葛四级写作-副本.ppt

大学英语四级新题型 写作部分,主讲人：葛晨曦,一、大纲要求及评分细则,1、大纲要求 时间与字数：能在30分钟内写出一篇120-150个单词的短文。 出题模式：试卷上可能给出题目（中文或英文），或规定情境，或要求看图表作文，或给出段首句要求续写，或给出关键词要求写成短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）写出摘要或大意， 要求：内容切题，正确表达思想，意思连贯，无重大语法错误。,2003年1月 Directions: For this part, your are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实,给出题目,2004年6月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. Your role: a tour guide Your audience: a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should includes: some welcoming words The schedule for the day A description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g., a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangement for the day clear to everybody.,规定情景: 导游稿,2002年1月 Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese. 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应设计食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以使表扬，可以是批评建议，可以兼而有之。,规定情景: 书信,2005年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 你认为自己具备什么条件（能力、性格、爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作？ 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,规定情景: 竞选稿,2003年6月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 车祸发生的时间及地点 你所见到的车祸情况 你对车祸原因的分析 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,规定情景: 车祸见证书,2002年6月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: 下图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：1990年（2 hours）、1995年（5 hours）、2000年（20 hours），请描述其变化 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或 社会发展等方面加以说明 你认为目前大学生在计算机 使用中有什么困难或问题）,图表,1992年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Failure a Bad Thing? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: Failure as a daily occurrence Peoples different attitudes towards failure My attitude towards it,关键词,2、评分标准 分值: 作文部分占总分的15%，相当于710分中的106.5分。（讲座中作文以15分计） 四级作文采用总体评分（是否切题，思想及用词造句是否清楚）。阅卷人就总体印象给分，而不是按照语言点的错误数目扣分。 避免趋中倾向。要体现作文的区分度。 分数段：具体有五个分数段: 14分、11分、8分、5分、2分,14分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；语言流畅，层次分明，句式有变化；词汇丰富，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。 11分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。 8分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；基本清楚地表达了主题的内涵，句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度符合要求。 5分：内容基本切题，基本表达了提纲中的内容；基本清楚的表达主题的内涵，句子结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。 2分：思路混乱，条理不清，语句不通顺，词不达意。,二、写作常见句式,（一）开头常用句型： 现象式、提问式、引言式 1. 现象式 (1) As society develops, people are attaching more and more importance to How to Succeed in a Job Interview Your View on Taking Postgraduate Entrance Exam,the interview during job hunting,a master degree,(2) Nowadays, with people attach great importance to Economy and Environmental Protection The Development of Life-Long Education,the rapid development of economy,with the rapid development of society,environmental Protection,life-long Education.,has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to day life. Your View on Learning through the net Advantage and disadvantage of Private Cars,Online education,Private cars,(4) Along with more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that The disadvantages of Cheating in Examination (5) There are a growing number of people who show concern about the problem of Youngsters Addiction to Internet.,the development of education,cheating in exams has become more and more serious.,net bars.,(6) With the development of economy, great changes have taken place in state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;,Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit& vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%,peoples diet,(7) Recently, has been brought into public focus. Your view on cross-culture marriage (8) has become a common occurrence in our daily life. Write a proposal to enhance the sports activities among college students,cross-culture marriage,Engaging in sports activity,2. 提问式 How can we succeed in a job interviewer? Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that 3. 俗语或引言式 As an old saying goes, time is money. As the proverb goes, practice makes perfect. A proverb says, “where there is a will, there is a way”.,（二）常见主体句子,1.观点类 Some people prefer living in the countryside, while others feel inclined to a life in big cities. Some people believe the reason lies in industry. While others maintain it is good luck that gives rise to the success. Still others claim both the industry and good luck play an essential part.,Personally, I am in favor of reading selectively over reading extensively. Personally, I side with the idea that blood donation should be advocated. When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to pursue further study. As far as I am concerned, ,e.g. School or Major,选择报考高校时，有人先考虑大学的名气 但是也有人考虑专业是否热门 若是让你做出选择，你会,Different people have different preferences. Some prefer to choose a prestigious university. They hold that the graduates fro prestigious university are popular in talent markets. To them, entering a good university means standing on the entrance of a promising career after graduation. In contrast, some would rather choose a good major. According to them, even if one studies in an ordinary university, so long as his major offers him strong competitiveness in the society, he really neednt worry about his future. A good major can ensure his future success.,2.