大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具(论文+DWG图纸)
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大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具
大直径桩基础工程
工程施工图纸
桩基础施工论文
钻孔桩基础施工
大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具论文+DWG图纸
钻孔桩基础钻孔施工
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大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具(论文+DWG图纸),大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具,大直径桩基础工程,工程施工图纸,桩基础施工论文,钻孔桩基础施工,大直径桩基础工程成孔钻具论文+DWG图纸,钻孔桩基础钻孔施工
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Horizontal Directional Drill Hole Drill end of the study and applicationof a drill hole end of a composition and function.Construction of drill hole orientation : drill pipe, a launcher tube and a guide to accommodate bit. Construction of drill hole orientation with drilling, to change, through magnetic and drilling fluid delivery functions. Coordinated by computer control, in strict accordance with the design of the track has been completed oriented hole. Drilling is drilling high pressure liquid jet cutting board and bit accomplished; Bits board and the installation of boards of drilling teeth. Rotary drilling bit at the time supporting Cutting role in promoting the drill pipe at changes to the role; transmitters placed to accommodate tube launcher, to accommodate the opening of a Magnetic planters, Non-metallic materials and sealed to prevent the entry of high pressure drilling fluid, launch vehicles by the electromagnetic field Magnetic tank fired. Internal drill pipe and drill should provide sufficient access to meet the drilling fluid flow needs. 2, the construction of bore hole : drill pipe, the first to expand, the rotary joint drill pipe and back to Rafah. When the guide hole drilling is completed, unloaded oriented bit, to accommodate tube launchers and connect with reverse bore bit and rotary joint, Then after the rotary joint drill pipe connected to Rafah, to Reamer drilling. The large diameter holes, a number of bore drilling, hole diameter gradually expanded to the size requirement. 3, back to Rafah Pipeline Construction hole : drill pipe to Rafah, to expand first, rotating joints and pipe-drawing tools. When the bore drilling is completed, the drill pipe to Rafah after expanding access to the first and rotary joint, After the rotary connector connected pipe-drawing tools and the laying of pipelines to be anti-expansion Pipeline. 2, the main drill a research and application, the drill pipe drilling pipe construction quality is the key to success. Construction of the pipe and caused damage to the drill pipe connecting the end of drill hole of the lost, whether to expand or expensive first mud motors, and pipelines. As the drill pipe construction of HDD technology to the success of a basic role, in recent years, drill pipe manufacturers have continued to adopt advanced technology to improve the structure of the pipe to improve its performance and quality. Currently, the main HDD drill pipe into the overall style and welded two structural forms. Friction welding type of drill pipe drilling pipe achieve the best combination of structure, which means that in order to meet different needs. Performance of different materials can be used in different parts of the pipe. Friction welding drill pipe with high mechanical properties, wear resistance, light weight, good flexibility, a convenient way to different forms of threaded joints with different specifications of the pipe welding portfolio. Mount Sassafras drill pipe-welding technology is the key to the quality of welding, welding and heat