2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning讲义北师大版必修5.docx

Unit 15 Learning (一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1drill n 练习，训练2motto n. 座右铭，格言3receiver n. 接收者4angle n. 角5triangle n. 三角形6atom n. 原子7spit vi. 吐痰，吐口水8spy n. 间谍，特务9kingdom n. 王国10facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备11choir n. 合唱队，合唱团12oxygen n. 氧气，氧13spelling n. 拼写14throat n. 咽喉，喉咙15postage n. 邮费16rank n. 职衔17shadow n. 阴影，影子18blank adj. 空白的.重点单词写其形1adapt vt. (使)适应2conventional adj. 传统的，保守的3vital adj. 极其重要的4punishment_n. 惩罚，处罚5lack_vt. 缺乏，没有6distinguish_vt. 区别，辨别7access_n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利8bury_vt. 埋葬9unwilling_adj. 不情愿的10thinking n. 思考，考虑11pour_vt. 灌，倒12select vt. 纵联1 挑选13reputation n. 名声，名誉14obey_vt. 服从，听从15outstanding_adj. 纵联2 杰出的，优秀的16acquire_vt. 纵联3 获得，得到17alternative adj. 非传统的；另类的18assignment n. 作业；工作，任务19correction n. 改正，改进20simplify vt. 纵联4 简化.拓展单词通其变1ignore vt.忽视，不顾ignorance n无知2suspect v怀疑suspicious adj.可疑的suspicion n怀疑，嫌疑3urge vt.力劝，强烈要求urgent adj.紧急的4instruct v教导，指导instruction n教育，指导instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的5reflect vt.反映；反射 vi.思考reflection n反射；反省；想法6worthwhile adj.值得努力的worthy adj.值得的worth adj.值得的 n价值7defence n保卫，保护defend v防御，保卫8assumption n假定，假设assume vt.假定，假设9inspire v鼓舞；启发inspiration n灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的10beneficial adj.有用的，有益的benefit v对有益，受惠n.利益11appreciation n欣赏appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激12approve v赞成；认可；满意approval n赞成；认可；满意纵联1.各种“选择”elect selectpick choose纵联2.“优秀”人才描绘词outstanding杰出的 excellent优秀的splendid极好的 firstclass第一流的talented/gifted有才能的 capable有能力的intelligent聪明的 brilliant卓越的纵联3.“学习过程”词汇集锦attend vt.参加；上学 concentrate vi.集中(精力)review vi.复习功课 acquire vt.获得，得到absorb vt.吸收；理解 grasp vt.理解；领会master vt.精通；掌握纵联4.以“ify”结尾的动词荟萃simplify简化 beautify美化purify净化 identify鉴定；识别出classify分类 horrify使恐惧单元话题学习与教育子话题1学习内容vocabulary n词汇 phrase n短语expression n表达 idiom n习语dialect n方言 accent n口音pronunciation n发音 usage n用法子话题2学习过程dictation n听写 recite v背诵comprehension n理解 memorize vt.记忆preview vt.预习 analyze vt.分析assessment n评估 summarize vt.总结debate v辩论 review vt.复习classify vt.分类 accumulate v积累子话题3学习结果abundant adj.充足的 achievement n成就fluency n流利 accomplish vt.完成diploma n毕业文凭 scholarship n奖学金standard adj.标准的 accuracy n准确specific adj.明确的 excellent adj.极好的子话题4教育者及教育对象educator n教育工作者 professor n教授tutor n家庭教师，导师 headmaster n校长headteacher n班主任 graduate n大学毕业生学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015天津高考完形)“Sold！” said the owner. Then he explained: Hed seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that wed appreciate the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile； we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the (different) in the price “an early wedding present.”写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：appreciation写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：值得努力的用所给词的适当形式填空：difference2(2013陕西高考任务型阅读)Many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. Having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. Children get the opportunity to take full responsibility for another creatures life.It will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. There are psychological (心理的) benefits for children.Pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely.写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：outstanding用本单元的动词替换加黑词汇：acquire处应填介词：on写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：beneficial高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2015全国卷书面表达)既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。(worthwhile)Since_you_are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures,_I_think_it_is_well_worthwhile_experiencing/to_experience_this_festival.2(2014重庆高考书面表达)他们缺乏体育锻炼和面对面地与朋友或父母进行沟通的技巧。(lack)They_lack_physical_exercise_and_the_skill_to_communicate_face_to_face_with_their_friends_or_parents._3(2011江西高考书面表达)另外，骑自行车对我们来说是一种很好的锻炼方式，有益于我们的健康。(beneficial)Whats_more,_riding_bicycles_is_a_good_way_for_us_to_exercise_and_it_is_beneficial_to_our_health. (二)课堂重点释疑1suspect v怀疑；猜疑(通常不用于进行时)nC嫌疑犯，可疑分子记牢(1)suspect sb./sth. to be n/adj.怀疑/猜疑某人(某物)为suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的，令人怀疑的be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑练通单句语法填空She suspected her husband of taking her money.His behaviour that day made the police suspicious (suspect)The teacher was suspicious of/about the students furtive (偷偷摸摸的) behaviour during the exam.