2018_2019学年高中英语Unit4CyberspaceSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠWarm_up.docx

Section Language Points ()(Warmup & Lesson 1)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1. The enemy attacked(攻击) our airport last night.2He was addicted to computer games，which affected(影响) his study，and his grade declined rapidly(迅速地). 3He should combine entertainment(娱乐) with study.4There is no reason to be pessimistic(悲观的) about the future.5This event harmed(损害) the relations between the two countries.6When she knew the result of her exam，smile disappeared from her face.7We offered him 8，000 dollars for the house.8The plane crashed into the mountain，but luckily the pilot survived.9With the development of industry，global warming is becoming a more and more serious problem.10How can you do as he wishes when hes obviously wrong?.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1crime n犯罪；罪行criminal n罪犯2growth n增长；生长grow vt.& vi.生长；种植；成长3harm vt.& n伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的4disappear vi.消失appear vi.出现；显得；似乎5global adj.全球的，全世界的globe n地球，世界6reality n真实，现实real adj.真实的，真正的really adv.真实地，确实dis(不，否，非) v. vn. al adj.dislike v不喜欢disagree v不同意disappear v从视线中消失national adj.国家的，全国性的，民族的traditional adj.传统的musical adj.音乐的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1make up组成；编造；弥补；化妆2come true 变成现实；实现3find out 发现，查出，弄清楚4be optimistic about 对乐观5get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)6take immediate action 立即采取行动7believe in 信任，信仰8in chaos 混乱.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1She is optimistic about her sons future now.2He wants to visit the Great Wall but it hasnt come true yet.3Can you find out what time the meeting starts?4Nowadays，the children get into the bad habit of turning on the TV as soon as they come back from school.v. up 动词短语in n 介词短语eat up 吃光use up 用完get up起床in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中in advance 在前头，事先，预先in charge 主管，掌管，看管.经典句式仿写背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.In the last thirty years，the Internet has grown rapidly.在过去的三十年里，互联网快速发展。“in the last一段时间”常与现在完成时连用In the last thirty years，great changes have taken place in our country.在过去的三十年里，我们的国家发生了巨大的变化。2.“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”“很显然，我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。”It is adj.that .，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句It is clear that shopping online has affected our daily life now.很明显，现在网购已经影响了我们的日常生活。3.Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.一些专家认为我们未来的世界将会处于虚拟现实中，即计算机通过声音和图象模拟现实，以使人感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。as if/though “好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。核 心 要 点 探 究 reality n真实，现实(教材P7)Read about the Internet and virtual reality.读一下关于网络和虚拟现实的文章。(1)bring sb.back to reality 使某人面对现实in reality 事实上；实际上(2)realize vt. 实现，认识到His stay among the mountains brought him back to reality.待在山区休养让他回归了现实。We thought they had come to repair the phone，but in reality they were burglars.我们以为他们是来修理电话的，实际上他们是贼。She never realized(realize)her ambition of winning an Olympic gold medal.她一直未能实现赢取奥运会金牌的抱负。 make up组成；构成；编造；弥补；化妆；和好(教材P7)19772004The movies that make up Star Wars are about wars in space.19772004年组成星球大战系列的电影都是关于太空大战的。写出下列句子中make up的意思Women always spend some time in making themselves up before going out.化妆Our teacher asked us to make up some sentences using the given words.编造The couple quarreled with each other but soon made up.和好(1)make up for弥补(2)eat up 吃光end up 结束break up 破裂，分解bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐pick up 拾起；接收；学会；(用车)接take up 拿起；占据Caroline doesnt have a natural talent for music but she makes up for it with hard work.卡罗琳的音乐天分不高，但她的刻苦弥补了不足。 She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。 come true(愿望、梦想)实现(教材P7)What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true？你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实？come into being形成；产生come to an end 结束come about 产生；发生come across 偶然遇见come up with 提出come out 出来；出版；发芽(不用于被动语态)We do not know when this world came into being.我们不知道世界是何时形成的。When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadnt seen for years.在街上行走的时候，我偶然遇到戴维，我已经好几年没有看到他了。Is that the best excuse you can come up with?那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？ flood n洪水，水灾 vt.& vi.淹没(教材P7)Global warming causes world flooding.全球变暖引起了洪水在全世界范围内的泛滥。