treatment process control properly, Friction welding connection strength should reach even higher than the base material itself intensity. To ensure the quality of welding. foreign manufacturers for the manufacture of drill pipe friction welding equipment has been used advanced computer control and data recording technology. Through the monitoring system to ensure that every root of all drill pipe welding parameters in accordance with prior to the numerical implementation. In other words, a group of drill pipe in any one drill pipe, are strictly controlled in the context of tolerance, by the computer monitoring system to ensure that the welding performance consistency. And drill pipe through a single test, a number of drill pipe to provide each of the roots of the pipe complete, reliable performance data. After welding overall electromagnetic induction heat treatment, the whole process is an important stage. In recent years, considerable research through research and testing, now be able to make a welded seam mechanical properties to meet or surpass the performance of the base material itself, including durability, welding safety aspects. In order to improve the surface hardness thread, thread itself to prevent any possible occlusion, the post-processing on the surface of the nipple. Thread particular part should be carried out nitriding treatment. Drill pipe used in the manufacture of steel pipes used high-grade seamless steel tubes, and after quenching and tempering. Friction welding drill pipe Another advantage is being able to drill pipe internal drilling fluid channel design. Within which the nipple holes in the design of the Corridor full consideration to minimize the liquid through the hydraulic losses Special connecting thread is the first reduction of the loss, will greatly enhance the drilling fluid system efficiency. Threaded joints in the design using the top of the basket, the landscape of conical threaded design that can connect to increase strength, can in no additional washers with the help of the enclosed play a very good role. Practice shows that the use of more powerful drill holes and underground drilling equipment, maximum hole diameter and the smallest curvature radius, on the special needs of high-quality design of the drill pipe to meet the construction requirements. 2, guided boring BHA (1) Universal : Universal Detection device for capacity, Variable bit to the plate-and cutting tools. It is normally used in soft soil and backfill soil construction, replacement of hard-bit teeth, hard formation for the construction, including the hard soil, rock, gravel and soft rock. (2) Rigid-formation comprising : Definitive detection devices installed capacity, belt-injection tube bending and (a) separate from the spray head, apply to soft soil controllable jet construction; (b) rock drill, as applied to drilling mixed layer, In hard rock section allows rotary drilling bits. (3) soft-rock composition : Definitive detection devices installed capacity, hammer, Hammerhead applicable to the hard ground and soft rock drilling high penetration and to (4) Rock : Definitive detection devices to accommodate devices, change the connector, mud motors, bits of rock to rock Drilling 3, used to expand drilling hole (1) with long shafts to extend the first features : 30 degrees cone shape, conducive to efficient cutting and squeezing soil; access to a variety of back end and threaded connection forms; forward and backward drilling fluid spray nozzle of the can for TC-rock teeth; Groove can be used to efficiently remove cuttings; Dimensions 8 (200mm) a 20 (500mm) applicable to the general condition of the project, in the density of clay, gravel and mud-rock clay soil (gravel, cobble, etc.) construction, both warm-cutting with a knife and squeezed Cone for the composite function with high efficiency of the construction. Installation TC rock cutting teeth, can improve cutting. Generally applied to medium hardness of the soil, and are particularly suited to the hard rock and soil layer construction. (2) mid-knife to expand on features : open drilling body 30 degrees conical cutting arm, In comparison with the extrusion is excellent BTA and mixed role. Is a unique way to expand is omnipotent, in the sand, soft soil, clay and concrete compound layer construction with excellent performance, to be effective so that the soil mixed with the mud flow into the mixture has the ideal BTA and powerful mixing. Dimensions 8 (200mm) a 20 (500mm). (3) spin-barrel-back expansion device features : suitable for medium and large drilling rig; open drilling body, three-arm design. with high efficiency and the cutting ability of BTA. Replacement rock cutting teeth can be replaced by the forward and backward nozzle, the standard size of 12 (300mm). Welding with industry standard API 5C6. generally used, broken clay soil superior extrusion type, This trace was excellent cutting properties and BTA, often with a barrel-to expand the use of devices together. (4) barrel-type device to expand features : suitable for medium and large rigs. 30 degrees around the cone; Replacement rock cutting teeth; both before and after the end can be replaced with the nozzle; standard size 12 (300mm). Barrel - type device to expand in clay, gravel soil, aggregates and construction with the rock cutting and excellent extrusion properties, used mainly for extrusion soil (soft clay, peat), in soil squeezed out holes and maintain.水平定向钻机孔底钻具的研究与应用湖南工业大学机械工程学院机本0302班12号 李洪光（译）一、孔底钻具的组成与功能、导向孔施工钻具组成：钻杆、发射器容纳管和导向钻头。 导向孔施工钻具具有钻孔、变向、通磁和输送钻液的功能。通过人机协调控制，严格按已设计的轨迹完成导向孔施工。钻孔施工是以高压钻液射流和钻头板切削共同完成的；钻头板以及安装板上的钻牙，在钻头旋转钻进时起辅助的切削作用，在钻杆推进时起变向作用；发射器容纳管用来放置发射器，在容纳管上开有通磁槽，并用非金属材料密封以防止高压钻液进入，发射器发射的电磁波经通磁槽向外发射。钻杆和钻头内部应提供足够大的通道以满足对钻液流量的需求。、扩孔施工 钻具组成：钻杆、回扩头、旋转接头和回拉钻杆。当导向孔钻进完成后，卸下导向钻头、发射器容纳管，接上反向扩孔钻头和旋转接头，然后在旋转接头后接上回拉钻杆，进行回拉扩孔钻进。对直径较大的孔，可进行多次扩孔钻进，使钻孔直径逐渐扩大至尺寸要求。、回拉铺管施工 钻具组成：回拉钻杆、回扩头、旋转接头和拉管头。当扩孔钻进完成后，在回拉钻杆后接上回扩头和旋转接头，在旋转接头后接上拉管头和待铺设的管线进行反扩铺管。二、主要钻具的研究与应用、钻杆 钻杆的质量是施工成功的关键，施工中钻杆的损坏将导致与钻杆连接的孔底钻具的丢失，无论是回扩头还是价格昂贵的泥浆马达、管线等。由于钻杆对施工技术的成功起着基础性的作用，所以近年来，钻杆制造商们不断采用先进技术致力于改进钻杆的结构，提高其性能和质量。 目前，钻杆主要分为整体式和焊接式两种结构形式。 摩擦焊接式钻杆实现了钻杆最佳结构组合，这就意味着为满足不同需要的、不同性能的材料能够被用来做钻杆的不同部位。磨擦焊接钻杆具有很高的机械性能、耐磨性能，而且重量轻、柔韧性好，可方便地实现不同形式的螺纹接头与不同规格的钢管的焊接组合。 摩檫焊接式钻杆的技术关键是焊接质量，如果焊接及热处理过程控制得当，摩擦焊接的连接强度应达到甚至高于母材本身强度。为了保证焊接质量，国外制造商用于制造摩擦焊接钻杆的设备均采用先进的计算机监控和数据记录技术。通过监控系统确保每根钻杆所有焊接重要参数均按照预先给定的数值执行。也就是说，一批钻杆中的任何一根钻杆，均控制在严格的公差范围内，由计算机监控系统确保其焊接性能的一致性。而且通过单根钻杆试验测试，能够提供一批钻杆中的每根钻杆的完整的、可靠的性能数据。焊后整体电磁感应热处理，是整个处理过程的重要阶段。近年来通过科研部门不断研究与试验，目前能够使得焊接后焊缝的机械性能达到甚至超过母材本身性能，包括耐久性能、焊接安全方面等。 为了提高螺纹表面硬度，防止螺纹本身产生任何可能的咬合，加工后的螺纹接头的表面，特别是螺纹部分都要进行渗氮处理。 用于制造钻杆的钢管采用高等级无缝钢管，且经过淬火和回火处理。摩擦式焊接钻杆另一好处是，可以对钻杆内部钻液通道进行设计。其中螺纹接头内孔通道的设计充分考虑了尽量减少液体通过时的液压损失，特别是减少螺纹连接头部分造成的损失，能大大提高钻液系统的工作效率。在螺纹接头设计上采用了切去顶端的、园锥型的螺纹设计，这种设计既能增加连接强度，又能在不用附加垫圈的帮助下起到很好的密封作用。实践表明，要使用更强有力的孔底钻具和钻进设备，获得最大的钻孔直径和最小的曲率半径，就需要特殊设计的高品质的钻杆以满足施工要求。、导向钻进钻具组合（）通用型组成：通用探测装置容纳器、变向钻头体和板式切削刀具。 通常用于中软土壤和回填土层施工，可更换硬地型钻头牙齿，用于硬地层的施工，包括硬土、岩土、砾石和软岩层。（）硬地层型组成：通用探测装置容纳器、带弯曲式喷射管和（）可分开的喷射头，适用于在软土层可控喷射施工；（）岩石钻头，适用于混合层钻进，在坚硬的部分允许岩石钻头旋转钻进。（）软岩层型 组成：通用探测装置容纳器、锤体、锤头 适用于在硬地面和软岩层中进行高穿透钻进和转向（）岩石型组成：通用的探测装置容纳器、转换接头、泥浆马达、岩石钻头适用于岩石层钻进施工、回扩钻进用钻具（）带长槽的回扩头特点：度锥体形状，有利于高效率的切削和挤压土壤；可获得多种螺纹和背端连接形式；向前和向后喷射钻液的喷嘴为可换式；岩石牙齿；凹槽体用来高效率排除钻屑；标准尺寸（）一（） 适用于普遍的工程条件，在中密度粘土、砾泥粘土和含岩土壤（砾石、鹅卵石等）中施工，兼有飞旋刀式切割器和锥形挤扩器的复合功能，具有很高的施工效率。 