DIN 18007-2000 拆除工作.概念、过程、应用场所

ICS 01.040.91; 91.200 Abbrucharbeiten Begriffe, Verfahren, Anwendungsbereiche Ref. No. DIN 18007 : 2000-05 English price group 06Sales No. 0106 02.02 DEUTSCHE NORMMay 2000 18007 Continued on pages 2 to 9. No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst. In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text. Demolition work Terminology, techniques and applications Contents Page 1Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4Demolition techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Appendix ASuitability and effects of demolition techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Explanatory notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Abbrucharbeiten of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). Introduction By clarifying the terminology used, this standard will improve communication between those involved in tendering and other activities related to demolition work, a field that is constantly growing in complexity. Since the design and execution of demolition work demands in-depth knowledge of the demolition fabric (i.e. structures, plant and components), of the techniques used, and of the resulting materials, coupled with wide experience with such, only those companies (and specialists) may be entrusted with such work that meet these requirements and are capable of ensuring that such work is carried out properly. The persons in charge of demolition work shall ensure that this is carried out under observance of the relevant regulations. Demolition work shall be supervised and monitored by persons who are authorized to do so and have sufficient know-how. The statutory requirements covering safety at work and accident prevention, and the regulations for health and safety issued by the industrial employers liability insurance associations apply even where no specific reference is made to them. In principle, the demolition technique is at the discretion of the company carrying out the work. In some cases, however (e.g. when safety, environmental, economic aspects or ensuing works need to be considered) techniques may be specified. Emissions and other effects of demolition work shall also be taken into account when selecting a suitable technique. Copyright Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V. Provided by IHS under license with DIN Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 2 DIN 18007 : 2000-05 1Scope This standard deals with the terminology and specifies techniques to be used in the partial or total demolition of structures, components and plant, and when making holes in existing buildings. For the purposes of this standard, components shall be taken to include parts of plant and the applications described to cover all materials resulting from demolition work. 2Normative references This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendment to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. DIN 20163Blasting Terminology, units and symbols 3Concepts 3.1Demolition by grapple Removal of components using grapple equipment. 3.2Stripping Progressive removal of material in layers. 3.3Drilling Making of holes in components. 3.4Flame cutting Cutting through steel by burning a combination of gas and oxygen. 3.5Powder cutting Cutting through components by oxidation of iron powder. 3.6Thermic lancing Burning, piercing, cutting and separation of components by inducing an oxidation process at the tip of an iron lance. 3.7Dismantling Non-destructive recovery of components by lifting after undoing their connections. 3.8Thrust Demolition by exerting a horizontal thrust. 3.9Impact Destruction or loosening of components by application of kinetic energy. 3.10Pulling Demolition by application of tensile forces. 3.11Water jetting Cutting through components by means of a concentrated jet of water. 3.12Plasma cutting Cutting through components by means of ionized gases. 3.13 Demolition by pulverizer Crushing or detachment of components by jaw action. 3.14Breaking-up Breaking up of components using hydraulic excavator shovels and ripper teeth. Copyright Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V. Provided by IHS under license with DIN Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 3 DIN 18007 : 2000-05 3.15Sawing Severance of components by means of saws (e.g. hand-held saws, chain saws, ring and chain saws, with diamond blades, by the dry cutting or water-cooled method). 3.16Demolition by hydraulic shears Cutting through, or reducing the size, of structures or components by shear jaw action. 3.17Splitting Fracturing or weakening of components by use of hydraulic bursters or expanding agents. 3.18Blasting Loosening, crushing, or causing the collapse of components or structures, or reduction of their height, with the aid of explosives. 3.19Mortising Loosening or reducing the size of components using a chisel or point cutting edge. 4Demolition techniques 4.1General The techniques described in the following may be used alone or in combination. Depending on their size, tools and equipment will be either hand-held or machine-operated. It shall be ensured that machinery, persons and debris have adequate structural support at all times. The structural stability of components and surfaces on which demolition machinery and persons stand and demolition material is stored shall be ensured. Working spaces and exclusion zones shall be of adequate size. The usability of machinery in demolition operations depends on its reach. 