版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom讲义新人教版必修506176.doc

Unit 2The United Kingdom重点单词1clarify vt.澄清；阐明2accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现3unwilling adj.不愿意的；不乐意的 4currency n货币；通货5institution n制度；机制；公共机构 6enjoyable adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的7opportunity n机会；时机 8plus prep.加上；和adj.加的；正的；零上的9fold vt.折叠；对折 10sightseeing n观光；游览11royal adj.王室的；皇家的；高贵的 12splendid adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的13statue n塑像；雕像 14imaginary adj.想象中的；假想的；虚构的15error n错误；过失；谬误 16tense n时态adj.紧张的17unite vi.& vt.联合；团结united adj.团结的；联合的union n联合；联盟；结合；协会18consist vi.组成；在于；一致consistent adj.一致的；坚持的19convenience n便利；方便convenient adj.便利的；方便的20rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地21attract vt.吸引；引起注意attraction n吸引；吸引力attractive adj.有吸引力的22collection n收藏品；珍藏；收集collect vt.& vi.收集；募捐23administration n管理；行政部门administrate vt.管理；支配24description n描写；描述describe vt.描述；形容；描绘25furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的furnish vt.提供；装备；布置furniture n家具；设备26arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理arrangement n安排；准备工作27delight n快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的delightful adj.令人高兴的28thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊thrilling adj.令人激动的；毛骨悚然的thrilled adj.感到激动的；极为兴奋的 重点短语1consist_of 由组成2divideinto 把分成3break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 4to_ones_credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下5leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 6take_the_place_of 代替7break_down (机器)损坏；破坏 8keep_ones_eyes_open 密切关注9make_a_list_of 列的清单 10in_memory_of 纪念重点句型1findsb/sth过去分词Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(教材P10)2状语从句中省略主语和be动词的情况It looked splendid when first built! (教材P14)3Itbe/seem(s/ed)adj.that句型It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(教材P14)语法要点过去分词作宾语补足语You find most of the population settled in the south, (教材P10)1consistvi.组成；在于；一致How many countries does the UK consist of? (教材P9)英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？(1)consist of(be made up/composed of) 由组成，由构成；包括(不用于被动语态和进行时态)(2)consist in 在于；存在于(3)Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle.生活主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。If what you say is not consistent (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子有不良影响。Learning and personality do not always consist together.学问与人格并不总是相一致的。2convenience n便利，方便；便利的事物；便利设施England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(教材P10)在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致分为三个地区。(1)(2)(3)We can meet to discuss this further at your convenience.我们可以在你方便时会面以进一步讨论此事。Nowadays, it is convenient (convenience) for us to travel around.如今，我们到各地旅游是很方便的。【提示】 convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。3attract vt.吸引；引起注意 It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(教材P10)可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。(1)attract(2)attractive adj.有吸引力的；诱人的；引起兴趣的(3)attraction n吸引；吸引人的事物；吸引力Our level of attraction (attract) to the opposite sex has more to do with our inner confidence than how we look.我们对异性的吸引程度更多的来自内在的自信，而不是长相。Smoking is still attractive (attract) to many young people who see it as charming.吸烟对很多年轻人还是很有诱惑力，他们觉得这让自己显得魅力十足。What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel abroad.这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会出国旅行。4arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理 They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company.(教材P13)他们没有时间筹备婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为筹备。(1)arrange(2)Ive arranged for a teacher to_help (help) your son with his English.我已安排了一位老师帮助你儿子学英语。Our college is to make arrangements (arrange) for the meeting.我们学院将负责筹办这次会议。【提示】 (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb to do sth而不用arrange sb to do sth。(2)make arrangements (for sth/for sb to do sth)中的arrangement常用复数形式。5delightn快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜Her first delight was going to the Tower.(教材P14)她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。(1)(2)delight in (doing) sth以(做)某事为乐(3)LeBron James made a fist and roared with delight after he managed the winning threepoint shot.勒布朗詹姆斯在成功投中制胜三分球后握拳并高兴地吼叫。