安装岩石切削牙齿，可提高切削作用。普遍适用于中等硬度土层，特别适合在硬土和岩石土层中施工。（）飞旋刀式回扩器特点：开放式钻体，度锥型切削臂，与挤压式相比具有极好的排屑和混合的作用。是一种独特地万能回扩器，在沙地、软土层、粘土层和混凝料中施工具有极好的性能，可有效的使泥浆与土壤混合成流动的混合物，具有理想的排屑和强大的混合作用。标准尺寸（）一（）。（）旋桶式回扩器特点：适合于中大型钻机；开放式钻体，三臂式设计，具有高效率的切削和排屑能力。可更换岩石切削牙齿，可更换的向前和向后喷嘴，标准尺寸（），焊接符合工业标准。 一般用于，破碎黏土型土壤优于挤压式，这种飞刀具有卓越的切削和排屑特性，常常与桶式回扩器一起使用。（）桶式回扩器特点：适合于中大型钻机。度前后锥体；可更换的岩石切削牙齿；前后端均带有可更换的喷嘴；标准尺寸（）。桶式回扩器在黏土、砾泥、混凝料和岩土中施工具有极好的切削和挤压性能，主要用于挤压土壤（软黏土、泥炭土），在土壤中挤扩出洞孔并保持.10GEARSpur and helical gears. A gear having tooth elements that are straight and parallel to its axis is known as a spur gear. A spur pair can be used to connect parallel shafts only. Parallel shafts, however, can also be connected by gears of another type, and a spur gear can be mated with a gear of a different type. (Fig.1.1).To prevent jamming as a result of thermal expansion, to aid lubrication, and to compensate for avoidable inaccuracies in manufacture, all power-transmitting, gears must have backlash. This means that on the gear, and vice versa. On instrument gears, backlash can eliminated by using a gear split down its middle, one half being rotatable relative to the other. A spring forces the split gear teeth to occupy the full width of the pinion space.Helical gears have certain advantages; for example, when connecting parallel shafts they have a higher loadcarrying than spur gears with the same tooth numbers and cut with the same cutter. Because of the overlapping action of the teeth, they are smoother in action and can operate at higher pitch-line to the axis of rotation, helical gears create an axial thrust. If used singly, this thrust must be absorbed in the same blank. Depending on the method of manufacture, the gear may be of the continuous-tooth herringbone variety or a double-helical gear with a space between the two halves to permit the cutting tool to run out. Double-helical gears are well suited for the efficient transmission of power at highspeeds.Helical gears can also be used to connect nonparallel, non-intersecting shafts at any angle to one another. Ninety degrees is the commonest angle at which such gears are used.Worm and bevel gears. In order to achieve line contact and improve the loadcarrying capacity of the crossed-axis helical gears, the gear can be made to curve partially around the pinion, in somewhat the same way that a nut envelops a screw. The result would be a cylindrical worm and gear.Worm gears provide the simplest means of obtaining large rations in a single pair. They are usually less efficient than parallel-shaft gears, however, because of an additional sliding movement along the teeth. Because of their similarity, the efficiency of a worm and gear depends on the same factors as the efficiency of a screw. Single-thread worms of large diameter have small lead angles and low efficiencies. Multiple-thread worms have larger lead angles and higher efficiencies(Fig.1.2)For transmitting rotary motion and torque around corners, bevel gears are commonly used. The connected shafts, whose axes would intersect if extended, are usually but not necessarily at right angles to one another.When adapted for shafts that do not intersect, spiral bevel gears are called hypoid gears. The pitch surfaces of these gears are not rolling cones, and the ratio of their mean diameters is not equal to the speed Consequently, the pinion may have few teeth and be made as large as necessary to carry the load. The profiles of the teeth on bevel gears are not involutes; they are of such a shape that the tools for the teeth are easier to make and maintain than involute