windows程序设计实验指导书.docxVIP

实验四、Windows GDI编程实验目的：1、 了解windows GDI设备环境的获取与设置。2、 了解windows GDI 绘图对象CPen,CBrush,CFont等的相关基本操作。3、 掌握建立简单图形交互的图形数据管理和鼠标工具设计等。实验要求：建立一个windows SDI（单文档）应用程序，并编辑建立图形属性设置的无模式对话框、简单图形工具条等。实现直线、矩形、椭圆、多边形的交互绘制及文字显示，并能进行图形属性设置。实验可以选择竞赛作业题目，则本次的基本操作实验可以不做，竞赛作业可在课程后期交上，计算成绩有加分因素。竞赛作业：分析微软Office系列软件的绘图工具箱组件的图形编辑功能和操作特点，抽象出其数据组织的结构体系，并分析其需要的鼠标工具类型，设计出相应合理的数据结构和鼠标工具，模拟实现简单几何图形的绘制工具（能交互设置图形属性、有图形成组操作功能，可以实现图形的简单几何变换为佳）。实验指导：一、 在VC+6.0环境中建立一个单文档工程。1、 通过资源编辑器编辑如下所示对话框资源和工具条资源。注意生成对话框类后，为几个组合框添加字符串变量，为Spin控件添加控制变量，并为几个组合对话框添加初始数据：映射模式：MM_ANISOTROPICMM_HIENGLISHMM_HIMETRICMM_ISOTROPICMM_LOENGLISHMM_LOMETRICMM_TEXTMM_TWIPS画笔风格：PS_SOLIDPS_DASHPS_DOTPS_DASHDOTPS_DASHDOTDOTPS_NULLPS_INSIDEFRAME画刷风格：BS_HATCHEDBS_SOLID线刷风格：HS_BDIAGONALHS_CROSSHS_DIAGCROSSHS_FDIAGONALHS_HORIZONTALHS_VERTICAL为生成的对话框类添加构造函数和变量：.h文件CGraphPropertyDlg(CView* pView);GDI_ExeView* m_pView;.cpp文件CGraphPropertyDlg:CGraphPropertyDlg(CView* pView)m_pView = (GDI_ExeView* ) pView;2、 在View类中添加数据成员：public:/无模式对话框CGraphPropertyDlg* pDlg;int m_nMapMode;/映射模式LOGBRUSH m_lBrush;/用来交互设置CDC画刷属性的逻辑画刷LOGPEN m_lPen;/用来交互设置CDC画笔属性的逻辑画笔COLORREF m_cFont;/用来交互设置CDC字体颜色LOGFONT m_lFont;/用来交互设置CDC字体属性的逻辑字体private:/将字符串变量与整形变量之间建立映射关系，用于对话框的数据交互CMap m_mapMode;CMap m_mapPen;CMap m_mapBrush;CMap m_mapHBrush;View类中数据成员的初始化：CGDI_ExeView:CGDI_ExeView()/ TODO: add construction code here/初始化映射模式的值-字符串映射表m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_ANISOTROPIC,MM_ANISOTROPIC);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_HIENGLISH,MM_HIENGLISH);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_HIMETRIC,MM_HIMETRIC);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_ISOTROPIC,MM_ISOTROPIC);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_LOENGLISH,MM_LOENGLISH);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_LOMETRIC,MM_LOMETRIC);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_TEXT,MM_TEXT);m_mapMode.SetAt(MM_TWIPS,MM_TWIPS);/初始化画笔样式的值-字符串映射表m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_SOLID,PS_SOLID);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_DASH,PS_DASH);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_DOT,PS_DOT);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_DASHDOT,PS_DASHDOT);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_DASHDOTDOT,PS_DASHDOTDOT);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_NULL,PS_NULL);m_mapPen.SetAt(PS_INSIDEFRAME,PS_INSIDEFRAME);/初始化画刷样式的值-字符串映射表m_mapBrush.SetAt(BS_HATCHED,BS_HATCHED);m_mapBrush.SetAt(BS_SOLID,BS_SOLID);m_mapBrush.SetAt(BS_NULL,BS_NULL);/初始化线模式画笔样式的值-字符串映射表m