2019年高考英语语法必考考点8虚拟语气及情态动词含解析.docx

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（8）：虚拟语气及情态动词含解析李仕才【考点解读】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if +should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如：If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if +should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D.is raining解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if +should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如：If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。情态动词考点透析考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。考点二、情态动词表示推测的考查对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：1. Sorry, Im late. I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .A. might B. should C. can D. will解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;should have done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境Im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，cant (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。考点三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查1.Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt解析：had to:不得不;didnt:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，所以答案是：C。2.Your phone number again? I _quite catch it.Its 86184867.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018江苏卷) Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B2. (2018江苏卷) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。3. (2018天津卷) I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but m not sure。可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词 could,表示可能”。故选D4. (2018北京) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。5. (2018北京卷) They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。6. (2018天津卷) If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch【答案】A7. (2017北京卷) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。A. mut必须 B. should应该C. can能 D. need需要。句意: Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can。答案为C8. (2017北京卷) If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确9. (2016北京卷) Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？星球大战，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。10. (2016天津) When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _ for years. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. hadnt seen D. wouldnt see【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。二、单句填空1(2017北京高考改编) If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.【答案】had been put 【解析】句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入 使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息 “would never have happened”可知，句中If引 导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。2(2017天津高考改编)Do you have Betty s phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn t _ (be) able to reach her yesterday.【答案】have been3. (2017江苏高考改编)_ it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【答案】Were【解析】句意：如果没有老师们的帮助，这名学生不可能战胜困难。根据语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的 假设，且句子省略了if并将 were提到句首，使用了部分倒装 结构。 were it not for .“要不是因为”。4. (2017北京高考改编)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can 【解析】句意：塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻松地够到书架顶层上的书。根据句意可知，此处表示能力，故填can。5. (2016北京卷)Cant you stay a little longer?一Its getting late. I really _go now. My daughter is home alone. 【答案】must【解析】句意：-你不能再多待会儿吗？-太晚了。我必须要走了，我女儿一个人在家呢。由“时间不早了 ”和“女儿一个人在 家”这两个条件可以推断出“我”必须要走了。所以填must。6. (2016北京卷)If I_(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. 【答案】hadnt seen【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。因为主句使用的是would have done的形式，所以从句使用过去完成时态，表示对过去的虚拟。7. (2016福建卷)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations. 【答案】should【解析】句意：-对不起，妈妈。我面试又失败了。 -噢，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分准备的。should have done形式表示对过去的推测,意为“本应该 ”。8. (2016安徽卷) It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now. 【答案】would have【解析】句意：幸运的是我们预定了一个房间，否则现在我们 就没有地方待了。由时间状语now可知，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以使用 would have。9. (2016四川卷)You _be careful with the camera. It costs!【答案】must【解析】句意：你一定要小心使用这部相机。它花了不少钱呢！根据句意应该用must“一定”。10. (2016陕西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I_ (dance) as well as her. 【答案】danced11. (2016天津卷)_have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 【答案】neednt【解析】句意：在来到新学校之前我本不必要担心，因为这儿的同 学对我非常友好。neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事，但是做了”。三、单句改错1. (2018新课标II卷) but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】去掉to【解析】考查过去将来时的结构。would是情态动词，后跟动词原形，故答案为去掉to。2. (2017北京高考改编)If the new safety system had put to use, the accident would never have happened.【答案】had put之间加been 【解析】句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入 使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以 及句中的信息 “would never have happened”可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行3. (2016新课标II卷) Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.【答案】删除can或将can改为should【解析】考查虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”时, 其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用should+动词原形, should可以省略。4. (2016新课标卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.【答案】chose choose 【解析】在情态动词 can之后应用动词原形， 故把chose改为choose。5. (2016新课标卷) Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.【答案】canshould或去掉can 6. (2016江苏高考书面表达改编) Therefore, rules should worked out and strictly observed.【答案】should后加be 【解析】句意：因此，应该制定规则并严格遵守。rules和work out之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。7. (2015新课标I卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.【答案】foundfind 【解析】情态动词后应用动词原形。8. (2015天津高考改编)I neednt worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 【答案】worried前加have 【解析】neednt have done表示“本没 有必要做”。