江苏2018版高考英语大二轮复习与增分策略专题一语法知识第八讲名词性从句课件.pptx

,第八讲 名词性从句,专题一 语法知识,栏目索引,考点1 what和that引导的名词性从句,考点2 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,考点3 名词性从句中whether与if的比较,考点4 when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句,考点5 “疑问词-ever”引导的名词性从句,解题方法,方法1 位置判断法 方法2 语序判断法 方法3 句子成分分析法,强化练(八),1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of_ it used to charge.(2017江苏，26) A.that B.which C.what D.how,考点1 what和that引导的名词性从句,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,2.It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21) A.why B.what C.as D.that,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,3.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29) A.what B.that C.whether D.why,解析 考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,4.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for. (2015安徽，25) A.what B.whom C.why D.when,解析 考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。空格处引导的从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后跟宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。,5.If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. (2015浙江，6) A.what B.who C.that D.whoever,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,考点归纳,1.what引导名词性从句的五种用法： (1)表示“的东西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。,(2)表示“的人或的样子”： He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ (3)表示“的数量或数目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。,(4)表示“时间”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，大概在那儿站了几个小时。,(5)表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。,2.what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。,He doesnt know what she likes. 他不知道她喜欢什么。 I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他会来看我们的。 I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。,1.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11) A.whether B.that C.which D.what,考点2 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,解析 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,2.After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day. (2016南京、盐城高三一模，26) A.where B.when C.that D.whose,解析 句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。 The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句) 会议不得不推迟的通知是真的。 The notice was that the meeting had to be put off. The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句) 他刚才读的那则通知是真的。,2.在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。 The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted. 在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。,1.She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津，4) A.when B.where C.whether D.what,考点3 名词性从句中whether与if的比较,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea _ he will accept it. A.how B.if C.whether D.that,解析 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是不知道他是否会接受。whether he will accept it是对前面名词idea内容的补充说明。在同位语从句中表“是否”只可用whether不可用if。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A.whether B.when C.which D.where,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether。whether.or not意为“是否”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。 I asked the teacher whether/if it was true. 我问老师这是否是真的。 It all depends on whether theyll help us. 这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。,The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai. 问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。 The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed. 这个问题是否正确还没讨论。,1.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京，26) A.why B.where C.how D.when,考点4 when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,2.We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆，8) A.when B.how C.where D.why,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给卡尔订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,3._ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015北京，35) A.Where B.How C.Why D.When,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,4.The exhibition tells us_ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川，8) A.where B.why C.what D.which,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要做些事情来阻止空气污染。宾语从句中缺少状语，故选项C、D错误；where引导地点状语从句，不符合题意。故选why，表示“的原因”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5._ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25) A.That B.Why C.Where D.How,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,考点归纳,连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点，同时又能引导从句的词，主要有when，where，how，why等。这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义。 When we shall meet again is unknown. 我们何时才能再相见还不知道呢。(when引导主语从句，表示疑问) I dont know how I can get out of such trouble. 我真不知道如何才能摆脱这种困境。(how引导宾语从句，表示疑问),This is where the accident happened. 这是事故发生的地方。(where引导表语从句，不表疑问) I have no idea why he left here. 我不知道他为什么离开这里。(why引导同位语从句，表示疑问),1.Every year，_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京，23) A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever,考点5 “疑问词-ever”引导的名词性从句,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps. (2016北京，24) A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京，33) A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。believe后是宾语从句且从句中缺少主语，四个选项中只有whatever可以作主语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,whichever，whatever，whoever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中作特定的成分，起强调作用，意为“无论，不管”。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。(宾语从句) I believe whatever he says. 我相信他所说的一切。(宾语从句) Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. 不论谁，要想实现一个远大的目标，就必须采取许多细小的步骤。(主语从句),方法1 位置判断法 根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连接词的种类，也有助于对句子的理解。 What he said astonished us. 他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句) Everything depends on whether you have enough money. 一切都看你是否有足够多的钱。(从句在介词后，作介词的宾语，为宾语从句),解题方法,The question is where well go this Sunday. 问题是我们这个周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句) He expressed the hope that he would come to China again. 他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词进行解释说明，为同位语从句),典例1 _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A.Whether B.What C.That D.How,解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。