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_BDIAGONAL,HS_BDIAGONAL);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_CROSS,HS_CROSS);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_DIAGCROSS,HS_DIAGCROSS);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_FDIAGONAL,HS_FDIAGONAL);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(PS_DASHDOTDOT,PS_DASHDOTDOT);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_HORIZONTAL,HS_HORIZONTAL);m_mapHBrush.SetAt(HS_VERTICAL,HS_VERTICAL);/初始化映射模式，画笔、画刷、字体样式m_nMapMode = MM_TEXT;m_lBrush.lbColor = RGB(0,0,0);m_lBrush.lbHatch = HS_BDIAGONAL;m_lBrush.lbStyle = BS_HATCHED;m_lPen.lopnColor = RGB(0,0,0);m_lPen.lopnStyle = PS_SOLID;m_lPen.lopnWidth.x = 1;m_cFont = RGB(0,0,0);m_lFont.lfHeight = 30;m_lFont.lfWidth = 0;m_lFont.lfEscapement = 0;m_lFont.lfOrientation = 0;m_lFont.lfWeight = FW_NORMAL;m_lFont.lfItalic = FALSE;m_lFont.lfUnderline = FALSE;m_lFont.lfStrikeOut = FALSE;m_lFont.lfCharSet = GB2312_CHARSET;m_lFont.lfOutPrecision = OUT_STROKE_PRECIS;m_lFont.lfClipPrecision = CLIP_STROKE_PRECIS;m_lFont.lfQuality = DRAFT_QUALITY;m_lFont.lfPitchAndFamily = VARIABLE_PITCH|FF_MODERN;strcpy(m_lFont.lfFaceName,楷体_GB2312);/无模式对话框的指针初始化pDlg = NULL;/析构函数的内存释放CGDI_ExeView:CGDI_ExeView()m_mapMode.RemoveAll();m_mapPen.RemoveAll();m_mapBrush.RemoveAll();m_mapHBrush.RemoveAll();二、 DOC类中的图形数据项及数据管理函数的添加。数据项添加（*Doc.h）private:/存储图形数据的数据结构CArray m_lineObj;CArray m_rectObj;CArray m_ellipseObj;CTypedPtrList m_polygonObj;数据操作功能：/向数据集中追加新的数据的函数void AddLine(CRect rect);void AddRect(CRect rect);void AddEllipse(CRect rect);void AddPolygon(CDrawPolygon* pPoly);/在数据集中删除相应目标BOOL DeleteLine(CRect rect);BOOL DeleteRect(CRect rect);BOOL DeleteEllipse(CRect rect);BOOL DeletePolygon(int nPolyID);/调整多边形位置于链表最后void PolygonToTail(int nPolyID);/用于图形选择的函数，主要用了CRgn类的RectInRegion()方法BOOL GetLineAt(CRect& rect, CPoint point, LOGPEN logpen);BOOL GetRectAt(CRect& rect, CPoint point);BOOL GetEllipseAt(CRect& rect, CPoint point);BOOL GetPolygonAt(CDrawPolygon& poly, CPoint point);/画图形的函数void DrawLines(CGDI_ExeView* pView,CDC* pDC);void DrawRects(CGDI_ExeView* pView,CDC* pDC);void DrawEllipses(CGDI_ExeView* pView,CDC* pDC);void DrawPolygons(CGDI_ExeView* pView,CDC* pDC);/移动选中对象void MoveObj(CRect rect, int nPolyID, DrawShape type, CPoint dxy);多边形的数据结构及相关操作函数请参考例程相关代码，争取看懂代码。三、 建立右键菜单资源并在View类中添加对右键菜单的消息处理。