专业英语04UnitThree(Volume1).ppt

授课教师：陶斌 Lecturer：Bin Tao,专业英语 建筑学与城市规划 Professional English in Architecture and Urban Planning,Review UNIT TWO Text Housing,house haus n. house hauz v. housing hauzi n. houses hauziz pl. accessibility ksesibiliti, ksesbilti n. 可达性 detached dittt . 独立的 semi-detached semidittt, semidittt . 半独立的 the elements 自然力,天气等(尤指坏天气) porch n. 门廊（尤指教堂或房子的）；（半敞的）走廊 veranda(h) vrnd n. （半敞的）走廊 path lane road street avenue La. Rd. St. Ave.,1.Words and Expressions,1.Words and Expressions,suburb n. 郊区 a suburb of London 伦敦郊区 an industrial suburb 城郊工业区 live in the suburbs 住在市郊 suburban adj. a suburban street 郊区的街道 suburbia n.（总称）郊区；郊区居民,residential area/district/quarter 住宅区 residential building 居住建筑 industrial building 工业建筑 commercial building 商业建筑 office building 办公建筑,residential construction 住宅建设 residential density 居住密度 community center 社区中心 multistory building 多层建筑 high-rise building 高层建筑 multiple-story structure 多层结构,living-room bedroom master bedroom study dining-room kitchen,toilet bathroom balcony elevator elevator shaft/hoistway,lift well staircase stair rail stair landing stair step, Page 10, Para. 2, line 2 A majority of families preferred single-family house on about half an acre of land, which would provide space for spare-time activities.,Example 1 I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow.,我喜欢与约翰交谈，他是个聪明人。,大多数家庭喜欢占地约半英亩的独户住宅，这样就会有业余活动的空间。,2.Sentences,non-restrictive attributive clause 描述性定语从句（非限制性定语从句）,Example 2 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.,水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。,Example 1 He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth.,他因年幼而获得免费。,（由于）每个住户先从会社购买股份，并支付自己的那份楼房保养费、服务费和修理费。这样，他便在公寓中拥有一套住房的权力。, Page 11, Para. 6, line 3 Each tenant owns the right to occupy his apartment by virtue of having bought shares in the corporation and by paying his share of charges for building maintenance, service, and repair.,Example 2 She became a British citizen by virtue of her marriage to an Englishman.,她借着同英国人结婚而成为英国公民。,by virtue of 由于；凭借，依靠, Page 11, Para. 6, line 6 Condominium housing differs in that each individual actually owns and holds title to his apartment and accepts sole financial responsibility for it.,Example 1 have title to do sth.,有权做某事,个人拥有式住房的不同在于每个住户实际上拥有其公寓所有权，并单独承担住房的一切财务责任。,title 所有权；权利，资格,Example 2 Has he any title to the land?,他有这块土地的所有权吗？, Page 11, Para. 7, line 2 Local zoning laws set up standards for the acceptable size of a building lot and determine whether it may be put to residential, commercial, or industrial use. Building codes require that plans for new housing be submitted in advance to the local authority for approval in the form of a building permit.,地方规划法为建筑基地可接受的规模确立了标准，并决定这个基地是适合居住、商用还是工业用途。建筑规范要求新的住宅规划预先提交给地方政府以获取准建证。,Example 1 The rent must be paid in advance.,租金须预付。,Example 2 Its impossible to know in advance what will happen.,预知未来发生的事是不可能的。,in advance 预先；事前,UNIT THREE Text The Language of Architecture (),mansion large and stately house 宅第，公馆 Mansions used in proper names for a block of flats 用于公寓楼的专有名称中 49 Victoria Mansions，Grove Road，London,1.Words and Expressions,duke duchess waiter waitress monitor monitress actor actress host hostess,plaza square,triumphal arch 凯旋门,1.Words and Expressions,The Arch of Constantine，Rome，315 CE. 