分析句子可知，_ some people regard as a drawback为主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导。that引导主语从句不作成分。,答案,解析,典例2 One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A.that B.how C.what D.why,解析 考查表语从句的引导词。系动词is之后是一个表语从句，而从句的结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。,答案,解析,方法2 语序判断法 一般来说，名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句，其他从句也是如此)，从句的语序要用陈述语序，这样也就很容易作答了。,典例 When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering,解析 考查宾语从句。which引导的从句作know的宾语，从句用陈述语序。故B项为正确答案。,答案,解析,方法3 句子成分分析法 看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that，whether或if；缺成分就用wh-类连接词(包括how，because等)。,典例1 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A.that B.which C.what D.where,解析 句意为：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。分析句子可知，此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。,答案,解析,典例2 Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西，19) A.what B.that C.why D.how,解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：读了多丽丝莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上取得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。,答案,解析,强化练(八),1.The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? Yes.Thats _ I have compromised with the flat owner. (2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，32) A.what B.where C.how D.when,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%？是的。那就是我跟房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where作地点状语，故选B项。,解析,2.The problem _ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017南京三模，23) A.how B.whether C.that D.when,解析 句意为：他将在国内还是国外读大学，这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知，本句是同位语从句，用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.The infrastructure of a country is _ makes everything run well，including things like transport，irrigation，electricity and schools. (2017苏锡常镇四市二模，22) A.which B.that C.where D.what,解析 句意为：一个国家的基础设施是使得一切能正常运行的东西，包括交通、灌溉、电和学校之类的东西。is后是一个表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，且没有范围限制，用what，故选D项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.Learning must bring joy，for we never forget _ we learn with pleasure.(2017苏州调研，26) A.when B.what C.how D.where,解析 句意为：学习一定要带来快乐，因为我们永远不会忘记我们乐意学的东西。分析句子成分可知，动词forget的后面为宾语从句，在宾语从句中，谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.Ive come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is _ they have food in their mouths.(2017南京、盐城一模，30) A.how B.that C.whether D.when,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知，系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知when符合题意。,解析,解析 句意为：你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功？他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知，该句句子结构、意义完整，用that引导主语从句，从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。,6.What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? _ he keeps focused on what he is doing.(2017南通一模，34) A.Because B.How C.Whether D.That,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Hard work，along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success，which is _ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March. (2017苏锡常镇四市一模，32) A.that B.where C.what D.how,解析 句意为：艰苦奋斗以及甘于奉献的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障，这是我们应该从参加长征的先辈身上学习的东西。分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句，从句中谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.With private groups，there is a false sense _ everybody in the groups knows each other and has the same interests in mind. (2017南京、盐城二模，21) A.where B.that C.what D.why,解析 句意为：对于私人团体存在着一种误解，即每个人彼此相互了解并且心中有着相同的兴趣。分析句子成分可知，a false sense的后面为同位语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意。故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.The prize winner described to the class _ he had managed to achieve excellence in his studies.(2017苏北六市联考，31) A.if B.how C.what D.thatl,解析 句意为：获奖者向同学们描述了他如何设法在他的学习中取得卓越成绩的。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作describe的宾语；describe sth.to sb.向某人描述某物，在此句中，to the class提前后增加了辨识句子结构的难度，宾语从句中缺少方式状语，用how引导，故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：你认为是什么使得见字如面这个电视节目这么受欢迎？是每封信背后的那种人性触动了观众的心弦。第二句话是个省略句，补充完整应该是：_ the kind of humanity behind every letter touches the heartstrings of the audience makes the TV show Letters Alive a big hit.，由此可知第二句话实际上是个不缺成分的主语从句。故选A项。,10.What do you think makes the TV show Letters Alive a big hit? _ the kind of humanity behind every letter touches the heartstrings of the audience.(2017盐城三模，31) A.That B.What C.Whether D.Because,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.The average income of Changzhou，though still well below that of Suzhou，has been on the increase and is three times _ it was in 2001.(2017盐城阜宁中学模拟，29) A.that B.which C.what D.how,解析 句意为：尽管常州的平均收入远远低于苏州，但是已经开始增长并且现在是2001年的三倍。分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句。在表语从句中，系动词was的后面缺少表语，结合句意可知what符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.Hes never thought of getting addicted to drugs and _ destructive dangers they will bring him. (2017如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考，34) A.how B.whether C.what D.whose,解析 句意为：他从未想过会沉溺于毒品，也没有想过它们会给他带来什么毁灭性的危害。此处为宾语从句，作thought of的宾语，故C项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.Its not what you have in your life but _ you have in your life that matters.(2017南通如皋教学质量调研三，29) A.who B.that C.which D.what,解析 句意为：重要的不是你生活中拥有什么，而是你拥有谁。使用强调句，强调的是not.but.连接的并列的主语从句。第二个主语从句中have后面缺少宾语，排除that，根据句意应该是who。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.Its difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays. Thats it！The Chinese government will do _ it takes to get them back.(2016苏北四市质量抽测，25) A.whatever B.whoever C.whichever D.wherever,解析 句意为：现在腐败官员藏身海外非常困难。确实如此，中国政府将不惜一切代价把他们引渡回国。whatever相当于anything that。do缺少宾语，而宾语从句_ it takes to get them back中take也缺少宾语，故选A项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Passion is passion and it doesnt matter _ its directed. Exactly，it can be coins or sports or politics. (2016南京、盐城二模，29) A.why B.how C.whether D.where,解析 句意为：激情就是激情，它被引向何处并不重要。确切地说，它可以是搜集硬币，参与运动或者是投身政治。根据句意，选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.The Olympic Games，the worlds greatest sporting event，advocat