mind = learnby heart = remember = memorize 把记住keep doing sth 继续不停地做某事比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事keep sb. from doing 阻止做，不让做stop / prevent sb (from) doing 预防/阻止做，不让做 keep ones appointment 守约 （比较：break ones appointment 违约）keep ones balance 保持平衡keep ones words (promise) 遵守诺言keep the same look 保持原貌keep watch 保持警戒，站岗例如：I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger! Keep out!The good news keeps our spirits up.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短语：knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）knock down 把撞倒，击倒knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见knock over 撞翻，撞倒例如：He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.（15）look短语：look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子look after 照顾，照料，照看 look ahead 向前看，展望未来look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾 look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去look back on 回顾，回忆look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事look into 往里面看，浏览; 调查 ( =investigate ) look (right) into sbs eyes 直视着 look on 旁观，观望 look like 看起来像 （比较：look the same 看起来像）look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look out for 警惕，留心，找出来look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻 look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心例如：He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us. Dont just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out! There is danger ahead.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.Ive always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短语：make into 制成，做成（后面跟产品，制成品）比较：be made in 在生产/制造 be made of 由组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（看得出原料）be made from 由组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（看不出原料）be made up of = consist of 由组成，由构成make out 理解，辨认出make up 化妆；编造，虚构；构成，组成；弥补make up for 弥补，补充，补偿 made up ones mind 下决心make a choice 做出选择 make a commitment 承诺，保证make a comment / comments (on / upon) （对）发表评论make a (great) contribution to 为做出（巨大）贡献，为捐款make a decision 做出决定 make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of 愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象make a noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音make a promise 承诺make a record 录制唱片，做记录（比较：record a song 录一首歌 set a world record 创造世界记录）make a suggestion (on ) 提出（关于）的建议 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵make friends with sb 与某人交朋友make fun of 取笑，嘲笑，和开玩笑make it（事业上）获得成功make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气make oneself known 使自己被认识/出名make progress (in ) （在方面）取得进步make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of 弄懂的意思make sth to (ones own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做make sure 确保，确认，查明make (full) use of = make the most / best of (充分)利用例如：Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短语：pass away 去世，死（委婉说法） pass by 通过，从旁边经过pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人)pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上 例如：Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said shed pass the message on to the other students.（18）pay短语：pay attention to (doing) sth 对注意，留心pay a visit to sb / a place = pay sb / some place a visit 拜访（某人），参观（某地） pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复pay（sb）（money）for sth 因付款/付费(给某人)pay off 还清（欠款）; 取得成功；得到好结果pay the bill 买单，付帐单 例如：He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city dont need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.（19）pick短语：pick out 挑选，认出pick up 拾起；接收；偶然学会（语言）；开车去接；(天气等)转好；（火车等）加速 例如：His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.Ill pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短语：put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下put forward 提出，推举出 put off 延期，拖延（=delay） put on （戏）上演，穿上 put out 扑灭，熄灭，伸出，生产put up 挂起，张贴，举起，供给住宿 put