名词性从句解题技巧.doc

名词性从句精讲主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。 一主语从句 -主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。如 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然It is strange that奇怪的是(3) it is 不及物动词从句 It seems that似乎 It happened that碰巧(4) it 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that已证实3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens,It occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如： I heard that he joined the army.-John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词宾语如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire,condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语连系动词表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that. 和It is because 等结构。如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）Unit 5-6教师版名词性从句 一、选择正确答案:D1.She expressed the she would travel in Dalian again.A.hope it B.whether C.hope D.hope thatA2.The social problem it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A.whether B.if C.what D.whichC3.May I ask you a question we are to get the book needed?A.what B.which C.where D.ifC4. a pity that I didnt see you last week.A.Thats B.Whats C.Its D.TheresB5.Do you have any idea ?A.how I was worried B.how worried I wasC.how worried was I D.what I was worriedB6.Do you know it was English teachers that in our school?A.need B.were needed C.will need D.are neededA7.The reason why he was absent was he had got another important meeting to attend.A.that B.because C.because of D.whetherD8.The workers demanded that their wages .A.would rise B.must be raisedC.would be raised D.be raisedA9. she will come is certain.A.That B.What C. D.WhetherA10. he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matterC11.One reason why winter is colder than summer is there are fewer hours of sunlight in winter.A.why B.because C.that D.whetherC12. we do must be in the interests of the people.A.What B.Which C.Whatever D.ThatA13. remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.A.It B.That C.If D.WhetherB14.We dont care they will not come tomorrow.A.whether B.if C.when D.thatA15.I wonder it is true or not.A.whether B.weather C.if D.whyB16.I dont care it doesnt rain cats and dogs.A.whether B.if C.that D.B17.It isnt I want.A. that B.what C.whether D.whyB18.Mr. Wang is to give us a report on he saw and heard in Australia.A.that B.what C.whether D.whichB19.The boy has not changed at all except he is no longer so talkative.A.why B.that C.what D.ifB20.He usually goes to work on his bike except it rains.A.that B.when C.what D.whether二、请找出句中的错误并加以更正:21.Your composition is quite all right except that(A) there(B) is(C) a few(D) spelling mistakes. 21.C(are)22.She will(A) give whomever(B) needs(C) help a warm support.(D) 22.B(whoever)23.I can judge by(A) that(B) I know of(C) him.(D) 23.B(what)24.Is(A) that(B) you told me(C) really(D) true? 24.B(what)25.That(A) is in which(B) he put(C) his books.(D) 25.B(where)26.Mrs John told(A) me(B) what(C) her son had happened.(D) 26.D(had happened to her son)27.Did he raise(A) the question(B) where(C) would we go(D)? 27.D(we would go)28.It is happened(A) that(B) he was out(C) the other day(D). 28.A.(It happened)29.Thats(A) why(B) we(C) are worried about(D). 29.B(what)30.Do you have any idea(A) in which(B) she will be back(C) from abroad(D)? 30.(when)三、用括号中动词的正确时态填空:31.It well (know)that Thomas Edison (invent)the electric lamp. 31.is,known,invented32.Did he say he (be) bad at explaining himself in words? 32.was33.The reason why he didnt attend the class meeting was that he (be )sick. 33.was34.What I want to say (be)what I want to do. 34.is35.The thought came to him that Xiao Chen (be)seriously ill for a long time. 35.had been四、根据提示完成句子(一空一词):36.现在的中国不再是过去的中国了。 China now is no longer what it used to be37.问题是这本英汉词典是否值得一买。The question is whether the English-Chinese dictionary is worth buying38.凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做。Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.39.这就是毛主席从前居住和工作过的地方。This is where Chairman Mao once lived and worked40.据说你姑妈已出国深造两年半了。(for further study)It is said .that your aunt has been abroad for further study for two years and a half五、根据句意和语法填入句中所缺引导词:41.The teacher told us.that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.42.He was surprised at what I said.43.It is probable thathe has told her everything.44.Do you all know the truth.that Columbus discovered America in 1492?45.It happened.thatAlice was out the other day.46.The captain came up and soon found out.howthe matter stood(查明事情的真相).47.Are you sure.that he will succeed in the end?48. Whether they do it or not matters much to us.49.The teacher came in and asked whatwas the matter with us.50.Now we have learntwhatheat is.六、根据括号内的要求改写句子:51.We all know the fact.The earth rotates(自转)from west to east.(用同位语从句把两个单句组成复合句) We all know the fact that the earth rotates from west to east.53.The English teacher insists on my reading English aloud