科技英语词义引申法.ppt

词义引申法,所谓词的引申，指的是在一个词所具有的基本词义的基础上，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语来表达，使原文的思想表现得更加准确，译文更加通顺流畅 如：heavy crop heavy current heavy traffic heavy industry,大丰收,强电流,交通拥挤,重工业,技术性引申,You must discount the window dressing in the figures. 这些数字中的粉饰现象要打折扣 The statement analysis indicated substantial watering. 财务报表中揭示出了大量的虚报,An acid has the power to corrode metals. 酸具有腐蚀金属的性能 The transistor can go from an OFF condition to an ON condition with great speed and minimal power. 晶体管能以极快的速度和极小的功率由“关”的状态转到“开”的状态 The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element. 化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价,修饰性引申,英译汉时，有些词在英汉词典上找不到适当的词义，修辞性引申的目的是为了使译文语言流畅，文句通顺如： The machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation. 这台机器的结构简单，但工作效率很高,The study of the brain is one of the last frontiers of human knowledge and of much more immediate importance than undertanding the infinity of space or the mystery of the atom. 对大脑的研究是人类知识的最新领域之一，它比研究无垠的宇宙和神秘的原子更迫切，更重要,The beauty of lasers is that they can do maching without ever physically touching the material. 激光的妙处就在于它能进行机械加工而不必实际接触所加工大材料,The difference between fusion聚变 and fission裂变 do not stop there. 聚变与裂变的差异不仅如此,具体化引申,把原语中含义较概括，抽象，笼统的词引申为意思较为具体的词，避免造成译文概念不清或不合译语习惯 Short selling is disruptive speculation that requires someone else to lose. 买空卖空是破坏性很大的投机勾当，总要导致损人利己的结果,The major problem in fabrication is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造中的一个主要问题是如何控制沾染和杂质,There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. 他们的生活远不止那些政治的，社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题,The fish desperately took the death. 鱼不顾死活吞下致命的鱼钩,4抽象化引申,现代英语中，常常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性，一个事物或一个概念英译汉时，一般要将其词义作抽象化的引申，或把词义较形象的词引申为较一般的词如： To get things moving, he signed any papers, told any lie. 为了推动工作，他签署任何文件，编造任何谎话,There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology. 我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段,There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的特点，是既残暴，又狡猾的,Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile. 对好动的美国人来说，生活是否幸福除了取决于健康，爱情和家庭方面的情况外，还取决于小汽车,Translation Parctice,My idea is that _ (让更多的人列席会议) If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, _ (他就会阻止你走的) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _(这使我心烦) _(鉴于他的年龄和阅历), he was assigned the task. On the moon you could lift weights which _(是你在地球上能举起的重量的六倍),My idea is that _ (让更多的人列席会议) we (should) get more people to attend the conference 表示某人的建议，观点，看法的从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should do sth., should可以省略,If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, _ (他就会阻止你走的) he would have prevented you from going,He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _(这使我心烦) which greatly upsets me,_(鉴于他的年龄和阅历), he was assigned the task. Considering his age and his experience,On the moo