4.2Demolition by grapple Demolition by grapple is effected by mechanical or hydraulic equipment that simultaneously grips and pulls components. a) Main applications: Loosening of masonry or timber components, and separation of debris. b) Conditions of application: Components to be removed shall be pre-loosened using another technique unless they are already loosely joined to the rest. 4.3Impact Impact is effected manually using an impact hammer or mechanically by a demolition ball suspended from a lifting appliance. a) Main applications: Crushing and loosening of plain concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry components. b) Conditions of application: No parts of the structure in the vicinity shall require to be retained. Vibration must be taken into account. 4.4Thrust Structures or components are pushed in or over manually or mechanically as a result of pressure exerted by mechanical or hydraulic equipment (e.g. pusher arms, demolition poles). a) Main applications: Causing timber or masonry components to topple over. b) Conditions of application: Vibration must be taken into account. The point at which pressure is applied shall be sufficiently high to prevent parts of the structure from toppling towards the demolition machinery. 4.5Pulling Pulling of structures or components is performed manually using winches or mechanically using a pulley system or excavators with suitable attachments. a) Main application: Causing plain concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry, timber and steel components to topple over. b) Conditions of application: Vibration must be taken into account. A suitable point on the structure shall be selected at which to pull, in order to ensure that the component moves in the direction of pull. Copyright Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V. Provided by IHS under license with DIN Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 4 DIN 18007 : 2000-05 4.6Breaking-up Backhoe buckets grasp beneath the slab or other horizontal surface to be broken up and destroy it by lifting after ripping tooths have made furrows in the surface. a) Main applications: Breaking up and crushing of floor slabs, foundations and paved surfaces. b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application. 4.7Mortising The advance of the chisel is effected by hammers operated manually or mechanically with electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic drive. a) Main applications: Crushing of plain concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry and hydrocarbon concrete components. Removal of layers of plaster, screed, tiles, etc. b) Conditions of application: Vibration must be taken into account. 4.8Demolition by pulverizer Pincer jaws are pressed together hydraulically to crush components. a) Main applications: Crushing or severance of components made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry. b) Conditions of application: The component to be crushed or severed shall be of a geometry presenting a target to the shears. 4.9Demolition by hydraulic shears Shear jaws are pressed together hydraulically to sever components. a) Main applications: Crushing or severance of steel components. b) Conditions of application: The component to be crushed or severed shall be of a geometry presenting a target to the shears. 4.10Use of hydraulic bursters Hydraulically driven pistons or wedges, placed in pre-drilled holes, are gradually jacked out under pressure, eventually causing splitting of components. a) Main applications: Cutting through components made of plain concrete, concrete with light reinforcement or masonry, in areas sensitive to noise or vibration. b) Conditions of application: Holes must be drilled in the components prior to their removal. 4.11Use of expanding agents Pre-drilled holes in the component are filled with an expanding agent which expands considerably as it hardens, thus exerting pressure on the component, which eventually splits. a) Main applications: Crushing of unreinforced concrete, masonry and the concrete in reinforced concrete, in areas sensitive to noise or vibration. b) Conditions of application: Holes must be pre-drilled for injection of expanding agent. The components requiring demolition should be made of a hard, brittle material of low tensile strength. 4.12Dismantling Components are recovered by loosening their connections and removed using a non-destructive technique. a) Main applications: Removal of components for re-use or recycling, or to avoid the release of harmful substances. b) Conditions of application: Connections shall be accessible and easy to loosen. 4.13Blasting 4.13.1General Structures or components are broken apart, shattered or caused to collapse, either in part or completely. This is done using explosives detonated by an electrical or other fuse. The explosive charges are generally placed in pre-drilled holes, although they are sometimes attached to the structure or component. Prior to the detonation, the area at risk from the explosion shall be declared an exclusion zone. See DIN 20163 for terminology associated with blasting. 