句型转换We suspect that he is ill, for we havent seen him for a long time.We suspect him to be ill,_for we havent seen him for a long time.完成句子I suspect_him_to_be the pickpocket whom the police are looking for.我怀疑他就是那个警方正在寻找的扒手。The police searched_the_suspect but found no weapon on him.警察搜查了嫌疑犯，但在他身上没有发现武器。写美句式升级Because she was suspected of being involved in the attempted murder, she was questioned by the police.(过去分词作状语)Suspected_of_being_involved_in_the_attempted_murder,_she_was_questioned_by_the_police.2instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令；告知，通知记牢(1)instruct sb. to do/in doing .命令某人做instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事instruct that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事(2)instruction n. C用法说明，操作指南；指示；命令；U指导；讲授(3)instructive adj. 有益的，有教育意义的；指导性的练通单句语法填空Those boys were instructed to_wait (wait) there.Great effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.It is the most instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.单句改错Be sure to follow the instruction printed on the back of the box, or it may do harm to your health.instructioninstructionsThe government instructed that more measures were taken to promote the employment.werebe一句多译经理命令我快速把文档打印出来。My_manager_instructed_me_to_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. to do sth.)My_manager_instructed_me_in_typing_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. in doing sth.)My_manager_instructed_that_I_(should)_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct that)写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)当我们指示它做某些事时，它会执行我们的命令。When_we_instruct_it_to_do_something,_it_will_carry_out_our_instructions.3distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征记牢(1)distinguish . from . 将与区别开distinguish between . and .(tell the difference between . and .) 区分和distinguish oneself (as .) (作为)表现突出(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for (be famous for) 因而出名distinguishing adj. 有区别的练通单句语法填空The twins are so alike; its difficult to distinguish one from the other.Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.The Chinese nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage.Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.句型转换It could make it hard for people to tell the difference between virtual reality and reality.It could make it hard for people to distinguish between virtual reality and reality.As is known to us, he is famous for his knowledge of science.As is known to us, he is distinguished for his knowledge of science.写美(2017全国卷书面表达)因为你是一位杰出的乒乓球选手，如果你能加入我们的团队并分享你的鼓舞人心的经验，我们将深感荣幸。As_youre_a_distinguished_table_tennis_player,_we_would_feel_deeply_honored_if_you_could_join_our_team_and_share_your_inspiring_experiences.4lack vt.缺乏，没有n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西记牢(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)lack for 需要，需求(常用于否定句)(2)(a) lack of . 缺乏for/through lack of 因缺乏(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)be lacking in sth. 缺少某物练通单句语法填空More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.He just graduated from the university last month, so he is lacking in working experience.Visitors are not permitted to enter the park after dark, because of the lack of lighting.They are so rich that they lack for nothing.句型转换They could not finish their work on time because they lack money.They could not finish their work on time for lack of money.Lacking in money,_they could not finish their work on time.用准(1)lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作不及物动词时常用介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语，常与in连用。写美(2013重庆高考书面表达)由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚(Yangtze Finless Porpoise)的数量正变得越来越少。For_lack_of_human_protection,_the_number_of_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoise_is_becoming_smaller_and_smaller._5access n入口，通路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利记牢(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to有权进入/使用，拥有的机会have no access to 没有的机会；无法接近give access to 接见；准许进入(接近)(2)accessible adj. 易到达的，易接近be accessible to 对而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的练通单句语法填空Women have no access to obtaining (obtain) education in old days.The legal aid system should be accessible (access) to more people.The old man tells me that the only access to the village is by boat.