What delighted (delight) me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。To her great delight, she passed the examination with firstclass honors.以优异的成绩通过考试使她极为高兴。We are delighted to have him here with us again.我们非常高兴他又和我们在一起了。1divideinto把分成England can be divided into three main areas.(教材P9)英格兰可以被划分为三个主要地区。(1)divide(2)be divided about/on/over 对有分歧【比较网站】divideinto常指把某个整体划分为若干部分separatefrom表示“将与分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来Divide ten by two, and you get five.10除以2得5。They are divided into dozens of ethnic groups, but they share some general patterns of living and culture. 他们被分为许多种民族群体，但是他们有一些共同的生活模式和文化。Students in our class are_divided (divide) about the question, and they are now in heated discussion.我们班的学生对这个问题有分歧，他们现在正热烈讨论。The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones.孩子们正在把好苹果和坏苹果分开。2break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.(教材P10)然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿组建联合王国，它分离出去，并建立了自己的政府。break down (机器等)出故障；(身体)垮掉；崩溃(会谈、合作等)破裂，失败；(化学)分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话)；插嘴break into 闯入；突然起来(后接tears, laughter等)break off 中断；打断；断绝(关系)；解除(婚约等)break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)发生；逃出(监狱)break through 突围；突破break up 结束；解散；分手；(冰)解冻；(关系等)破裂 What can we do to help them to break away from the difficult situation?我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.她听到那个消息就崩溃了，但很快就恢复了过来。Dont break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候，别打断他。Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。3leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑The Union Jack flag unites the flags of three countries in the United Kingdom. Which country is left out? (教材P11)英国国旗结合了英联邦三个国家的旗帜。哪个国家被遗漏了？【一词多义】 写出下列句中leave out的含义。His name is left out of the membership list. 划掉Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party.漏掉We left out the possibility of his coming for the party. 没有考虑leave alone 不管；撇下一个人leave aside (把某事)搁置一边leave behind 遗忘；留下，遗留leave for 动身到(某处)leave off 停止；中断They leave their daughter alone in the house on weekdays.平时他们把女儿独自留在家中。4take the place of代替All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and in different situations.(教材P12)下面所有的词都能代替动词“said”，但它们用于不同的情况和语境中。(1)take(2)inIll take the place of my father to run the company.Ill take my fathers place to run the company.我将代替我父亲管理公司。The latest round of talks took place in late February.最近一轮对话是在二月下旬进行的。Robots can now do such dangerous jobs in place of human beings.机器人现在可以代替人类做这类危险工作。1状语从句中省略主语和be 动词的情况It looked splendid when first built！(教材P14)刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！【句式点拨】当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有动词be时，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉。Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the road.(when现在分词)过马路时要注意车辆。Metals expand when (they are) heated.(when过去分词)金属加热时会膨胀。When (you are) in trouble, ask him for help.(when介词短语)遇到困难时可向他求助。As (she was) a girl, she wrote a novel. (as名词/名词短语)当她还是个女孩时，她写了一部小说。2Itbe/seem(s/ed)adj.that句型It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(教材P14)这似乎是一件怪事，这个发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世。【句式点拨】句中it作形式主语， that 引导的从句为主语从句，在主语从句中who had developed communism为定语从句。句中It seemed strange that意为“似乎有点儿奇怪”，that从句中的should意为“竟然”，should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。在以下两种句型中，主语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。(1)It is/was strange/important/necessary/natural/surprisingthat(2)It is/was a pity/a shame/a surprise/an honour/no wonder thatIt is strange that a wellbehaved gentleman (should)_be (be) so rude to a lady.奇怪的是一位品行端正的绅士竟然对一位女士这样无礼。It is necessary that he (should)_work (work) hard or he will fail to pass the College Entrance Examination.他努力学习是必要的，否则他就考不上大学。