2019高中英语Unit1BreakingrecordsSectionⅠWarmingUp.docx

Unit 1 Breaking recordsThe Coldest MarathonHow cold is too cold for a jog? For most people, belowfreezing temperatures generally put a stop to outdoor exercise, but Siberian native Boris Fyodorov is not most people.Minutes after the calendar ticked over to 2014 this past New Years Eve, Fyodorov set off on a solo, outandback marathon run from his home in the Siberian village of Oymyakon, completing the 26.2mile course his first marathon in just over five hours. During the run he experienced temperatures as low as 38 .And that was just the way he wanted it. “I heard about other marathons around the globe, naming themselves the coldest，like the most recent North Pole marathon with runners going at 28 ，” Fyodorov told the Siberian Times.“I thought surely this cannot be right. Our Oymyakon is the coldest inhabited place in northern hemisphere. Why dont we arrange a marathon here？”Oymyakon is widely considered to be one of the coldest places on the planet, and its recordlow temperature of 68 ， recorded in 1933, is tied for the coldest recorded temperature for any inhabited place on Earth. The average January temperature in the area is 50 .Not only did Fyodorov finish the marathon in high spirits, but he also wants it to be colder the next time he tries it. “I really want to organize the next Oymyakon marathon in January when the air goes down to 50 or 60 ，” he said.True (T) or False (F)：1Fyodorov completed the 26.2mile course in only five hours.()2Fyodorov wants to challenge himself next time.()答案：1.F2.TSection_Warming_Up_&_Reading.高频单词点击1lunge n& v刺；跃进；前冲2approximate adj.近似的；大概的approximately adv.近似地，大约地3conventional adj.习俗的；传统的convention n集合，习俗，惯例4laughter n笑；笑声laugh v. & n. 大笑；嘲笑5adjustment_n调整；调节adjust v调整，调节6tough adj.强硬的；困难的 adv.顽强地7extreme adj.极端的；偏激的extremely adv.极端地，非常8vomit v呕吐 n呕吐；呕吐物9unfit adj.不适宜的；不太健康的fit adj.健康的，适合的10fascinate vt.使着迷；入迷fascinating adj.迷人的fascination n魅力11meditation n沉思；冥想meditate v冥思，策划，谋划12urge n推动力，激励，驱策 vt.催促；力劝 vi.强烈要求，极力主张urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的urgency n紧急13accomplish vt.完成；实现accomplishment n完成，成就14motivation n动机motivate v激励，激发15devotion n热爱；投入devote v献身，致力.重点短语必记1in reality事实上，现实意义上的2be hard on 对苛刻，对刻薄3come through 穿过，克服，完成4ahead of 在之前，优于5get into 被录取，使处于状态.常用句型必备1While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect，in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.2Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds，hearts and spiritual selves.3He believes that there_is_no_limit_to peoples physical abilities.课文大意理解1Which of the following is not Ashritas beliefs?ATheres no limit to peoples physical abilities.BId like to think that I was a role model，that people see my sport and say “Wow，Id like to try that”CThe body is just an instrument of the spirit.DYou can use your sprit to accomplish anything.答案：B2What are some of the physical difficulties Ashrita has experienced when somersaulting?ADizziness，extreme tiredness and pain.BStruggle to stay on top.CNeck adjustments.DLegs shaking.答案：A3The number of continents in which Ashrita has broken records is_.AfiveBsixCseven Dfour答案：C4Which of the following topics about Ashrita does the text cover?AAshritas family life.BPlace and date of birth.CHis occupation.DHis first Guinness record.答案：D5Whats the main idea of the text?AHow Ashrita came to be a sportsman. BAshritas physical skills.CAshritas beliefs and success.DGuinness records Ashrita has broken.答案：C.