四级仔细阅读选词模拟题.doc

四级选词填空与完形填空What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .考试大论坛But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). Its what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted来源：答案及解析1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信”。10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?来源：考试大Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的） clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity（身份） than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.Askill Bpopular Cget Dchange Esimilarly Fprofessional Gcharacter Hindividuality Iinspire Jdifferently Kexpect Lpractical Mrecall Nlose OordinaryANSWERS:1.选B）。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。2.选F）。此处应填形容词。从more.than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian相对的，故F）正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。3.选K）。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更.”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望（得到）”的单词，只有K）expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。4.选I）。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯.从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。5.选A）。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A）skill符合原文意思。6.选N）。此处应填动词。.step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是.职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N）lose。考试大全国最大教育类网站(wwwE)7.选L）。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“.节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L）pratical符合原文意思。8.选H）。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H）individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。9.选D）。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D）正确。10.选E）。此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出.look alike,they tend to.，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E）similarly与alike意思相近，故选E）。As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.Acompare Bresponsible Cuseful 考试大论坛Dadded Efind Freference Gindirect Hmethod Isuccessful Jcombined KNecessarily Lcapacity Mability NBasically Oadopt Answers:1.选B）。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门.计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能与for连用，排除；剩余几项中只有B）responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.选O）。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).3.选H）。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H）method。4.选I）。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I）seccessful更符合原文意思。5.选D）。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值.起来to give a total value得出总分值，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把.相加”，后者意为“把.结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D）added最符合文意。6.选M）。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”；前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M）ability。7.选F）。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与.无关”。故选F）reference。本文来源:考试大网8.选A）。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的（工作价值）”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A）正确。9.选K）。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬.的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。10.选G）。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done易于评估的工作，通常用现金奖励办法；而.measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G）indirect符合原句的意思。As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is _1_ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to _2_ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of _3_ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such _4_ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of _5_ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and _6_. In fact we make choice between flight or fight and in more _7_ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same _8_. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued _9_ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot _10_ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.来源：A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemicallyE)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transferI)unusual J)control K)remove L)escapeM)response N)backward O)essentialANSWER:1.选O）。此处应填形容词。前文中说人们正在失去放松的休闲方式，But转折表明作者对relaxation的重视态度，只有essential“必须的，重要的”符合文意。2.选E）。此处应填动词。前句说Stress is a natural part of everyday life“压力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”，说明人们不能避免压力。选项中只有avoid的意思为“避免，消除”，故E）avoid正确。3.选J）。此处应填名词。前面说有压力并不是坏事，适当的压力能给人以动力，能赋予人生活的意义。只有在什么时候，压力才会导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。根据上下文可知get out of control“压力失控”的时候，才会有不好的结果，故选J）control。 4.选B）。此处应填名词。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕压力”是一些人的性格特点，选项中可以表示人的性格特点的词只有characters，故选B）。5.选I）。此处应填形容词，修饰名词difficulties。一些人遇到.的困难就灰心丧气，选项中的形容词中，unusual“不同寻常的”可以说明困难的程度，故选择I）。6.选F）。此处应填副词，与physically相对应，在此physically作为“身体上的”解释。选项中的副词有chemically“化学地”和psychologically“精神地”，很明显两个副词中选择F）psychologically。7.选G）。此处应填形容词，修饰名词days。.days与后文中的today相对应，形成对比。选项中的是primitive，即将人类的早期和人类的今天做比较 ，故选G）。而N）backward说明的是社会发展的状态，不符合原文意思。8.选M）。此处填名词。前句说，在人类的早期，选择不同就意味着生与死的差别；而现在人们碰到的危机不可能那样极端。后面but转折，说明了不管是压力的大小，人们都是在“避免”和“战斗”之间选择，下句中的such a reaction也可以说明人们对压力的反应是一样的，选项中的名词answer和response中，M）response=reaction符合文意。9.选A）。根据上题，这种反应长时间持续的原因就是长时间的面对压力，选项中的exposure“暴露的状态，受影响”符合上下文意思，故选择A）exposure。10.选K）。此处要填动词原形，和from构成动介搭配。人们应想办法应对压力，而不是将它.出人们的生活。选项中的transfer表示“转移”不符合原文意思；remove“移动，移除”可以和from连用，表示“除掉，移开”，符合原文意思，故选K）。The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well-grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced _1_ societies. But such families are hard to _2_. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family _3_ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged-a stripped-down, portable family unit _4_ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more _5_ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, _6_ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more _7_ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A _8_ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in _9_ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many _10_ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultura l )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting本文来源:考试大网ANSWER:1. 选J）。此处应填形容词，修饰名次societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family.“工业化之前的典型家庭模式.”， 即“extended family存在于工业化之前的社会，即agricultural society。故J）正确。选项中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思。2. 选A）。由be hard to do sth.可知，此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”，这说明这样的家庭are hard to.，选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形，前者指的是“迁居，迁移”，后者指的是运输，不难推断前者符合原文意思，故A）transplant正确。3. 选C）。因为这句话的句子结构完整，固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中.and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“，emerge的意思是“浮现 ，强调经过一个过程后出现的。由此可以判断，这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现，而不是连续不断地出现，故选择C)gradually4. 选O）。该句可拆分理解，即a family unit. of parents and a smell set of children 一个家庭单元.父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含，由.组成“的。选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸，故O）为正确答案。5. 选H）。从原文中的more.than可知，此处应填形容词，构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性，故应选H）mobile，说明新型的家庭模式的优点。6. 选M）。此处应填动词，作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”.更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要，需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明显选择M)requires。7. 选E）。此处应填形容词，用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最.的成员，即由男人和女人组成，男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E）elemental“基本的，本质的”，而N）primary“主要的，最早的”，原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分，故E）更符合原文意思。8.选l）。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法，故选项中的L）compromise“妥协，折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法，但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情，故排除。9.选F）。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict，根据上下文意思，这个题相对容易。10.选I）。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵，那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人，故这里应填I）couples。导读：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well-grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.（The typical pre-industrial family=extended family），第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点：很难流动。）Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged-a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.（第二段与第一段形成对比，说明industrialism“工业化”要求家庭必须流动，导致大家庭变得越来越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成员：男人和女人。）来源：考试大A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. （最后一段说明工业化背景下，参加工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾。）全文翻译：工业化之前的典型的家庭模式不仅包括许多孩子，而且还有很多其他的家庭成员-祖父母，叔叔，婶婶，堂兄妹等。这样的大家庭适合在慢节奏的农业社会中生存，但这样的家庭很难迁移和流动。工业化需要大量乐意并能够离开家乡外出寻找工作的工人，而且他们可以根据需要随时流动。这样，大家庭渐渐摆脱了多余的成员，而所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了：这种家庭是只包括父母和小孩的迁移方便的小家庭。这种远远比传统大家庭更易于流动的新型家庭模式便成为所有工业国家的标准模式。然而，超级工业化，即下一个阶段的生态科技的发展，要求家庭具有更大的流动性。因此我们期待：在将来，许多人采取继续进一步缩小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭缩减到它的最基本成员，即只有一个男人和一个女人。夫妻两人，也许由于职业旗鼓相当，将比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和处理社会问题方面更加爱得心应手，在更换工作类型和工作地点的方面更为有效。折中的解决办法就是推迟要孩子，而不是不要孩子。现在的男人和女人在忠于事业和抚养孩子之间总是引起冲突。在将来，许多夫妇会把全力以赴抚养孩子推迟到退休以后，以回避这一问题。Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor wit