(1)a flood of/floods of大量的；大批的(2)be flooded with 大量收到；充满flood in/into 大量涌入flood out of 蜂拥而出(3)in flood 在泛滥If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.如果你家没有足够的窗光，请用更多的灯使家里明亮起来。The River Nile used to be in flood regularly every year.尼罗河以前每年都定期泛滥。The market in the area is often flooded with cheap or false goods.这个地区的市场经常充满廉价或假冒的商品。 harm vt.& n伤害，损害(教材P8).someone who does terrible things to harm countries，governments and people制造恐怖事件来伤害国家、政府和人民的人(1)do harm to sb.do sb.harm 损害某人；对某人有害(2)harmless adj. 无害的(3)harmful adj. 有害的be harmful to 对有害Smoking does great harm to your health.吸烟有害健康。If we know that gossip can be harmful(harm)，then why do so many of us do it?如果我们知道闲言可能有害，那么为什么我们那么多人还说呢？ (教材P8)Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.彼得泰勒发现计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。(1)find out找出，发现，查明Scientists are trying to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars.科学家们一直在试图弄清火星上是否有生命。明辨异同find/find outfind意为“找到，发现”，通常表示无意找而发现，可接复合宾语，通常指找到某个具体的东西或人。find out通常指经过努力去“找出，发现，查清”，不能接复合宾语，通常指查明某个真相，发现某种规律等抽象的东西。 find，find outHe found a wallet when he crossed the street.I have found the best way to give advice to children is to find out what they want to do and then advise them to do it.(2)affect vt.影响Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.技术变革无处不在，影响到生活的方方面面，多数情况下是为了更好。明辨异同affect/effect/influenceaffect作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。effect作名词，指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on.中，表示“对有影响”。influence既作动词又作名词。注重影响的结果，多指通过行动、榜样等对他人产生潜移默化的影响或作用，且多指正面的影响。affect，effect，influenceDrinking too much has a bad effect on your health，so give up drinking to prevent alcohol affecting your body.Under his parents influence，Paul became greatly interested in stories of travel. (教材P8)In the last thirty years，the Internet has grown rapidly.在过去的三十年里，互联网快速发展。【要点提炼】in/during/over the last/past.等表示时间的短语常和现在完成时连用。The prices of the houses have gone up a lot during the last three years.在过去的三年中房价涨了很多。recently，lately，so far，until now，up to now，by now，(ever)since等也是现在完成时的标志性时间状语。So far more than 350，000 people have returned(return) home. 迄今已有35万多人返回了家园。 attack n& vt.进攻，攻击(教材P8)In the future，terrorists may “attack” the worlds computers，cause chaos，and make planes and trains crash.将来，恐怖分子可能会攻击全世界的计算机，造成混乱，导致飞机和火车相撞的事故。Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.公园里的游客只能待在车里观光，因为野生动物可能会凶猛地发起攻击。(1)under attack受到攻击come under attack 遭到攻击/抨击launch/make an attack on 对发起进攻(2)attack sb./sth.with sth. 用某物攻击某人/某物be attacked with(a disease) 患/得(病)Once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes.我们再一次遭到敌军战斗机的袭击。Jacks grandmother was attacked with heart disease.杰克的奶奶患心脏病。 offer n& vt.优惠；提供，提议(教材P8)Already，users can buy books，find out about holiday offers，book tickets，and get all sorts of information from the Internet.用户已经能够从网上购书，查假日特惠价，订票以及获取各种各样的信息。(1)offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事(2)make an offer 开价，出价They promised to offer him a very good job but he turned it down.他们答应给他提供一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。Susans father offered to pick(pick)us up after work.苏珊的父亲主动提出来下班后来接我们。Days later，we made an offerfar below the asking price.几天后，我们出了个价，远比要的价格低很多。 (教材P8).it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.很显然，我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。【要点提炼】句中结构为It is形容词that从句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句，而且此处的it不可用this，that等词来代替。在英语中，只有it可作形式主语。Its surprising what people will do for money.人为了钱什么都做得出来，想想真令人愕然。(1)在It is necessary/important/strange/natural/impossible/essential.that.中，从句中的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should可省略。(2)It takes sb.some time to do sth.(3)Itbe名词性词组/形容词(no good，no use，a waste of.)doing sth.(4)Itbe形容词(easy，difficult，kind，nice.)(for/of sb./sth.)to do sth.(5)Itbe过去分词(announced，believed，reported，said.)that从句(6)Itbe名词词组(a pity，no wonder.)that从句(7)It is time that从句(从句中多用一般过去时，表示虚拟语气)It is important that we(should)discuss(discuss)the plan.重要的是我们该讨论这个计划。It is no use arguing(argue) with the people who wont see reason. 与不讲理的人争论毫无用处。 (教材P8)Some experts see our future in virtual reality the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.一些专家认为我们未来的世界将会处于虚拟现实中，即计算机通过声音和图像模拟现实，以使人感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。【要点提炼】as if/though好像，仿佛，常用在look，seem等后引导表语从句；as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。