void CGDI_ExeView:OnContextMenu(CWnd* pWnd, CPoint point) / TODO: Add your message handler code hereCMenu menu;if (menu.LoadMenu(IDR_MENU_POP)CMenu* pPopup = menu.GetSubMenu(0);if(pPopup != NULL)pPopup-TrackPopupMenu(TPM_RIGHTBUTTON | TPM_LEFTALIGN, point.x, point.y, pWnd); void CGDI_ExeView:OnDelete() / TODO: Add your command handler code hereCGDI_ExeDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);CRect rdoc = m_rectSelect;ClientToDoc(rdoc);rdoc.NormalizeRect();int idpoly = m_polygonSelect.m_nID;if(m_bSelected)switch(m_selectType)case rectangle:if(pDoc-DeleteRect(rdoc)m_bSelected = FALSE;Invalidate();break;case ellipse:if(pDoc-DeleteEllipse(rdoc)m_bSelected = FALSE;Invalidate();break;case line:if(pDoc-DeleteLine(rdoc)m_bSelected = FALSE;Invalidate();break;case polygon:if(pDoc-DeletePolygon(idpoly)m_bSelected = FALSE;Invalidate();break;pDoc-UpdateAllViews(this);void CGDI_ExeView:OnCdcattri() / TODO: Add your command handler code here/无模式对话框的建立if(pDlg = NULL)pDlg = new CGraphPropertyDlg(this);pDlg-Create(IDD_DIALOG1);pDlg-ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);View类OnDraw（）函数的内容请参考下面代码：/根据逻辑画笔、画刷设置设备环境画笔、画刷的属性CBrush brush;if (!brush.CreateBrushIndirect(&m_lBrush)return;CPen pen;if (!pen.CreatePenIndirect(&m_lPen)return;CBrush* pOldBrush = pDC-SelectObject(&brush);CPen* pOldPen = pDC-SelectObject(&pen);/画矩形pDoc-DrawRects(this,pDC);/画椭圆pDoc-DrawEllipses(this,pDC);/画多边形pDoc-DrawPolygons(this,pDC);/画直线pDoc-DrawLines(this,pDC);/还原设备环境 pDC-SelectObject(pOldBrush);pDC-SelectObject(pOldPen);/画选中物体的选中句柄if(m_bSelected) DrawSelectionObj();/根据“字体”通用对话框中的选项绘制文本CFont myFont;myFont.CreateFontIndirect(&m_lFont);CFont* pOldFont = pDC-SelectObject(&myFont);pDC-SetTextColor(m_cFont);/根据逻辑字体显示文字pDC-TextOut(80,80,字体实例，显示选择字体);/由CreateFont函数直接创建一种显示字体CFont myFont1;myFont1.CreateFont(30,/字符的逻辑高度0,/字符的平均宽度，缺省值-450,/文本行顺时针旋转45度0,FW_BOLD,/加粗体TRUE,/不倾斜TRUE,/加下划线FALSE,/不加删除线GB2312_CHARSET, /中文字符集OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,DEFAULT_QUALITY,DEFAULT_PITCH|FF_MODERN,仿宋_GB2312); /宋体pOldFont = pDC-SelectObject(&myFont1);/将字体颜色设置为兰色pDC-SetTextColor(RGB(0,0,255);/根据创建字体显示文字pDC-TextOut(200,130,自定义仿宋字体);/还原设备环境pDC-SelectObject(pOldFont);无模式对话框与View之间的方法调用：void CGraphPropertyDlg:OnApply() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereUpdateData();/调用视图类的方法将图形属性设置变量传过去m_pView-OnApply();View类中相应方法：/由无模式对话框设置设备环境属性void CGDI_ExeView:OnApply() m_lPen.lopnWidth.x = pDlg-m_nWeight;POSITION pos;pos = m_mapMode.GetStartPosition();while (pos != NULL)CString szMapMode;int nMapMode;m_mapMode.GetNextAssoc(pos,nMapMode,szMapMode);if (szMapMode = pDlg-m_strMode)if(m_nMapMode != nMapMode)m_nMapMode = nMapMode;m_bSelected = FALSE;break;pos = m_mapPen.GetStartPosition();while (pos != NULL)CString szPenStyle;int nPenStyle;m_mapPen.GetNextAssoc(pos,nPenStyle,szPenStyle);if (szPenStyle = pDlg-m_strPStyle)m_lPen.lopnStyle= nPenStyle;break;pos = m_mapBrush.GetStartPosition();while (pos != NULL)CString szBrushStyle;int nBrushStyle;m_mapBrush.GetNextAssoc(pos,nBrushStyle,szBrushStyle);if (szBrushStyle = pDlg-m_strBStyle)m_lBrush.lbStyle= nBrushStyle;break;pos = m_mapHBrush.GetStartPosition();while (pos != NULL)CString szHBrushStyle;int nHBrushStyle;m_mapHBrush.GetNextAssoc(pos,nHBrushStyle,szHBrushStyle);if (szHBrushStyle = pDlg-m_strHBrush)m_lBrush.lbHatch= nHBrushStyle;break;Invalidate();View类中窗口-视口坐标转换方法：/窗口-视图坐标变换函数void ClientToDoc(CPoint& point);void ClientToDoc(CRect& rect);void DocToClient(CPoint& point);void DocToClient(CRect& rect);其它对话框初始化、控件消息响应代码请参考示例程序GDI_Exe。四、 运行程序，观察通过无模式对话框设置绘图设备环境的文字显示效果。五、 添加绘图的鼠标工具类和对绘图工具条消息的处理，重载View类的鼠标消息，调用鼠标工具。View类中对选择工具的数据项添加，注意对变量的初始化也要加到构造函数中：/用于单选操作的变量BOOL m_bSelected;DrawShape m_selectType;CRect m_rectSelect;CDrawPolygon m_polygonSelect;鼠标工具类的具体代码请参考例程，View类中对鼠标消息的重载示例如下：void CGDI_ExeView:OnButtonSelect() / TODO: Add your command handler code hereCDrawTool:c_drawShape = selection;void CGDI_ExeView:OnButtonLine() / TODO: Add your command handler code hereCDrawTool:c_drawShape = line;void CGDI_ExeView:OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) / TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call defaultCDrawTool* pTool = CDrawTool:FindTool(CDrawTool:c_drawShape);if (pTool != NULL)pTool-OnLButtonDown(this, nFlags, point);/CView:OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);六、 运行程序，看看绘图工具能否正常使用，并通过设置画笔、画刷的属性看看绘图效果。七、 完善细节，比如对选择后显示被选中物体句柄的处理，对工具条ON_COMMAND_UI类型消息的响应。/画被选中图形的选中句柄void CGDI_ExeView:DrawSelectionObj()CClientDC dc(this);CPoint handle;int w = m_lPen.lopnWidth.x/2 + 3;int w2 = 2*w;CRect rbound;switch(m_selectType)case ellipse:dc.DrawFocusRect(m_rectSelect);case rectangle:handle.x = m_rectSelect.left;handle.y = m_rectSelect.bottom;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2, DSTINVERT);handle.x = m_rectSelect.left;handle.y = m_rectSelect.top;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2, DSTINVERT);handle.x = m_rectSelect.right;handle.y = m_rectSelect.bottom;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2, DSTINVERT);handle.x = m_rectSelect.right;handle.y = m_rectSelect.top;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2, DSTINVERT);break;case line:handle.x = m_rectSelect.left;handle.y = m_rectSelect.top;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2, DSTINVERT);handle.x = m_rectSelect.right;handle.y = m_rectSelect.bottom;dc.PatBlt(handle.x - w, handle.y - w, w2, w2,