用于举例 Take my experience of last year as an example. My former classmates failure in the final examination is a case in point. Our life presented many examples of success and failure.,Knowledge and Diploma,目前，在社会上有这样的一种说法，文 凭越高越吃香； 而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识； 你的观点。,However, is it really true that high diploma equals to high ability or profound knowledge? Some people do not agree on this kind of idea. They claim that ability or knowledge means more than diploma. Take Bill Gates, the head of the Microsoft, for example, he does not have a MBA degree which is believed to play a vital role in the success in commercial life. Furthermore, Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Corporation does not a MBA degree, but they are the most successful man in commercial.,3.表示原因 Many factors lead to the trend of increasing in examination. There are several reasons why some people prefer to travel by bike, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. There are three reasons, I think, for the growing number of ads on TV.(使用插入语) What is to account for? In fact the reasons are not difficult to get. First, . Second .,e.g. Graduate School Rush,1）目前考研究生形成热潮 2）我认为这股热潮的原因是 3）我是否也要投入到这个热潮中去,What is to account for their enthusiasm for a postgraduate diploma? In fact the reasons are not difficult to obtain. First, it is widely accepted that the more education you have, the more likely your are to succeed. Compared with those only with a bachelors degree, those masters usually enjoy better treatment. Second, in an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in four-year college can hardly meet the demand of society. That is why those who have worked are eager to come back to university to study.,4.表示建议、措施、好处 There are several measures for us to adopt. Firstly, we can do our utmost to arouse peoples awareness. Secondly, . Thirdly, . To beginning with, Furthermore,Moreover Finally Compared with newspapers, TV provides us with news more quickly and more vividly. How to succeed in/ achieve? Many factors can contribute to,e.g. How to Succeed in a Job Interview?,How to succeed in a job interview? Many factors can contribute to the success of an interview. To begin with, The candidate should show good manners. By this the candidate can leave a very good impression on the interviewer. Besides, the candidate should show self-confidence. It is inevitable that one would meet some difficulties in ones job, and self-confidence can help one to overcome them. It is quite natural that the employer values this quality very much.,（三）用于结尾的句子,表示结论的句型 From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that Therefore, it is not difficult to draw /come to the conclusion that Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that,2. 表示总结的句型 It is high time that something was done about On the whole, it is high time that every one It is essential that effective measures be taken to We should In short/ In a word/ In conclusion/ In summary/ In brief/ To sum up/ To conclude/ All in all,e.g. Owning a Private Car,目前，有越来越多的人拥有私家车； 拥有私家车的利与弊； 结论。 In short , owning a private car has both its advantages and disadvantages. It is essential that we should pay much attention to the environmental protection by not having a private car if we have little or no practical use of the private car.,（四）图表类作文,图表总体描述型 As the graph depicts, some changes have taken place in the past five years. The table shows/indicates/reveals that the smoking population decreased gradually in recent years. It can be concluded from the table that the computer has brought many changes in education.,2. 描述数量变化的句型 The income of the people from this region increase/decrease 3 times. The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. The population in this city now decreased to 800,000. The time spent on computer increased from 2 hours per week to 20 hours per week. The chart reveals that the way people spent their money changed a great deal from 1985 to 1995.,3. 描述相似与不同的句型,The two universities are alike/similar in their regulation. I am different from him in the character and educational background. The difference between that by and that girl is that the former is more agreeable.,e.g. How People Spent Their Holiday.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph. Write down the conclusions you draw from the figures about the various ways in which people spent the holidays in 2001 as compared with 1995. Attempt to explain the reasons for these differences.,The chart shows that the way people spent their holidays changed a great deal from 1995 to 2001. In 1995, 34% of the people spent their holidays at home. And the figure dropped to 6% in 2001. It seemed that people were becoming more and more mobile, and they wanted to seek the entertainments in the outside world. The table also reveals that a great proportion spent their holidays traveling. The rate in 1995 was 32%, and in 2001 it increased to 65%. The tendency well continue. Such a phenomenon is due to the fact that more and more people can afford journeys. Another remarkable tendency this table shows is that there is a sharp decrease in the rate of shopping group. At present there are many shops near the residential areas and it is very easy for people to go shopping during weekdays and theyd rather spend the holiday doing something else.,（五）书信作文,1、开头常用句型 I am writing to you with reference to the hard choice you are facing. Thanks so much for your letter which arrived yesterday. Thank you so much for having invited me for the tour of Yunnan.,2. 