完成句子/一句多译(2018江苏高考)孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。Kids shouldnt_have_access_to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.在这个贫困地区实施希望工程之前，孩子们无法接受教育。Before the Project Hope was carried out in this poor area, children had_no_access_to_education.在我看来，孩子们应该有上网的机会。In my opinion, kids_should_have_access_to_the_Internet.(access)In my opinion, the_Internet_should_be_accessible_to_kids.(accessible)用准access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。写美(2017江苏高考书面表达)电影导演已经做了一些尝试，更多的观众可以接触到电影。Film_directors_have_made_some_attempts_to_make_films_accessible_to_a_wider_audience.6worthwhile adj.值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)记牢(1)worthwhile常用的结构：Its worthwhile做某事是值得的(2)worth 常用的结构：be worth(3)worthy常用的结构：be worthy值得做练通单句语法填空This article is well worth reading (read), but it is not worthy of being_translated/to_be_translated (translate)Sometimes I doubt whether its worthwhile to_study/studying (study) abroad for some Chinese students.一句多译他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worth_considering.(worth)His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_of_being_considered.(worthy)His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_to_be_considered.(worthy)It_is_worthwhile_to_consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile)用准worth一般只作表语，可用程度词well修饰，be worth doing主动形式表示被动意义；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。写美(2014浙江高考书面表达)读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们对社会和生活了解更多。Its_worthwhile_reading/to_read_literary_books_because_they_can_help_us_to_know_more_about_the_society_and_life.7approve vi.赞成；认可；同意vt.批准记牢(1)approve of赞成，赞许approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事approve of (ones) doing . 赞同/支持(某人)做approve (doing) sth. 批准(做)某事(2)approval n. 同意；批准meet with sb.s approval 得到某人的批准win/earn sb.s approval 取得某人的同意/赞成give approval to . 批准练通单句语法填空The majority of the senior citizens dont approve of the proposal of celebrating Western festivals in China.I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve)I approve of your trying (try) to make some money, but please dont neglect your studies.完成句子/一句多译他在学校表现不错，希望以此来得到父母的赞许。By doing well at school he hoped to win/earn_his_parents_approval.他不同意我今年离开学校。He_doesnt_approve_of_me_leaving_school_this_year.(approve of sb. doing sth.)He_doesnt_give_approval_to_my_leaving_school_this_year.(give approval to .)I_dont_meet_with_his_approval_to_leave_school_this_year.(meet with sb.s approval)用准要表达“赞成某人做某事”，不可直译成approve sb. to do .或在其后跟that从句，可用approve of sb.s doing sth.表达。写美(2015重庆高考书面表达)你的意见如何？你赞同我的观点吗？期待你的答复。What_about_your_opinion？Do_you_approve_of_my_opinion?_Looking_forward_to_your_reply.8urge vt.力劝；催促；强烈要求n.强烈的欲望，冲动记牢(1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 强烈要求某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事It is urged that .(should) do sth.坚决要求(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望(3)urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的练通单句语法填空I urged him to_write (write) a novel about the life we lived together in the country.Its urged that every effort (should)_be_made (make) to bring down house prices.The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.Father urged that I (should)_apologize (apologize) to my English teacher.Mr.Turner had an urge to_open (open) a shop of his own.Urged on by the crowd, the Italian team scored two more goals.一句多译随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。Our teacher urges_us_to_study_hard with the final exam drawing near.(urge sb. to do sth.)Our teacher urges_us_into_studying_hard with the final exam drawing near.(urge sb. into doing sth.)Our teacher urges_that_we_(should)_study_hard with the final exam drawing near.(urge that)用准urge后跟that从句时或在句型It is urged that .中，that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。写美(2013天津高考书面表达)因此，我主张组织一些活动，希望他们通过互相帮助来学习更多的知识，交更多的朋友。Thus,_I_urge_to_organize_some_activities,_hoping_that_they_will_learn_more_knowledge_and_make_more_friends_by_helping_each_other.9assume vt.假定，假设；认为记牢(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that . 人们认为(2)assumption n. 假定，假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that . 假定；在假定 的情况下(3)assuming (that) . 假设/假定练通单句语法填空It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.