轻型卡车离合器设计说明书[带图纸].doc

中文题目：重型载货汽车启动离合器及辅助系统设计外文题目：毕业设计（论文）共68页（其中：外文文献及译文16页）图纸共4张完成日期2011年6月答辩日期2011年6月I摘要离合器是汽车传动系中直接与发动机相连接的总成，其主要功用是切断和实现对传动系的动力传递，保证汽车起步时将发动机与传动系平顺地接合，确保汽车平稳起步；在换挡时将发动机与传动系分离，减少变速器中换挡齿轮之间的冲击；在工作中受到大的动载荷时，能限制传动系所承受的最大转矩，防止传动系各零件因过载而损坏；有效地降低传动系中的振动和噪声。本文基于重型载货汽车的设计要求和设计参数，确定了以拉式膜片弹簧离合器作为设计目标。膜片弹簧离合器是近年来在汽车上广泛采用的一种离合器，它的转矩容量大而且较稳定，操作轻便，平衡性好，也能大量生产，对于它的研究已经变得越来越重要。此设计说明书详细的说明了重型载货汽车膜片弹簧离合器的结构形式，参数选择以及计算过程。本次设计根据车型的类别、使用要求、制造条件以及“三化”（即系列化、通用化、标准化）要求等，选择了结构方案及有关参数，进行了总成设计，并对其一些零件进行了校核：包括摩擦片外径的确定，离合器后备系数的确定，单位压力的确定，从动盘设计，压盘设计，膜片弹簧设计等，为以后从事汽车技术工作打下良好的基础。不仅如此，本次设计借鉴了相关的资料，采用了相关的标准，充分吸收了前人宝贵的经验。关键词：重型载货汽车；离合器；膜片弹簧；从动盘；设计IIAbstractClutchistheassemblywhichisdirectlyconnectedwithengineintheautomobilepowertrain.Anditsmainfunctionistocutoffandimplementthetransmissionofpowerinthepowertrain.Itensurestheengineandthepowertrainperfectlysmoothjointogetherwhentheautomobileisstartingupandinsurestheautomobilestartedupsmooth.Theclutchdisconnectstheengineandthepowertrainwhentheautomobilestagechangeover.Itreducestheimpactbetweentheshiftgearsofthetransmission.Whenthetransmissionworkedonthegreatdynamicload,theclutchcanlimitthebreakdowntorqueofthepowertraininordertopreventtheaccessoryofthepowertrainthatisdamagedduetooverload.Italsocaneffectivelyreducethevibrationandnoiseofthepowertrain.Thisarticleisbasedonthedesignrequirementsandthedesignparametersofthelighttruck,itisidentifiedwiththepull-typediaphragmspringclutchasthedesigngoal.Inrecentyears,diaphragmspringclutchisakindofclutchthatwaswidelyadoptedinsalooncarsandlightvehicles.Ithasgreatcapacityoftorqueandmorestable.Meanwhileitmanipulateconvenientlyandhasgoodbalance.AndItalsohashighoutput.Sotheresearchoftheclutchisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Thisdesignmanualelaboratedontheconstructionform,theparameterschooseandprocessofcalculateofthelighttrucks.Accordingtothevehiclecategory,theoperationrequirements,themanufactureconditionaswellas"three"(thatisseriation,universalizationandstandardization)requirements,andsoon,thisdesignchoosethestructureschemeandrelevantparameters.Meanwhilethisdesigncompleteassemblydesignandcheckingforsomeofitsparts.Theyincludethedeterminationoffrictionplatediameter,thedeterminationofbackupcoefficient,thedeterminationoftheunitpressure,thedesignofdrivenplat,thedesignofpressureplateanddiaphragm,etc.Thisdesigncanlayagoodfoundationforengaginginvehicletechnologyworkinthefuture.Inaddition,thisdesignprofitfromtherelatedmaterial,andusetherelatedstandard,andfullyabsorbpredecessors'valuableexperience.Keywords:I目录1绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1引言.................................................................................................................11.2汽车离合器结构的发展.................................................................................11.3离合器概述.....................................................................................................31.3.1离合器的功用..............................................................................................41.3.2汽车离合器设计的基本要求......................................................................41.3.3离合器工作原理..........................................................................................52离合器的结构方案分析....................................................................................72.1离合器设计所需数据.....................................................................................72.2结构设计.........................................................................................................72.2.1从动盘数及干、湿式的选择......................................................................72.2.2压紧弹簧的结构型式及布置......................................................................82.2.3膜片弹簧的支承形式..................................................................................92.2.4压盘的驱动方式........................................................................................102.2.5分离轴承总成............................................................................................102.2.6离合器的通风散热措施............................................................................113离合器主要参数的选择..................................................................................123.1摩擦片外径D的确定..................................................................................12II3.2离合器后备系数Β的确定............................................................................133.3摩擦因数F、摩擦面数Z和离合器间隙△T的确定.................................143.4单位压力P0的确定.......................................................................................154离合器基本参数的优化..................................................................................164.1设计变量.......................................................................................................164.2目标函数.......................................................................................................164.3约束条件.......................................................................................................165离合器零件的结构选型及设计计算..............................................................195.1从动盘总成...................................................................................................195.1.1从动片的选择和设计................................................................................195.1.2从动盘毂设计............................................................................................205.1.3摩擦片设计................................................................................................225.2离合器盖总成设计.......................................................................................235.2.1离合器盖设计............................................................................................245.2.2压盘设计....................................................................................................245.2.3传动片设计................................................................................................265.2.4支承环设计................................................................................................266扭转减振器的设计..........................................................................................276.1扭转减振器主要参数的确定.......................................................................276.2减振器的结构计算.......................................................................................28