4.13.2Loosening Blasting is sometimes used to loosen components. a) Main applications: Loosening of thick-walled components made from plain concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry, to facilitate subsequent manual or mechanical demolition work. b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application. Copyright Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V. Provided by IHS under license with DIN Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 Page 5 DIN 18007 : 2000-05 4.13.3Splitting In order to split structures or components by blasting, special blasting techniques to pre-weaken them, such as pre-fracturing, are used. Ready-made wedge charges are placed in thin-walled components. a) Main applications: Demarcation of the zone between components to be demolished and those to be retained (e.g. for penetrations in thick reinforced concrete walls). Splitting of thin-walled components (e.g. reinforced and prestressed concrete beams, steel plate and steel girders). b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application. 4.13.4Toppling An explosion is used to induce tall, slender structures to topple over in a certain direction. The extent to which the structure breaks apart on impact depends on its design. a) Main applications: Toppling of chimneys, towers and silos. b) Conditions of application: There must be adequate impact space for the structure. 4.13.5Collapse The whole building is induced to collapse by blasting the loadbearing parts. The number of blasting levels distributed over the height of the structure depends on its height and design. a) Main application: Producing the collapse of tall skeleton structures that, owing to lack of space, are not permitted to topple over. b) There must be adequate space to accommodate the resulting pile of debris. 4.13.6Height reduction The height of the structure is reduced (e.g. to the reach of an excavator) by blasting the loadbearing parts at its base. a) Main application: Reduction of the height of structures whose design renders them unable to topple over or collapse. b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application. 4.14Drilling 4.14.1Diamond core drilling A series of holes are made with diamond drills, using water for cooling and washing down. a) Main application: In existing buildings, making of high-precision holes in areas sensitive to noise and vibration. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that water will accumulate. 4.14.2Solid drilling Through-holes are drilled using customary hard metal bits. a) Main applications: Preparation of structures for blasting and splitting work. b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application. 4.15Sawing 4.15.1Tracked diamond sawing Tracked diamond sawing is performed independently of location to break up plain concrete, reinforced concrete, natural stone and masonry. a) Main applications: Making of high-precision holes in existing buildings. Severance and division of components in areas sensitive to dust, noise and vibration. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate. A means of attaching the tracks must be available. 4.15.2Floor sawing Floor sawing is used on horizontal surfaces only, to cut through plain and reinforced concrete and asphalt. a) Main applications: Making of high-precision holes in existing buildings. Severance and division of components in areas sensitive to dust, noise and vibration. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate. 4.15.3Diamond wire sawing Diamond wire sawing is performed independently of location to cut through plain and reinforced concrete, natural stone and masonry. a) Main applications: Severance and division of large-volume components requiring to be cut to a large depth. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate. Copyright Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V. Provided by IHS under license with DIN Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 6 DIN 18007 : 2000-05 4.15.4Ring and chain sawing Ring and chain sawing is performed with a water-cooled chain saw. This shall be equipped with diamonds, except for work on timber. The technique is performed independently of location to cut through plain and reinforced concrete, timber, masonry and natural stone. a) Main applications: In existing buildings, to make holes in areas that are difficult to access. Finishing off of tracked diamond sawing work on surfaces where no overcut is permitted. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate. 4.16Flame cutting The components to be detached are heated at the point of detachment using a manually operated cutting torch, and the oxidized material is discharged as liquefied slag. a) Main application: Demolition of steel plant or steel structures. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that sparks, fumes and slag will be produced. Flammable materials must be removed before work commences. 4.17Plasma cutting A high-temperature plasma jet applied from a hand-operated gas-fuelled or electric gun is aimed directly at the components to be detached. a) Main application: Dismantling of high-alloy steel or nonferrous metal components. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that sparks, fumes and slag will be produced. Flammable materials must be removed before work commences. 4.18Thermic lancing The material making up the components to be detached are melted at the point of detachment using a manually operated thermic lance and converted into liquid slag which is expelled by the oxygen jet. a) Main application: Removal of parts of plant made from cast iron or high-alloy steel, that have thick walls or comprise a number of layers. b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that sparks, fumes and slag will be produced. Flammable materials must be removed before work commences. 4.19Powder cutting The componen