动词ing定语表语宾语补主语.doc

必修四 Unit 3 语法 动词ing -作表语.定语.宾语补足语动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。一. 用作表语。1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语。多表示一般性或抽象行为。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。 (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。（当前正在进行的动作） Mikes favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）二. 作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：a swimming pool, drinking watera reading room= a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。单个的动词-ing形式一般放在它所修饰的名词前. 相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。a frightening story恐怖故事 falling leaves 落叶a smiling face 笑脸 a leading part 主角developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题注意：动词-ing形式与不定式作定语的区别：（详见第二单元） 动词-ing作定语，多表示现在进行或经常性，习惯性的动作。不定式作定语，多表示将来发生的具体动作。（不定式作定语，一定要后置）I preferred staying in the house when it rained. I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.2. 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。如果是动词-ing短语，则放在它所修饰的名词的后面。表示存在的状态或者一般的情况，或强调与谓语动词同时或基本同时发生并进行，但是v.-ing的完成式一般作状语而不做定语。如：The girl wearing a red rose on her head is my younger sister.a boy swimming in the river 一个河里游泳的男孩They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。= They lived in a house which is facing south。Do you know the boy playing basket? 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？= Do you know the boy who is playing basket？ The man visiting Japan is my uncle。 正在访问日本的那个男人是我叔叔.=The man who is visiting Japan is my uncle.注意：如果动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则用动词-ing形式的被动形式。 The building being built there will be a supermarket. 那里正建的楼将是超市。三.做宾语补足语1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3. 这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上动词-ing,构成复合宾语结构,动词-ing充当宾补成分.(1.) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, taste, hear, feel, smell, find, watch, catch, notice, observelook at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office. 我看见一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。When I woke up, I felt the whole earth shaking。 当我醒来，我感觉整个世界在晃动。注意：see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ring. 我们听见电话在响 表示动作正在进行，We heard the telephone ringing. 表示（或强调）动作的全过程。(2.) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，后接动词-ing作宾补.常见的有have, set, find, keep, get, catch, leave等+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day. 你白天不应开灯。This sets me thinking. 这使我思考.Wang Ping wont have Yonghui getting away with telling people lies. 王鹏不会放过永慧对人们撒谎。注意：have+宾语+doing用于否定句中，表示允许，容忍的意思。I wont have anyone smoking in here. 我不容许任何人在这里抽烟。4. 在有些动词regard, describe, accept, think of, quote 之后,可由as引出动词-ing 词组作宾补.They describe the film as being attractive. 他们说这电影很吸引人。5. 用with的复合结构 With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the old mans house. 有了那个人小男孩的指路，我们毫不费力就找到那老人的家。语法练习：1. My favorite cartoon character is Mickey Mouse. Its so _ that we often feel _when we see it. A. exciting, exciting B. excited, exciting C. exciting, excited D. excited, excited2. Its no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking , it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it3. Snow was falling when they went they went along a path _ to the mountain. A. to lead B. led C. leafing D. being led4. -Tom said something strange at the conference. - His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wonder B. wondering C. wondered D. wonders5. -My best friends in a bad mood. - How about _ her some flowers?A. giving B. given C. to give D. give6. _ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience. A. Having been misunderstood B. Being misunderstood C. Having misunderstood D. Misunderstood7. With two children _ middle school in the nearby town now, the parent are working hard. A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended8. I remember my father _ me to the seaside when I was a small child. We forgot _ a towel and I felt very cold. A. taking, to take B. to take, taking C. take, taking D. take, taken9. Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called10 They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly.A. being run B. run C. to run D. running11. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt12. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry, with so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled13. After the earthquake, the house made of wood remained _ where it is.A. to stand B. stood C. stands D. standing14. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover15. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Vincent vanGoghs paintings.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait16. The government plans to bring in laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced17. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition. A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned 18. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV. There are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed19. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run20. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked21. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say22. Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called23. - Why do you look sad? - There are so many problems _. A. remaining to settle B. remained setting C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled24. “We must keep a secret of the things _ here,” the general said, _ at the man in charge of the information office. A. discussed; stared seriously B. being discussed; seriously staring C. to be discussed; seriously stared D. discussed; to stare seriously25. The news was _, and there was a _ look on her face. A. shocking; frightening B. shocked; frightened C. shocking; frightened D. shocked; frightening26. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt27. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 remained D. remaining 20 dollars28. - What is Mr Black? - His job is _ pancakes. A. to be sold B. sold C. having sold D. selling29. These are the books _ my brother. A. belonged to B. belonging to C. that are belonged to D. belong to 30. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered31. Chaplin was very good at making jokes. He always had others _. A. laughed B. to laugh C. laughing D. being laughed32. T