as if/though引导的从句的语气有以下两种情况：(1)当说话者认为句子所述是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用陈述语气。(2)当说话者认为句子所述是不真实的或发生或存在的可能性很小的情况时，从句用虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用“had过去分词”；表示将来发生的可能性不大，从句的谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。It seems as if/though it is going to rain.天似乎要下雨了。Weve lit up the night as if it were(be) an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.我们已经照亮了夜晚，就好像它是一个无人居住的国家，然而事实并非如此。She behaved as if nothing had happened(happen)她表现得好像什么事情也没发生过一样。 obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的(教材P9)It is obvious that this destruction will become more dangerous in the future.很明显这种破坏在将来会变得更加危险。(1)be obvious to sb.对某人来说显而易见It is obvious that. 很明显(2)obviously adv. 显然地，明显地It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.很明显，许多咖啡的生长方式影响生活的许多方面，从本地环境到全局生态。Obviously(obvious)youre suffering from jet lag.很显然你在遭受时差反应的折磨。解构长句难句1(教材P8) She also believes that，in the future，we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.【分析】本句是一个复合句，主句是she also believes，后面是两个由that引导的宾语从句。【翻译】她还确信，我们将来可以在网上进行娱乐活动，而且那时电视将很可能不复存在。2(教材P8)Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.【分析】本句是一个复合句，破折号后的成分作virtual reality的同位语。同位语中that引导定语从句，as if引导表语从句。【翻译】一些专家认为我们未来的世界将会处于虚拟现实中，即计算机通过声音和图像模拟现实，以使人感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1The harm that gas does to humans in wars is great.2He offered to lead (lead) us out of the forest but we refused him. 3We are interested in the weather because it affects (affect) us so directly.4Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.5Ive got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.6I watched him until he disappeared (appear) from sight in the distance.7You should give Bob a ring.You havent been in touch with him for ages.8Organizations of all kinds now recognize the Internet as an effective means for global (globe) communication. .单句改错1The movie，which is named The Day after Tomorrow, is for global warming.for about2. A hacker is someone who does terribly things to harm countries，governments and people.terriblyterrible3. Who finds out how computers and Internet are going to affect our lives？and后加the4. The movies that make up Star Wars are about wars in the space.去掉第二个the5. Maybe they can attack the worlds computers，causing chaos，and make planes and trains crash.causingcause.完成句子1你帮我学英语真是太好了。It is very kind of you to help me with my English2到了我们该采取有效措施来保护环境的时候了。It is time that we took/(should)take effective measures to protect our environment.3贝蒂对待这位老人如同自己的亲生父亲一样。Betty treated the old man as if/though he were her own father4他昨天居然没有来，真是太奇怪了。Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.5近三年来，孩子们已取得了很大的进步。In the past three years the children have made great progress语 法 专 项 突 破will和be going to表示将来先观察教材原句后自主感悟Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.In 1983，there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.She also believes that，in the future，we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.Personally，I think virtual reality will become a part of modern life.1.例句、中使用的是“be going to动词原形”表示将来，都表示有迹象表明即将发生的动作或出现的情况，通常表示很快就要发生。2.例句、中使用的是“will动词原形”表示将来，都表示说话人的猜测。精要点拨一、will动词原形1表示单纯的将来，用于第一、第二、第三人称。可表示较近的或较远的将来。Hell come back soon.他很快就会回来。The new law will come into force next spring.新法律将在明年春天生效。2表示一种倾向或习惯性的动作。Every Sunday，we will go hiking.每个星期天，我们都会去远足。Hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.如果你让他说，他会说上几个小时。3.表示说话人的意愿、希望、命令、请求等。You will do as I tell you.你得按我说的做。China will become one of the richest countries in the world.中国将会成为世界上最富有的国家之一。4表示说话人的猜测。She will be all right after taking the medicine.服了药后她会好起来的。5.表示临时决定。Wait a moment.I will go to open the door for you.稍等一会，我这就给你开门。即时演练1单句语法填空It will be (be) my birthday tomorrow.I believe he will give (give) you another chance.My God! I forgot to pick up my friend.I will go (go) to the airport at once.二、be going to动词原形1表示事先考虑后决定做某事，通常译为“打算，准备”。Im going to sell this old car and buy a new one.我打算卖掉这辆旧车，然后买辆新的。2.表示有迹象表明即将发生的动作或出现的情况，通常表示很快就要发生。Look at these dark cloudstheres going to be a storm.看看这些乌云暴风雨就要来了。明辨异同will/be going towill常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，可以指遥远的将来；只表示单纯的将来，无按规定或计划之意。be going to指某事情肯定会发生，常表示事情很快就要发生；可以表示打算做某事，会有主观意愿，也可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，也可用来表示自然现象。即时演练2单句语法填空Look at those flowers! They are going to die(die)Peter is going to be(be) a policeman when he grows up.三、表示将来