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1In fact, a persons value consistsin whether his/her existence is important to others.2This is what I proposed and I do look forward to receiving your reply at your convenience.3What delighted (delight) the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.4Heclarified (clarify) his stand on the issue and then all the representatives supported him.5With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good arrangements (arrange) for it.6I think this is perhaps the most enjoyable (enjoy) occasion we have ever had at the White House.7There is no possibility (possible) that he can finish the task in such a short time.8When Lily was born, we gave her elder sister Emma a baby doll so she wouldnt feel left out. 9It is particularly thrilling (thrill) when, after a long and hard struggle, my students and I have experienced the breakthrough.10It is roughly (rough) calculated that the income from visitors viewing cherry blossoms in Wuhan University is over one million yuan. .单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior of hearing, understanding and remembering.2. into many special interest groups, the students are offered a flexible schedule at present to carry out the plan. 3It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we have not lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.4In order to pretend that he was very rich, he rented a beautiful office and had it with antiques. 5Rainbow Valley is great tourist attraction, drawing many visitors every year.6The vase, which she accepted for her birthday yesterday, was said to have been bought from a rich businessman. 7Firecracker is the symbol of happiness in Chinese tradition, but people still can use other things to take place of firecracker.8When he set foot in the sleeping room, he found the clothing well on his bed and his mother asked him to lay the table for dinner.9With their marriage down, they separated and had occasional chats online and communicated on the phone when necessary. 10Dont worry! I have arranged my secretary to pick you up at the airport.课文语法填空Britain 1consists (consist) of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, among which, England is the largest. Wales, which 2was_linked (link) to England in the thirteenth century, is now found 3included (include) as well. Scotland, Wales and England were joined together to form “Great Britain”. Later, the English government set up the United Kingdom by 4getting (get) Ireland connected. 5Unwilling (willing) to join, Southern Ireland broke away to form its own government.To their credit, the four countries work together in many fields. But on the other hand, they keep their own features. They have different 6educational (education) and legal systems as well as football teams for competitions.For 7convenience (convenient), England is divided roughly into three zones: the South, the Midlands and the North, containing industrial cities and worldfamous football teams. Besides its central position, 8what is special about London is its museums, art collections, theatres, parks, buildings, the oldest port built in the first century AD and the oldest castle 9constructed (construct) by later Norman invaders. In fact, London was influenced by invaders greatly, who enlarged its vocabulary and left castles behind after they went away. To make your trip to the UK 10enjoyable (enjoy) and worthwhile, youd better keep your eyes open and notice evidence of all the invaders in the UK.阅读理解A(状元桥原创)The British drinking cultureI first met alcohol in the late 1980s. It was the morning after one of my parents parties. My sister and I, aged 9 or 10, were up alone. We were searching for abandoned cans. I remember being methodical(有方法的): pick one up, give it a shake to see if theres anything inside, and if there is, drink! I can still remember the warm taste of the beer on my tongue. In my midteens, I started to drink more often. I found that drinking made being a human easier. Drinking meant I could talk to people more easily, sometimes even dance. After I graduated, I found myself in a new city but with the same habits. I ended one night by getting drunk. The next morning I had a black eye and a need for a tetanus injection(破伤风注射). I didnt feel that I had a problem with alcohol, nor did any of my friends. We got drunk, and then suffered the consequences. We were just doing what young people did. But recently, with nearly 20 years of drinking, I started to wonder if my generations relationship with alcohol was abnormal. When I looked into the numbers, I realized that it was. I discovered that 2004 was Peak_Booze:_the year when Brits drank more than they had done for a century. No other generation drank so much in their early