单句改错Assumed that you are right, well make a great deal of money from the project.AssumedAssumingWe are working on assumption that everyone invited will turn up.on后加the_句式升级People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)It_is_assumed_that_what_people_do_has_little_effect_on_the_environment.写美(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你对它感兴趣，请把邮件发至123456。Assuming you are interested in it, please send the email to 123456.10adapt vt.使适应；改编，改造记牢(1)adapt (oneself) to使适应于，适应(to是介词)(2)adapt sth.for sth. 改编为adapt sth.from 根据改编某物be adapted from 由而改编(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编(本)(4)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的练通单句语法填空When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to new manners and custom.The TV series Fantasy City is an adaptation (adapt) of Guo Jingmings novel of the same name.The film was adapted from one of Jin Yongs novels.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable (adapt)单句改错After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to live on my own.livelivingHe said that he was going to adapt his play from television.fromfor用准adapt的形近词为adopt, 其意为“采纳，采用，收养”。写美(2014江西高考书面表达)新生同学们，对你们大家来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。To_all_of_you,_fresh_students,_how_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_new_environment_is_the_first_thing_that_you_have_to_face.11inspire v鼓舞，鼓励；激发；启示；使产生(某种感觉或情感)记牢(1)inspire sb. to do sth.激励/鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth.inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人的(某种情感)(2)inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞(3)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的练通单句语法填空The teacher inspires his students to_give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.Music can make you laugh, cry or shout.Its also a great source of inspiration (inspire)I was inspired (inspire) to make a donation to the organization after the dinner.单句改错The lecture was so inspired that they were all excited.inspiredinspiringThe teachers words inspired us study even harder.study前加to一句多译他的一番鼓舞人心的话激起了我的信心。His encouraging remarks inspired_confidence_in_me. His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with_confidence.写美(2016北京高考书面表达)事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语，以便成为连接中国与世界的桥梁纽带。In_fact,_he_inspired_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.12bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏记牢be buried inbury oneself in埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面练通单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he wasnt aware that all the others had left.The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) her head in the book in her hands.She buried her face in her hands and was buried in thought when she heard she didnt pass the driving test.句式升级Because she buried herself in the film, she didnt know it was snowing outside.Burying_herself_in_the_film,_she_didnt_know_it_was_snowing_outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)Buried_in_the_film,_she_didnt_know_it_was_snowing_outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)写美(2015福建高考书面表达)在这幅图上，我们能看到一个小男孩借助从墙洞里穿过来的一缕微弱的光线专心于阅读中。In_the_picture,_we_can_see_a_boy_buried_himself_in_reading_by_a_weak_ray_of_light_coming_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall.联想表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted/addicted tobe lost/engaged/absorbed infix/concentrate ones attention on词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1Two suspects (嫌疑犯) in connection with the case are now being investigated.2Alternative (非传统的) treatments can provide a useful backup to conventional treatment.3One will fall behind the times if one does not acquire (获得) new knowledge.4The current health care reform is beneficial (有益的) to peasants.5Either she didnt see me wave or she deliberately ignored (不理睬) me.6In our school, Mr.Smith has a reputation_(名声) for a good command of English.7Li Na is such an outstanding (杰出的) table tennis player that all of us love her.8Try to simplify (简化) your explanation to make yourself understood better.9Every student must obey (服从) the rules at school.10He was unwilling (不情愿的) to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.单句语法填空1The boss suspected him of taking the computer away from the c