武科大机械专业英语L(1).ppt

Lesson 3 Overview of Engineering Mechanics,Terminology Text tour,2019/5/5,1,机械工程专业英语教程,Terminology,2019/5/5,2,机械工程专业英语教程,Interactive : Acting or capable of acting on each other 互相作用的或能互相作用的 Iterative : Characterized by or involving repetition, recurrence, reiteration, or repetitiousness 重复的, 反复的, 迭代的：以反复、循环、重述或重复为特征的，或与之相关的,Terminology,2019/5/5,3,机械工程专业英语教程,Pinpoint: 精确地定位或确认 To locate or identify with precision 精确地定位或确认 Equilibrium : A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system 平衡，均衡：一种所有动作的影响都互相抵消，整个系统处于平稳的、均势的、不变的状态。,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,Tractable : Easily handled or worked 易于处理或操作的 Order of magnitude: A range of values between a designated lower value and an upper value ten times as large, such as the masses of Earth and the sun differ by five orders of magnitude 数量级：处于相差10倍的两个数值之间的那一段数值的范围。例如，地球与太阳的质量相差五个数量级。,4,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,ceramics:陶瓷，陶瓷材料 meld :=merge:融合，汇合，组合，配合 Fastening :连接，紧固件，连接物 Strength of materials:材料力学,5,As we look around us we see a world full of “things”: Machines, devices, tools; things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, look better, or are easier to use.,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,Text tour,6,Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived（理解、察觉） by the designersthat is, it has been designed so as to answer the question, “Exactly what function should it perform?”1 1. so as to 意为“使得，如此，以至于”。,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,7,全句可译为： 然而，在理想的情况下，每一件产品都是设计人员根据其对某些“功能要求”的理解而设计出来的，也就是说，在设计过程中，应该回答这样的问题，即“它应该具有那种确切的功能？”,In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure, etc. From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding（配合） of materials, dimensions, and fastenings （紧固件）to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable lifetime.,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,8,In practice, the engineering mechanics methods are used in two quite different ways: (1) The development of any new device requires an interactive, iterative（反复的） consideration of form, size, materials, loads, durability（耐久性）, safety, and cost. (2) When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint（确认） the cause of failure and to identify potential（潜在的） corrective measures.2 Our best designs often evolve through a successive elimination （逐渐减少）of weak points. 2. carry out 意为“进行，完成”，correct measure 意为“改正措施”。,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,9,全句可译为：当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。,In any “real” problem there is never sufficient good, useful information; we seldom know the actual loads and operating conditions with any precision（精密）, and the analyses are seldom exact.3 While our mathematics may be precise, the overall analysis is generally only approximate, and different skilled people can obtain different solutions. 3. operating condition 意为“工作状态，工作条件”。,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,10,全句可译为：对于任何实际的问题，总是缺乏足够完整和有用的信息。我们很少准确地知道实际荷载和工作状态，因此，所做的分析工作也很少是精确的。,In the study of engineering mechanics, most of the problems will be sufficiently “idealized” to permit unique solutions ,but it should be clear that the “real world” is far less idealized ,and that you usually will have to perform some idealization in order to obtain a solution.,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,11,The technical areas we will consider are frequently called “ statics ” and “strength of materials（材料力学）”, “ statics ” referring to the study of force acting on stationary devices , and “strength of materials” referring to the effects of those on the structure (deformations, load limits ,etc.),机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,12,In engineering mechanics, we appreciate（理解） the various types of approximations（近似法） that are inherent in any real problem:4 be inherent in 意为“为所固有，是的固有性质”。,13,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,全句可译为：在工程力学中，我们非常重视与实际问题本质有关的各种类型的近似方法。,Primarily, we will be discussing things which are in “equilibrium,” i.e., not accelerating. However, if we look closely enough, everything is accelerating. We will consider many structural members to be “weightless”but they never are. We will deal with forces that act at a “point” but all forces act over an area. We will consider some parts to be “rigid”but all bodies will deform under load.,14,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,We will make many assumptions that clearly are false（？）. But these assumptions should always render（提出，描绘） the problem easier, more tractable（已处理的，易加工的）. You will discover that the goal is to make as many simplifying assumptions as possible without seriously degrading the result.,15,机械工程专业英语教程,2019/5/5,Generally there is no clear method to determine how completely, or how precisely, to treat a problem: If our analysis is too simple, we may not get a pertinent