根据课文改错1More than twenty of these he still holds，including the record of having the most records._答案：第二个of改为for2It takes a lot of concentration and great sense of balance to stay on it._答案：great前加a3Ashrita came to be a sportsman is an interesting story._答案：Ashrita前加How4While Ashrita makes stand on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy，it is not._答案：stand改为standing5Every time when Ashrita tries to break a record，he reaches a point where he feels he can not physically do any more._答案：去掉when.课文缩写填空Ashrita Furman likes the _1_of breaking Guinness records.He has broken_2_93 Guinness records，but these records are not made in any _3_sport.Ashrita attempts to break records in very _4_events，such as hula hooping，pogo stick jumping and somersaulting.While these activities might seem childish，in _5_they require a great deal.How Ashrita came to be a sportsman is interesting.His _6_comes through his _7_to Sri Chinmoy，his teacher.Sri Chinmoy is an Indian_8_teacher and he believes there is no limit to peoples physical abilities.Sri Chinmoy _9_Ashrita to enter the marathon.When he won third place，he came to the understanding that he is able to _10_anything.With this confidence.Ashrita keeps trying to break records.答案：1.challenges2.approximately3.conventional4.imaginative5.reality6.motivation7.devotion8.meditation9.urged10.accomplish单词点击1approximate(1)adj.近似的，大概的The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900.市政办公大楼前示威的人数大约有九百人。(2)v.使接近，近似；近似计算，概略估算approximate tobe approximate to接近approximately adv. 大约；近似地Your story only approximates to the real facts.你所说的仅仅是接近事实真相。The journey took approximately seven hours.旅行大约用了七个小时。 Rainfall during the period we were there_the yearly average.Aapproximated Bapproximated toCwere approximate Dapproximately to解析：选B句意：我们在的那段时间降雨量接近年均水平。此处可用approximated to或was approximate to表达“接近”之意。2reality n真实，实在；事实；逼真，活现He doubted the reality of what he had seen，thinking he must have dreamed it.他不相信自己所见到的是真的，以为自己一定是在做梦。It is sometimes hard to face reality.有时很难面对现实。He can describe all things with reality.他可以把所有的事情都描绘得活灵活现。in reality (in fact)事实上，实际上make sth.a reality 实现某事，落实Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。 They agreed to the plan _ but there were several details they didnt like.Ain details Bin orderCin reality Din principle解析：选D考查介词短语。句意：他们基本上同意这个计划，但有些细节他们并不喜欢。in principle“大体上，基本上”，符合句意。in details“详细地”；in order“就绪；妥当”；in reality“事实上”。3tough(1)adj.困难的That task we should finish in two days was tough.要我们两天之内完成的那项任务很困难。(2)adj.强硬的；坚韧的This material is as tough as leather.这料子像皮革般坚韧。(3)adj.难对付的，棘手的a tough job/problem棘手的工作/问题get tough with(以强硬方式)惩罚，对付be tough on 严格对待Its about time that the school started to get tough with bullies.现在学校该对侍强凌弱者开始采取严厉措施了。 (1)Dont be_(对他太无情)He was only trying to help.(2)My mother_my elder sister than she was on me(对我姐姐比对我严厉)答案：(1)too tough on him(2)was tougher on4extreme(1)adj.极度的，偏远的，末端的，偏激的，狂热过分的His hometown lies in the extreme edge of the forest.他的家乡位于森林的最边缘。(2)n.完全相反的事物(常用pl.)；极端，最高程度Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing.He goes from one extreme to the other.他有时吃得太多，有时不吃，从一个极端走到另一极端。go to extremes/take sth.to extremes采取极端行为in the extreme非常，极度extremely adv. 极其，非常Taken to extremes，this kind of behaviour can be dangerous.这种行为如果走向极端将是非常危险的。The journey would be difficult in the extreme.这段旅程将极其艰难。 Theres no denying that love and hate are_of passion.Aextremes Ban extremeCextreme Dthe extreme解析：选Aextreme在此作名词，意为“完全相反的事物，极端”，多用复数形式。句意：不可否认爱和恨是感情的极端。5unfit adj.不太健康的；不适宜的The water is unfit to drink.这水不宜饮用。She was unfit and could not play in the big match.她身体状况不佳，不能参加这次大赛。反义词fit(1)adj. 健壮的；健康的keep fit保持健康She tries to keep fit by jogging every day.他试图从每天慢跑来保持身体健康。(2)adj.(质量、素质或技能)适合的，恰当的，合格的，经常和不定式或介词连用。be fit to do sth.适合做某事be fit for sth. 适合Your car isnt fit to be on the road.你的车子还不适合上马路。The food is not fit for human consumption.这食物不适合人吃。 (1)她从不锻炼身体一定不好。_(2)他不适宜担任公职。_答案：(1)She never takes any exerciseshe must be unfit.