cutting tools. Since bevel gears come in, as long as they are conjugate to one another they need not be conjugate to other gears with different both numbers.1 Early History of Gearing The earliest written descriptions of gears are said to have been made by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C. It has been pointed out that the passage attributed to Aristotle by some was actually from the writings of his school, in “Mechanical Problems of Aristotle”(Ca.280 B.C). In the passage in question, there was no mention of gear teeth on the parallel wheels, and they may just as well have been smooth wheels in frictional contact. Therefore, the attribution of gearing to Aristotle is, most likely, incorrect.The real beginning of gearing was probably with Archimedes who about 250 B.C. invented the endless screw turning a toothed wheel, which was used in engines of war. Archimedes also used gears to simu-early forms of wagon mileage indicators (odometer) and surveying instruments. These devices were probably “thought” experiments of Heron of Alexandria (ca. A.D.60), who wrote on the subjects of theoretical mechanics and the basic elements of mechanism. The oldest surviving relic containing gears is the Antikythera mechanism, so named because of the Greek island of that name near which the mechanism was discovered in a sunken ship in 1900. Professor Price of Yale University has written an authoritative account of this mechanism. The mechanism is not only the earliest relic of gearing, but it also is an extremely complex arrangement of epicyclic differential gearing. The mechanism is identified as a calendrical computing mechanism for the sun and moon, and has been dated to about 87 B.C.The art of gearing was carried through the European dark ages after the fall of Rome, appearing in Islamic instruments such as the geared astrolabes which were used to calculate the positions of the celestial bodies. Perhaps the art was relearned by the clock-and instrument-making artisans of fourteenth-century Europe, or perhaps some crystallizing ideas and mechanisms were imported from the East after the crusades of the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries.It appears that the English abbot of St.Albans monastery, born Richard of Wallingford, in A.D. 1330, reinvented the epicyclic gearing concept. He applied it to an astronomical clock, which he began to build at that time and which was completed after his death.A mechanical clock of a slightly later period was conceived by Giovanni de Dondi(1348-1364). Diagrams of this clock, which did not use differential gearing, appear in the sketchbooks of Leonardo da Vinci, who designed geared mechanisms himself. In 1967 two of da Vincis manuscripts, lost in the National Library in Madrid since 1830, were rediscovered. One of the manuscripts, written between 1493 and 1497 and known as “Codex Madrid I” , contains 382 pages with some 1600 sketches. Included among this display of Lenardos artistic skill and engineering ability are his studies of gearing. Among these are tooth profile designs and gearing arrangements that were centuries ahead of their “invention”.2 Beginning of Modern Gear Technology In the period 1450 to 1750, the mathematics of gear-tooth profiles and theories of geared mechanisms became established. Albrecht Durer is credited with discovering the epicycloidal shape(ca. 1525). Philip de la Hire is said to have worked out the analysis of epicycloids and recommended the involute curve for gear teeth (ca. 1694). Leonard Euler worked out the law of conjugate action(ca.1754). Gears deigned according to