9. (2015四川卷) If you are me , would you talk to them?【答案】arewere【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据语境, 此处是对现在事实的假设, 条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。10. (2015四川高考)What do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to them?【答案】arewere【解析】根据语境可知，此处if引导的虚拟条件句是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018海淀二模) He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing _.A. had happened B. happenedC. would happen D. would have happened【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他把这个项目搞糟了，但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样。as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时，应用虚拟语气。该句表示对过去的虚拟，根据as if的虚拟规则，该处应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。2. (2018海淀二模) When I was small, my mom _read me stories at night.A. could B. should C. might D. would【答案】D3. (2018滨海7校联考) But for your instruction, I _ such great progress in so short a time. Thanks a lot.A. wouldnt make B. hadnt madeC. wont make D. wouldnt have made【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：要不是你的指导，在这么短的时间内，我不会取得如此大的进步。根据 but for s要不是，句子用虚拟语气，相当于非真实条件句的主语,此处与过去的事实相反，故主句用would have done结构,根据句意可知答案为D。4. (2018滨海7校联考) Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might【答案】D【解析】情态动词辨析。句意，上文，你来参加Jeff的聚会吗？下文，我不确定。我可能会去看电影。Must必须；would将要；should应该；might可能，故选D。5. (2018江苏97校联考) Why didnt you call me then?Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I _ you otherwise.A. would call B. had calledC. have called D. would have called【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：-为什么当时你不给我打电话? -哦我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用 would /should/ could/might + have过去分词,指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D。6. (2018天津市一中) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. Should he catchC. Has he caught D. Had he caught【答案】D7. (2018天津市一中) -Tom, your foreign teacher speaks Chinese fluently!-Oh, she has lived in China for six years; otherwise she such good Chinese.A. didnt speak B. would not have spokenC. would not speak D. hadnt spoken【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气：句意：-汤姆，你的外籍老师汉语说的很流利！-她在中国生活了六年，否则她不会说这么好的汉语。这里的otherwise相当于if虚拟条件句，所以主句也是虚拟语气，因为是现在英语说的很好，所以是和现在相反的虚拟语气，所以主句是would do。所以选C。8. (2018人民大学附中) My mobile phone is missing. Who it?A. must have taken B. must takeC. could have taken D. could take【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：我的手机不见了。可能是谁拿了呢？ A. must have done 对过去事情有把握的肯定推测；B. must take必须做某事；C. could have done可能已经做过某事；D. could take可能做某事。故C项正确。9. (2018江苏泰州中学) fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be【答案】B10. (2018江苏无锡一中) Sixty decades on, the presenter (Queen Elizabeth II) has evolved somewhat, as has the technology she described. Back then, who _ that people would one day be watching this on laptops and mobile phones, as some of you are today?A. must have imagined B. may have imaginedC. would have imagined D. should have imagined【答案】C【解析】句意：六十年过去了，演讲者（伊丽莎白二世）也像她所描述的技术那样，“升级”了一些。那时候，有谁能想象到，有一天人们会从笔记本电脑和手机上观看这则视频，就像今天你们中的一部分人这样？根据语境，此处表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have+过去分词。“must have+过去分词”表示对过去的肯定性推测；“may have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测；“should have done”表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。故选C。二、单句填空1.Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we _not bring anything with us?【答案】need【解析】句意：-我已经为这次野餐准备好了各种食物。-你的意思是我们不需要再带任何东西吗？根据prepared all kinds of可知，此处为“不需要再带任何东西”，故填need。2. _(be) there no modem telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 【答案】Were3. We would rather our daughter_(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 【答案】stayed【解析】句意：我们宁愿让女儿待在家里，可那是她的选择，而且她也不再是个孩子了。would rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事实。4. I, we ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. 【答案】neednt【解析】句意：我已经预定了比萨，所以，当我们疲倦地到家时就 没必要担心做饭了。由句中表示因果关系的so可以确定此处填 neednt 5. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_(do) it?【答案】had done【解析】句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话？ as if引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟和假设,填had done。6. My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who_ have taken it?【答案】could【解析】句意：我的书海兹的房屋不见了。是谁拿走了呢？结合语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的推测，用在疑问句中，填could。7. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ (will) take me to Disneyland at weekends. 【答案】would【解析】句意：我仍然记得我的幸福童年，那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would表示过去的一种习惯8. If Mr. Dewey_(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 【答案】had been9. No one _be more generous; he has a heart of gold. 【答案】can/could【解析】句意：没有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处是否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的含义，所以用can或could。10. I_ (not enjoy) myself more it was a perfect day. 【答案】couldnt have enjoyed【解析】句意：我从未玩得这么开心过这是完美的一天。根据句意和结构可知，这里用couldnt have done表示 “不可能做过”，后面的enjoy more是比较级，与not连用表示最 高级的含义，意为“从未比这更高兴过”。三、单句改错1. Its strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes.【答案】figuredfigure【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处suggest后加that引导的宾语从句，用虚拟语气。动词用（should）+动词原形，此处figure用原形。故figuredfigure.2. However, its high time that immediate measures must be taken. 【答案】mustshould 【解析】在its high time that .句式中，that 从句中的谓语动词应用过去式或“should动词原形”， should不能省略，故此处must应改为should。3. He made a suggestion that we did some volunteer work this weekend.【答案】diddo 【解析】句意：他提议这周末我们去做些志愿工作。suggestion后接同位语从句时，从句谓语要用“ should 动词原形”，should可以省略。4. Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison.【答案】werebe 5. There will a lecture in our library at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon.【答案】will后加be 【解析】此处为there 在 will后加be。 be句型，缺少be动词。6. Howeve