(2)He is unfit for public office.6fascinate vt.迷住；使神魂颠倒；吸引China is always fascinating me.中国一直令我神往。I was fascinated by her sweet voice.我被她甜美的嗓音迷住了。be fascinated with/by被吸引，迷住fascination n. 魅力，着迷fascinated adj. 入迷的，感兴趣的fascinating adj. 迷人的We were fascinated with the beauty of Mount Huang.我们被黄山的美景所吸引住了。fascinate，attract，charm(1)fascinate通常含有使人无法拒绝，无法摆脱的意味。(2)attract普通用语，指客观上吸引人的注意力。(3)charm侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这则新颖的广告吸引住了。He charms everyone he meets.他使他遇见的每个人都感到愉快。 The boy was so_with the cyber games that he would spend hours sitting in front of the computer.Aabsorbed BfascinatedCmoved Dtouched解析：选Babsorb“吸引，吸收”，多用于“be absorbed in”结构；fascinate“迷住，吸引”；move“感动，移动”；touch“打动”。句意：那个男孩被电脑游戏迷住了，在电脑前一坐就是几小时。7urge vt.力劝；催促He urged us that we should go at once.他督促我们马上走。The manager urged his stuff on.经理激励员工更加努力。(1)urge(2)urge n强烈的欲望，冲动get/have/feel/give in to a sudden urge to do sth. 心血来潮去干(3)urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的in urgent need of 亟待She urged me to give up smoking and made it at last.她力劝我戒烟，最后我做到了。The situation in that area is dangerous，but the UN is urging caution on all the forces.那一地区的局势岌岌可危，但联合国竭力主张各方力量谨慎行事。This law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。 The report urged that all children_to swim.Aare taught Bwere taughtCwill be taught Dbe taught解析：选Durge后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”。8accomplish vt.完成，贯彻，实现(计划等)，达到(目的)；实行He hopes to accomplish all his aims by the end of the year.他希望在年底前实现所有的目标。We have accomplished all we set out to do.所有计划要做的事情，我们都已完成。This task was accomplished with great effort.完成这项任务花了很大力气。accomplishment nC成就，完成accomplished adj. 有才华的，有(艺术)造诣的Playing the piano is one of her many accomplishments.弹钢琴是她的多项才能之一。accomplish，finish，achieve，complete，end(1)accomplish指成功地完成预期的目标、任务等，通常接task，aim，journey，voyage等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意。(2)finish多指日常事务的完成，强调事情了结终止。(3)achieve多指排除困难完成宏伟计划或大业。(4)complete则强调事物完整地完成或终结，多指使计划、理想、工程、事业等圆满完成。(5)end停止某一活动，不管是否达到目标。作不及物动词时，一般与介词with，in，by连用；作及物动词时后直接跟名词。 用finish，complete，end与accomplish的适当形式填空(1)Have you_writing your novel?(2)Two of the runners failed_the whole race.(3)Do you know when the railway station will_？(4)Women have to_full equality in the workplace.(5)The attempt_in failure.(6)I dont feel I_very much today.答案：(1)finished(2)to finish(3)be completed(4)achieve(5)ended(6)have accomplished9devotion n献身；忠心People admire him for his devotion to his duty.人们因为他忠于职守而赞美他。The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.把过多的时间用于体育运动就使得用于学习的时间太少了。(1)devote v献身；致力devote oneself to. 致力于；献身于devote time/money/energy to (doing) sth.把时间、金钱、精力用在上(2)devoted adj. 热爱的，忠实的；慈爱的be devoted to. 忠实于；热心于；专心于a devoted friend 忠实的朋友He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding a cure for the disease.他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。Devoted to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.她献身于科学研究，几乎没有时间照看自己的孩子。 _to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.ADevoting BDevotedCHaving devoted DTo devote解析：选B句意：教授致力于研究工作，对其他任何事情都关心甚少。devote是及物动词，一般用法是sb. is devoted to (doing) sth.或devote oneself to (doing) sth.。本句中the professor和devote之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式devoted作原因状语。短语精析1ahead of(1)(时间、空间)在前面She left one day ahead of him.她比他提前一天离开了。Ahead of us stretches a forest.我们前面是一片森林。(2)领先She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.她总是遥遥领先于班上的其他同学。He is ahead of the age.他站在时代的前列。go ahead先走；行；可以；进行May I start now？我可以开始了吗？Yes，go ahead.可以，开始吧。Ill go ahead and tell them youre on the way.我要先走一步，告诉他们你在路上。The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.新桥的修建将按计划进行。 (1)The meeting was held_(提前)(2)The black horse began to_(领先)答案：(1)ahead of time(2)go ahead2get into sth. 被录取，穿上，养成习惯，学会，产生兴趣，使处于状态He got into parliament in 1997.他1997年当选为下议院议员。How did you get into drugs？你是怎么染上毒品的？Im getting into Jazz these days.我最近开始喜欢爵士乐。 (1)I havent really got_into my new job yet.()(2)I cant get_into these shoesthey are too small.()(3)He had got_into the habit of walking home through the park.()(4)Dont get_into a temper about it.()答案：(1)习惯于(2)穿上(3)养成(习惯)(4)使处于状态3come through 经历(灾难等)仍活下来，安然度过；脱险；出来，到达；(电报)收到，(电话)接通；达到目的，获得成功，胜利Your posting has just come throughyou are going to Hong Kong.你的调令刚到去香港。She was lucky to come through the operation.她手术后能活下来真是幸运。come about发生come along 进步；进展come around/round 恢复知觉；苏醒come down (价格、温度等)下降、降低come on 快，加油，加把劲come out (花)盛开；开花come to 被想出；总计come up 被提出；长出地面come across (偶然)遇见，碰见，发现How did it come about that some flowers came out earlier this year？今年有些花开得早是怎么回事啊？Come on！The temperature is coming down.快点！温度开始下降了。 How did it _ that you made such a silly mistake?I myself havent figured it out yet.Abring about Bcome aboutCcome across Dcome on解析：选B考查句型How does/did it come about that .？“是怎么回事？”。bring about“导致；引起”；come across “偶然碰到”；come on“加油”。句型归纳1While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect，in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。while“(用于句首)虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。While Ashrita makes standing on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy，it is not.虽然阿西里塔福尔曼站在75厘米的平衡球上让人看上去不难，但(实际上)不容易。While I understand what you say，I cant agree with you.虽然你说的我懂，可是我还是不同意。while当连词用还有以下含义：(1)当的时候(2)(对比两件事)而，然而You can go swimming while Im having lunch.我吃午饭时，你可以去游泳。You like sports，while Id rather read.你喜欢体育，而我喜欢阅读。 In some places women are expected to earn money_ men work at home and raise their children.Abut BwhileCbecause Dthough解析：选B句意：在一些地方，指望妇女去挣钱，而男人却在家做事，带孩子。while表示对比，有“而，然而”的意思，符合语境。2Sir Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds，hearts and spiritual selves.斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。as.as用于平等的比较。I want to have a box twice as large as this.我想要一个是这个两倍大的盒子。It isnt as/so big as you think it is.它并没有你想的那么大。比较以下两句话：as.as常构成下列结构：It is as important for me to learn English well as it is to learn Chinese well.对我来说，学好英语与学好汉语一样重要。They produced twice as many cars in 2014 as the year before.他们2014年生产的汽车是前一年的两倍。They settled down in Tsingdao，which is as beautiful a city as Shanghai.他们在青岛定居下来，这是一个和上海一样美的城市。 I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times_.Aas much Bas manyCso much Dso many解析：选A本题考查倍数表达法。补全后的句子应是.but it costs almost three times as much as that one。表示钱的多少用much而不用many。3He believes that there_is_no_limit_to peoples physical abilities.他相信人的潜能是无止境的。there is no limit to sb./sth.对于来说是无止境的There is a limit to how much Im prepared to spend.我准备花多少钱是有限度的。(1)limit . to . 把限制在内(2)beyond the limit 超过限度within the limits of 在范围内set a limit to sth. 对规定限度there is a/no limit to 对是有限的/无限的(3)limited adj. 有限的be limited to sth. 受限制于I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.我认为教学不应该局限在教室里。There is a limit to ones life, but no limit to serving the people.一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。He was born in a poor family, and only received limited education in his childhood.(浙江高考书面表达)他出生在一个贫困家庭中，童年时期仅仅接受了有限的教育。 (湖北高考)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _our thinking.Adirect BlimitCchange Dimprove解析：选B考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如果我们想成功， 学识很重要，但是它们也可能会限制我们的思维。 direct“指导；管理”； limit“限制”；change“改变”；improve“改善；改进”。4Rather Ashrita attempts to break records in very imaginative events and in very interesting places.相反，阿西里塔却试图在有创意的项目上以及非常有趣的地方打破纪录。rather在此是副词，意思是“相反，而是”，表示提出不同于先前所说的或相反的观点。The walls wer