this law have a steady speed ratio.Since the industrial revolution in mid-nineteenth century, the art of gearing blossomed, and gear designs steadily became based on more scientific principles. In 1893 Wilfred Lewis published a formula for computing stress in gear teeth. This formula is in wide use today in gear design. In 1899 George B.Grant, the founder of five gear manufacturing companies, published “A Treatise on Gear Wheels” . New inventions led to new applications for gearing. For example, in the early part of this century (1910), parallel shaft gears were introduced to reduce the speed of the newly developed reaction steam turbine enough to turn the driving screws of ocean-going vessels. This application achieved an overall increase in efficiency of 25 percent in sea travel.The need for more accurate and quiet-running gears became obvious with the advent of the automobile. Although the hypoid gear was within our manufacturing capabilities by 1916, it was not used practically until 1926, when it was used in the Packard automobile. The hypoid gear made it possible to lower the drive shaft and gain more usable floor space. By 1937 almost all cars used hypoid-geared rear axles. Special lubricant antiwear additives were formulated in the 1920s which made it practical to use hypoid gearing. In 1931 Earle Buchingham, chairman of an American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) research committee on gearing, published a milestone report on gear-tooth dynamic loading. This led to a better understanding of why faster-running gears sometimes could not carry as much load as slower-running gears.High-strength alloy steels for gearing were developed during the 1920s and 1930s . Nitriding and case-hardening was introduced in 1950. Extremely clean steels produced by vacuum melting processes introduced in1960 have proved effective in prolonging gear life.Since the early 1960s there has been increased use of industrial gas turbines for electric power generation. In the range of 1000 to 14000 hp, epicyclic gear systems have been used successfully. Pitch-line velocities are form 50 to 100m/s(10000 to 20000 ft/min). These gear sets must work reliably for 10000 to 30000 hp between overhaule.In 1976 bevel gears produced to drive a compressor test stand ran stand ran successfully for 235h at 2984kw and 200m/s. form all indications these gears could be used in an industrial application if needed. A reasonable maximum pitch-line velocity for commercial spiral-bevel gears with curved teeth is 60m/s.Gear system development methods have been advanced in which lightweight, highly loaded gears are used in aircraft applications. The problems of strength and dynamic loads, as well as resonant frequencies for such gearing, are now treatable with techniques such as finite-element analysis, siren and impulse testing for mode shapes, and application of damping treatments where required.齿 轮 直齿轮和斜齿轮 轮齿是直的、而方向又与其轴平行的齿轮称作直齿轮。一对直齿轮只能用来连接平行轴。然而，平行轴也可以用其他形式的齿轮来连接，一个直齿轮可以同一个不同形式的齿轮互相啮合，如图1-1。为了避免由于热膨胀而出现的卡住现象；为了便于润滑和补偿制造中不可避免的误差，所有传递动力的齿轮必须具有侧向间隙。这就是说在互相啮合齿轮的节圆上，小齿轮的间隙宽度必须稍大于大齿轮的齿厚，反之亦然。在仪表齿轮上，可以利用从中间分开的拼合齿轮来消除侧向间隙，它的一半可相对于另一半转动。弹簧迫使拼和齿轮的齿占满小齿轮间隙的整个宽度。斜齿轮具有某些优点。例如：连接两平行轴时，斜齿轮比齿数相同、用相同刀具切削的直齿轮有较高的承载能力。由于轮齿的重迭作用，斜齿轮工作比较平稳、允许比直齿轮有更高的节线速度。节线速度是节圆的速度。由于轮齿与旋转轴倾斜，所以斜齿轮会产生轴向推力。如果单个使用，这一推力必须由轴承来承受。推力问题可以通过在同一坯见切削两组斜齿来克服。根据制造方法的不同，齿轮可以是连续人字形的，或者在两列斜齿之间留一间隙的双斜齿形的，以便切削刀具通过。双斜齿齿轮非常使用于高速高效的传递动力。斜齿轮也能用来连接既不平行也不相交的相互成任何角度的轴。最常用的角度为。蜗轮蜗杆和伞齿轮为了使交叉轴斜齿轮获得线接触和提高承载能力，可以把大齿轮做成部分绕小齿轮弯曲，就象螺母套在螺杆上一样，结果就形成一个柱形蜗杆和蜗轮。蜗轮蜗杆提供了获得一对大速比齿轮的最简单的方法。然而，由于沿齿的附加滑动使蜗
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