twenties. Why us?In 1950, Brits drank an average of39 liters(公升) per person. Then, in 1960, it began to move upward. The climb became steadier during the 1970s. However, the rising trend ended in 1980, but that turned out to be temporary. By the late 1990s, consumption was rising rapidly again. In 2004, we were drinking95 liters of alcohol per person. For many of us nowadays, its still normal to go to the bar after work on Friday. We drink maybe because were happy or sad. Today the drinking commercials are more tightly regulated, but the winesponsored TV cooking contest and beerbranded soccer shirt are here, reminding us that alcohol is a normal part of everyday life.语篇导读本文为说明文。英国的饮酒文化历史悠久，也影响着一代又一代的人。1How did the writer begin his first attempt at drinking?ABy drinking with his sister at the mercy of their parents.BBy drinking the beer in the abandoned cans after a party.CBy drinking at random with their teen mates after school.DBy drinking the beer bought with the pocket money given to them.解析 B细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知B项正确。2What do we know about the writer according to the second paragraph?AThe writer was a little premature.BThe writer had difficulty getting on with others.CThe writer used to get drunk when he was young.DThe writer dropped out of school due to drinking too much.解析 C细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者年轻时习惯夜里喝醉，第二天早上，有黑眼圈，需要破伤风注射，故选C项。3How does the writer develop his idea in the fourth paragraph?ABy showing examples.BBy analyzing data.CBy classifying figures.DBy tracing the time order.解析 D篇章结构题。 作者主要通过列举不同时期英国人喝酒的量来告诉读者一个客观事实，即：喝酒的量在英国基本上是呈上升的趋势。作者是按时间的顺序来写的，故选D项。 4What can we infer from the last paragraph?ADrinking advertisements are forbidden on TV in Britain.BThe British drinking culture is different from the past.CPeople go to the bar simply because they are happy or sad.DSmart businessmen can still plant their alcohol advertisements everywhere.解析 D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，尽管与酒相关的广告管理得更严了，但酒商通过赞助电视烹饪大赛和在足球衫上印商标等方式间接地做广告，故选D项。B(2018河北保定一中高三一检)If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you，then it doesnt change you.We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.5._ So challenge the following limits：Figure out what youre scared of and do it continuously.If youre a salesman, and youre scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking youll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.6_ But dont stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, “Go on, Im not scared！”7_Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.8_ A simple 9minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight，but also make you feel better about yourself.Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.Dont just limit yourself to your fellow travelerstry to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people theyre going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.9_AYou should do it continuously.BSomeone may hang up on you.CYou dont need to go to the gym.DRunning in the gym may be a better choice.EStart to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.FTake a class for a hobby youve been wanting to develop.GYou can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.语篇导读本文为议论文。人如果不被挑战，就不会有进步。本文从培养兴趣、旅游和锻炼等几个方面来鼓励人们挑战自己。5解析 G转折关系。上文讲在生活中，我们需要一些正常范围内的压力。下文接着提出了建议：所以尝试着挑战以下的事情吧。after all具有转折的意味，G项(如果你一直待在你的舒适区，那么你将不会有任何提高)有承上启下，转折作用，故选G项。6解析 B顺承关系。这段主要讲推销员如何克服害怕和人说话的问题。上文讲到每天至少花5分钟去打一个电话，由下文的But dont stop on the first try！可知，前面应该是遇到了什么困难，所以下文才会出现鼓励的话语，hang up挂断电话，故选B项。7解析 F总分关系。本句是整段的总领句。根据下文可知，这段主要是讲在工作之外培养一个兴趣的好处。根据下文的taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income可知，F项(为你一直想培养的兴趣报一个兴趣班)符合题意，故选F项。8解析 C顺承关系。本段是讲，最好每天花至少9分钟来锻炼身体以及锻炼身体的好处。由下句可知，C项符合题意，此句起承上启下的作用，故选C项。9解析 E总分关系。该段讲的是旅行的好处，根据上文的Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class可知，最后这两句是对全文的总结，并提出想要提高自己所需要做的具体事情。上句是对锻炼和培养兴趣提出的建议，下句的建议则是和旅游相关的，故选E项。.完形填空It must have been after two oclock in the morning when the last guest took his leave. Though we had enjoyed their stay, my wife and I were quite_1_ to shut the door on them. We_2_ all the dirty dishes and glasses as they were, and after opening a few windows to let some_3_ air in and the smell of food out, we climbed int