高二英语上学期秋季同步教材第二讲非谓语动词之过去分词.doc

中小学学法优化专家 个 性 化 课 程 辅 导 教 案学员姓名科目年 级课时进度：授课时间课 时3课时授课老师教学课题第二讲 过去分词的其他用法教学目标要求学生掌握过去分词的用法重点难点过去分词做宾语补足语和状语，独立主格教学内容第一部分：以思维导图复习近期知识重难点第二部分： 本次课主要内容Step1 过去分词做宾语补足语宾语补足语。又简称宾补，跟在宾语后面，是用来补充说明宾语意义的成分。过去分词可以做宾补，通常用在一些感官动词，使役动词或状态动词的宾语后面，与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。一 过去分词用在感官动词的后面例如：We heard the windows beaten by rain drops. When he got to school, he saw the door locked.二 过去分词用在使役动词后面常用的使役动词有have, get, make等。1. 过去分词在动词have和get后面做宾补时，表示这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。例如：Youd better have/get the dangerous building pulled down.你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒了。I had/got a decayed tooth pulled off.我叫人把我的一颗蛀牙拔了。2. 过去分词在动词have和get后面做宾补时，还可以表示这是主语的一种经历，这时请根据上下文来领会句子的意思。例如：I had my left arm broken yesterday.昨天我的左胳膊摔断了。Li Ming had his bike stolen. 黎明的自行车被偷了。3. Make oneself +过去分词作宾补时一般表示结果。常用于以下搭配：Make oneself heard 使得别人听得见某人自己的话Make oneself understood 使别人听懂某人自己讲的话。Make oneself believed 使别人相信某人自己的话e.g. I didnt make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall.三 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep和leave后面例如：Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说多看Dont leave the door broken like this all the time.不要让大门一直这样坏着Step2 过去分词做状语一 过去分词作状语的基本用法过去分词和过去分词短语也可以在句子中作状语，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间，原因，条件，结果，让步或伴随等情况。但该状语一般表示一个次要的动作，并且，它一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。例如;Asked how old she was, Mary said it was a secret.Given more water, the fish couldnt die.Seen from a spaceship, the earth looks like a blue green white ball二 关于过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语1. 过去分词或动词-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。此外，过去分词与句子的主语之间应是动宾关系，而动词-ing形式与句子是主谓关系。例如：从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. = If/When it is seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.(过去分词作状语) Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city is beautiful. = If/When you see from the hill, the city is beautiful.(动词-ing短语作状语)注意：过去分词或动词-ing作状语时，状语逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。例如：Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful.（seeing的逻辑主语是you,所以句子的主语应用you,而不是the city）2. 过去分词短语或动词-ing短语所表示的动作如果和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，则要放在句首；如果它表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，则要放在句尾。例如：Finding the door locked, Tom went home.(原因)Tom went home, finding the door locked. (结果)注意：一般来讲，表示时间，原因，条件，让步等分词短语多放在句首，而表示结果，伴随的分词短语多放在句尾。Step3 独立主格结构 一 独立主格结构的定义 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。一、独立主格结构的特点1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.二、独立主格结构的构成:名词或代词+ 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。1名词（或代词） + 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中， There being no bus, we had to walk home.二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.2名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语）不定式表示将来的动作。He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.3名词（或代词） + 过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5名词（或代词） + 副词副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。The meeting over, we all went home.School over, we all went home.6名词（或代词） + 介词短语A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.He left the office, tears in eyes.三、独立主格结构的作用： 多用作状语1.表示时间His homework done（=After his homework was done），Mary decided to go shopping.2.表示原因There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home.3.表示条件Weather permitting（=If weather permits），well go to play basketball.4.表示方式或伴随He sat at the table, head down.l 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，l 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，l 动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。The manager looks worried，many things to be settled.The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.The man lay there, his hands trembling.第三部分：知识巩固、总结学生课堂表现课后练习1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.A. will come B, coming C. to come D. having come3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick up his son directlyA. to be B. is C. was D. being4. - They sat still in the room, _.- Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawnC. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn5. The sun _ , they continued their way.A. has risen B. having risen C. has raised D. having raised6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month.A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to come out8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointingC. disappointing D. being disappointed9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled10 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished11. _ , I had to ask for two days leave.A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C12. With so many books _ , I couldnt go to surf the Internet.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done .A. with his dropping head B. dropping his headC. raising his head D. with his head down14. Winter _ , it is time to buy warm clothes .A .has come on B. is coming on C. coming on D. comes on15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his h