提供建议的句子,In my experience, it seems that a good preparation would make sense in your situation. At the risk of overstepping my boundaries, allow me to suggest that you take this opportunity.,3. 表示感谢的句子,I truly appreciate your kindness. I am grateful to you for your valuable suggestion. I appreciate it more than I can say. I can never thank you enough. It was kind and generous of you to do this for me. Many thanks for your kindness and hospitality. Now we have arrived back home safe and sound. Than you from the bottom of my heart for your help.,4. 表示道歉的句子,I apologize most sincerely for the trouble I brought you. I owe you an apology in that I arrived late/ for my rudeness.,5.表示邀请的句子,The honor of your presence is requested at the party. Its a pleasure for me to invite you to attend my graduation ceremony.,6. 表示抱怨的句子,I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the quality of your product. I very much regret to have to inform you that your decision brought us much inconvenience.,7. 表示咨询的句子,I would like to request some information about your arrangement for the coming New Year celebration.,8. 表示结束的句型,Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you. I am looking forward to hearing from you as early as possible. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your early reply. I do hope to see the improvements in your store.,例：投诉信 (1)给校长写一封信陈述你对学校图书馆的不满 (2)列举图书馆存在的问题 (3)希望能够得到改进,September, 11 Dear President, I am a sophomore with the Department of Law. My name is WangMing. I am writing to you today to my dissatisfaction with the university Library. You may or may not realize how much our library, the landmark of our university or even of our town, weighs in our minds. It is a place we are most proud of and where we like to spend most of our time. In such an honorable place we have noticed recently some phenomena which hurt our eye. Some seats in the reading rooms are permanently reserved vacant seats, that is, some students “occupy” some seats they never come to use. What a terrible waste of valuable resource! Whats more，some other students are too noisy, talking among themselves, leaving mobile phone beeping anytime. In addition, some library staff are ill-mannered, rude and not helpful most of time. These and other undesirable things have already done damage to the fame of our university and caused a lot of inconvenience to the users. We hope that something can be done to change the current situation. Let our comfortable, quiet, and effective library come back. Sincerely, WangMing,学生习作,Graduate School Rush With the development of education, people are attaching more and more importance of a master degree. An increasingly number of students take postgraduate entrance examination. What is to account for graduate school rush? In fact the reasons are not difficult to get. First, society requires graduates with higher degree. Take computer business for example, they seriously call for person who develop soleware and hardware. second, with the growing number of overall unemployment, graduates hardly seek for a good jod. some feel like taking an ideal job after becoming a postgraduate. Third, for the rapid development of science, so many students are not satisfied with the education of college. While considering above of reasons, i am inclined to continueing further study. And I will work hard for postgraduate entrance exam. 象这样要表达自己观点的文章，结尾用总结吗？,Knowledge and Diploma Knowkedge and diploma which is more essential? Different people have different opinions on this question, Some people believe that the higher diploma, the more benefits you reap. There are several reasons I think, for this considering. First, incoporations demand workforce with high diploma. Second, people with higher degree may take a better position or gain more money and so on. By contrast, others maintain that knowledge is more vital than diploma. Take Bill Gates, the head of Microsoft, for example, he dose not have a MBA degree, still nobody is more wealthy than him. While considering opinions of both sides, I claim that both the knowledge and diploma play inportant parts.,Graduate School Rush As society develops, people are attaching more and more importance to a master degree. Many factors lead to the phenomenon. First,in recent years, more students are admitted into the university, this results in that the number of students who own the bachelor degree is becoming larger. Consequently, there will be more difficulty during job hunting .Secondly, the emplorer requests that the employee should be more competent to carry out the work. In order to find a good job easily, many graduates have to receive further education before they go to work . Personally, in order to adap to the society ,I think I should take part in this rush. Though learning more knowledge, I will be more competitive in job hunting. Besides,I advise that ,As a yongster, we should challinging everying with a optimistic attitude.,现象段落,原因段落,分类、对比段落,解决办法段落,结尾段落,写作万能模块,个人观点,下定义、描述段落,怎样写好发展句,举例法 描述法 因果法 定义法 比较法 分类法,举例法 在主题句中简要、概括地说明一个段落的主题思想之后，可以用具体的、生动的事例来支撑论证主题，向目标读者展示并使他们具体感受主题句中尚未展开的内容和细节。,例如： This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An Introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision.,描述法 1、时间顺序 按时间顺序写作就是按照事物发展在时间上的正常顺序或先后顺序展开段落。在讲述故事或回忆事件时，