罗马君士坦丁凯旋门, Page 20, Para. 1, line 7 A person from another culture, say an aboriginal tribesman from the South Pacific, might have the same difficulty understanding our architecture that he has with our language, customs, and moral standards.,一个来自另一种文化背景的人，比如说一位南太平洋的土著部落人，也许会觉得理解我们的建筑就象理解我们的语言、风俗习惯和道德标准一样难。,Example 1 You could learn to play chess in, say, three months.,学下国际象棋要用，比如说，三个月吧。,Example 2 Lets take any writer, say Dickens,我们随便拿个作家为例，比如说狄更斯,2.Sentences, Page 20, Para.1, line 10 In fact, he would not know what a church is, let alone a post office.,Example 1 The baby cant even walk, let alone run.,这婴孩还不会走，更不必说跑了。,Example 2 I havent decided on the menu yet, let alone bought the food.,事实上他不知道教堂是什么，更不必说邮局了。, Page 20, Para. 2, line 1 It follows that ,由此可见（得出）,我还没决定吃什么，更不必说买什么食物了。,非常明确（关于）要表达的内容，以免露出一付胡说八道的傻相, Page 20, Para. 2, line 1 be quite clear as to what he wants to say, lest he reveal himself to be a blithering fool, ,Example 3 He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen.,Example 4 Lest anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.,Example 1 As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves.,至于（或关于）我们的作业，老师总是让我们自己改。,他跑开了以免被看见。,我向你们保证那是真事，以免有人觉得奇怪。,Example 2 As to ( doing ) that, I havent decided yet.,至于（办）那件事，我尚未决定。,St. Peters, Rome, begun 1546 罗马圣彼得广场（1546年始）, Page 20, Para. 3, line 1 Language, as we know it, consists of symbols words, sentences, gestures, forms anything that may be put together to communicate., Page 20, Para. 3, line 1 from the bottom Since both ends of this act of communication can be so extremely different, according to the individuals involved their experiences, prejudices, convictions, and sensitivities it is small wonder that the same piece of architecture can mean so many different things to different people, and be the occasion for so much fierce debate.,Example 1 Its a wonder you recognized him.,你居然认得出他，真叫人奇怪。,It is a wonder ( that ) 奇怪的是；令人惊奇的是,It is no/small wonder ( that ) 不足为奇,因为参与交流的双方所涉及的人有着巨大的差别不同的经历、不同的成见、不同的信念和不同的敏感性。因此同一件建筑作品，不同的人有不同的看法，而且由于偶然的原因还会引起激烈的争论，这就不足为奇了。,Example 3 It is strange that he did not come.,真奇怪他没来。,Example 2 It is necessary that he should do so.,他必须这么做。,Example 4 It doesnt matter what you do.,你干什么都没关系。,引词it 作形式主语，真实主语 主语从句位于句末。,Example 5 It is said that hes got married.,听说他结婚了。,Example 6 How strange it is that the children are so quiet！,真奇怪，孩子们竟如此安静！, Page 20, Para. 4, line 4 It keeps others out, as well as wind, rain, cold, and wolves.,它把另一些人挡在墙外，同时它也隔风、挡雨、防寒、御狼。,as well as 除之外还；和；也；而且,Example 3 Shes a talented musician as well as being a photographer.,Example 2 The child is lively as well as healthy.,这孩子既健康又活泼。,她不但是摄影师，还是个天才的音乐家。,Example 1 Im learning French as well as English.,我学英语之外还学法语。,Example 3 Since nobody else wants the job, we might as well let him have it.,既然谁也不要这个工作，咱们不妨让他去做吧。, Page 21, Para. 5, line 4 Put all three together and you might as well paint a sign on the wall: modest home with pet, probably suburban or rural.,把这三个因素结合起来，你就可以（不妨）在墙壁上勾画出这样一幅画面：一座位于近郊或乡间养有宠物的简朴住宅。,as well A. 又；也；还 B.还是好；不妨,Example 2 We might as well have stayed at home.,我们当初不妨留在家里。,Example 1 Im going to London, and Johns going as well.,我要去伦敦，约翰也要去。, Page 21, Para. 7, line 4 Eventually this gateway, through long association with glorious events, began to take on a glory of its own, so that sooner or later it became separated from its function as a passage through a wall and took on a role of its own.,长期以来大门总是与光荣的事件联系在一起，终于它逐渐成了荣耀的象征，因而迟早会与其作为通过墙壁的功能分道扬镳而独