路由器基本配置.ppt

路由器的基本配置,第二章,完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务: 创建一个 启动或 运行配置文件 在全局配置模式下对路由器进行配置 配置一个串口 选择下载IOS文件的路径 如何备份路由器的IOS文件 使用setup mode对路由器进行一些基本配置,目标,下载配置文件,路由器基本配置一览,把配置文件下载到RAM 改变路由器的个性化标识 配置访问密码 配置路由器相应的端口 把配置文件保存到NVRAM,下载配置文件 (10.3+及以后版本),Console or Terminal,RAM,TFTP Server,configure terminal,copy startup-config running-config,copy tftp running-config,copy tftp startup-config,从TFTP Server下载配置文件,Router#copy tftp running-config Host or network configuration file host? IP address of remote host 55? 55 Name of configuration file Router-confg? P1R1.2 Configure using P1R1.2 from 55? confirm y Booting P1R1.2 from 55:! OK - 874/16000 bytes P1R1#,TFTP Server,路由器操作模式,路由器操作模式一览,用户模式 用户特权模式 全局配置模式,配置模式,提示符,端口 Router(config-if)# 子端口 Router(config-subif)# 控制器 Router(config-controller)# 终端线 Router(config-line)# 路由 Router(config-router)# IPX-路由 Router(config-ipx-router)# Route-map Router(config-route-map)#,如何改变路由器的标识,为路由器或具体端口配置相应的标识,配置密码,Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco,Console 密码,虚终端密码,Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose,Enable 密码,Router(config)#enable password cisco,Secret 密码,Router(config)#enable secret sanfran,Router(config)#interface type number Router(config-if)#,端口的配置,端口类型包括 serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel number用来标识具体的端口,退出当前的端口配置模式,Router(config)#interface type number Router(config-if)#,端口的配置(续),type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number is used to identify individual interfaces,show interfaces 命令,. . .,. . .,Router#show interface serial 1 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is cxBus Serial Description: 56Kb Line San Jose - MP : : : : : : : : : :,协议正常,载波检测正常,端口状态的解释,配置一个串口,进入全局配置模式,进入具体端口配置模式,设置DCE 时钟速率,设置带宽,检查 DCE/DTE 状态,检查所做的修改,Router#show interfaces serial 1 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MK5025 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:01, output hang never Last clearing of “show interface“ counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 2000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 331885 packets input, 62400237 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 230457 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 3 input errors, 3 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 403591 packets output, 66717279 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets, 0 restarts 45 carrier transitions,其它端口的配置,配置 Token Ring的环速率,选择以太网端口的介质类型,重新打开一个人为关闭的端口,Router#configure term Router(config)#interface serial 1 Router(config-if)#shutdown %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial, changed state to administratively down,关闭一个端口,在不改变配置的情况下人为地关闭一个端口,Router#configure term Router(config)#interface serial 1 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-3-UPTOWN: Interface Serial, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up,检查对路由器所做的修改 (10.3+版本),Yes,Make changes in configuration modes,Examine results Router#show running-config,Intended results?,Save changes to backup Router#copy running-config startup-config Router#copy running-config tftp,Examine backup file Router#show startup-config,No,Remove changes,Noninvasive changes:,Router(config)#no Router#copy start run Router#copy TFTP run,Router#reload Router#copy TFTP start Router#reload,Invasive changes:,Last resort changes:,Router#erase start Router#reload,保存配置文件 (10.3+版本),RAM,管理路由器 配置环境,进入ROM monitor状态,配置下载IOS文件的路径,配置寄存器 设置配置寄存器的值可以改变下载路由器IOS映像文件的路径,Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system flash IOS_filename Router(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_address Router(config)#boot system rom Ctrl-Z Router#copy running-config startup-config,当在 NVRAM中没找到Boot system命令,缺省的到flash中去找IOS,如果flash是空的,缺省的再到 TFTP server中去找IOS,Router#show version IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuong Image text-base: 0x0303ED8C, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), version 10.2 (8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 21 hours, 13 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is “flash:c2500-js-l.112-6.bin“, booted via flash Configuration register is 0x2102,设置配置寄存器的值,. . .,配置寄存器中第0到第3bit用来指定如何下载IOS 用 show version 命令检查配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器,配置寄存器值,0x0,0x2 到 0xF,0x1,含义,启动后进入 ROM monitor状态,到NVRAM 中寻找有没有boot system 命令(0x2 为缺省值 ),从ROM中的IOS子集启动,多条 boot system 命令可以设定下载IOS的顺序,NVRAM中的boot system选项,利用网络备份一个IOS映像文件,路由器,检查服务器剩余空间,检查映像文件的命名方式,检查服务器的可达性,网络服务器,Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-l.112-6.bin 7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY),察看flash的相关内容,察看flash中的剩余空间,Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-l.112-6.bin 7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY),IOS映像文件名,创建一个IOS的备份文件,在更新 Flash前做一个备份文件,copy flash tftp,从网络升级IOS,系统会在下载新的版本前首先抹掉旧Flash,Network Server,FLASH,覆盖现存的版本,对于那些新,旧映像文件版本相同的情况,网络服务器,FLASH,Router#copy tftp flash IP address or name of remote host 55? 11 Name of tftp filename to copy into flash ? c4500-js-l.112-6 File c4500-js-l.112-6 already exists; it will be invalidated! Copy c4500-js-l.112-6 from 11 into flash memory? confirm xxxxxxxx bytes available for writing without erasure. erase flash before writing? confirm Clearing and initializing flash memory (please wait)#.# Loading from 11: ! !(text omitted) OK - 324572/524212 bytes Verifying checksum. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV(text omitted) Flash verification successful. Length = 1204637, checksum = 0x95D9,使用 Setup 模式配置路由器,在Setup模式中配置全局参数,Configuring global parameters: Ente