最新高三英语题型专项课件：完型填空.ppt

,Welcome!,Cloze Text,Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are, it is the same with the challenges that come with friendship. When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two choices. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing presenting the challenge isnt worth the trouble and call it quits. Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most cases all that is needed is commitment and communication. When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to face it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. If you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,” rather than“You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger. Its all part of growing up, it happens to everyone, and some day you will look back to all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”,1,一、命题特点 1、考查目的： 完型填空是对一篇语意完整的短文有目的的挖出一些空白， 造成信息链的中断，让考生在重新理解短文的基础上，综合运用所 学知识和常识，对每个空格的被选选项做出尽可能合理的分析判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新建构的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。,It is a complexed form of reading comprehension and practising abilities. Including: Understanding in the context Usages of the words and phrases Logical guessing Cultural background and customs,2,6、命题预测： 题材、体裁、题型设置以及选项设置将继续保持以前的特点； 材料将继续选用英语文化背景下的文章； 纯语法题将会继续减少，对语法的考查将体现在考生对长难 句和一些语言现象的理解上； 生词量有增无减，对词汇的考查将体现在考生克服文章中 或选项中的生词障碍上，同时文章中和选项中都会体现一些 常用词义的延伸和拓展的考查，还会加大结合上下文情景及 背景知识进行词义辨析的题目 对理解能力的考查将体现在正确的英语思维能力、合理的推理 判断能力、高度的概括全文大意能力及准确的把握论点从而解 决词义辨析题的能力上。 文章字数有可能减少，但这样挖空密度会缩小，而文章短、字 树少对考生在信息缺失情况下把握文章的能力提出了更高的要 求。,二、解题技巧 三种思维能力：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑 三大解题步骤：浏览、细读、验证 1、浏览全文，抓准主旨 考生在答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应先通篇浏览短文，掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件发展的脉络情节只有抓住了文章的主旨大意后，考生围绕大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨，一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项也就会迎刃而解。 注意：要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是据以判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,how),例如：全国卷二（2004） Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese-American writer. But her writing 36 was something she picked up by herself.,撇开选项不谈，单从这一首句，我们可以捕捉到如下信息： （1）她的身份是作家 （2）国籍是美籍华人 （3）很出名 （4）从时态看她还活着 可以推测： 有可能这篇文章是介绍Tracy Wong及其作品的文章，对她和作 品的介绍可能是这篇文章的主要内容。七个单词就给我们提供了这 么多的信息，就给我们向下阅读提供了心理准备，并且有了良好的 开端。,If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. Dear Laura, I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love Would happen in todays world.,注意：要注意尾句的提示和总结作用,Result of a story Conclusion of a story Humor end summary,例如：(2005全国卷） I called the owner and asked what the man wanted,“Well,”he said,” that man was a detective. He followed you here because he thought you were the man he was looking for. Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a mistake.” 文章叙述自己在餐馆吃饭，发现有人盯梢，作者倍感困惑。直到最后，作者才通过餐馆老板的口得知：原来这个人是侦探，把我错当成了罪犯。读到此处我们才能彻底理解作者的用意：向我们叙述自己生活中的一场虚惊。,2、细读全文，透析文意 .看清上下文，找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的 词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如： 1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此 答案为A。 2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加 强语气，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此 答案是A。 3) 2007高考题 painful,shape,face,5,注意上下文的内在联系，是做好完型填空的保证，而断章取义，就题论题，忽视前后文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。信息提示有时出现在前文，有时出现在后文，有时出现在本空所在的句子，这些都需要学生在做题时边读边思考，边读边储存信息，边读边注意前后联系，这也是第一遍通览全文的主要作用。 例如：（2007高考题中的come to,friendship,commitment, ) 通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如： Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to故 答案为C。,牢固掌握重点单词词组词意、用法及语法知识 例如：(NMET2007) If you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,” _49_ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. A.other than B. rather than C. or rather D. or else 本题考查的是四个词组的区别，other than 除了 rather than而不是or rather 更确切 的说 or else 否则， 根据上下文这里应填B. “Give me a hand,”he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as 四个选项都可以表示时间。while强调一段时间内进行的动作，常与进行 时连用；till表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for表示的是动作持续 了一段时间；as连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D， 表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。,.看清执行者，确定所选词 And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思 是“记录”。 Japan is an island country and its go all over the Pacific looking for fish to . A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh 只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，因此第一个空答案A 为。 捕鱼用动词catch，第二个空答案为B。,根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。 常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。 It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表 示转折的连词but.,.了解生活常识，确定相关知识 (Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就 医，因此答案为D。 you the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day . A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. begins the international dateline是国际日期变更线，是人们所规定的，看 不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案 分别为B和D.,3、全面验证，理清逻辑 考生在选项填完后，一定要通读短文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文衔接是否合理；另外，连词、副词也是完形填空常考的词，考生选择后要特别注意上下文的语气、语态，避免出现逻辑混乱。如果做完以后，对文章的线索、脉络以及主旨寓意没有“明朗”的感觉，而是似懂非懂，犹如“雾里看花”，那就证明你对文章的把握还有问题，那就更要认真复读全文，验证答案，从内在逻辑入手，明确文章表层含义的同时，更要挖掘文章的深层含义，仔细推敲整篇文章的逻辑，结合文章推断作者要告诉我们怎样的道理，是否准确的把握了文中主人公的心理活动等，从而对部分答案进行重新理解和修正。有的同学做完以后，不加核查边草草收场，常会让明显的错误从眼前跳过，造成不应有的遗憾。,三、复习重点,1、 多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯语法等，如： do damage to，take advantage of，kill time，make way。,2、 词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考 查词汇的运用能力。,3、 熟练的语法知识，主要包括从句的引导词、主谓一致、 名词或代词的格或数、非谓语动词的用法、平行结构、倒装 结构、强调句型、情态动词、虚拟语气、动词时态和语态等。 尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识 不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也 很有帮助。,4、 注意行文逻辑。要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转 折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较 关系、对比关系等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。,5、 前后语境，注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常 识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析和推理的能力；熟悉 前、后制性设空和语篇设空的特点。（所谓后制性设空，是 指设空的答案由未读过的下文决定；如果设空的答案由已读 过的上文决定，则为前制性设空；需要综合上下文而定的答 案，则为语篇性设空。完形填空的设空答案有的由一个句子 决定，有的由相邻不远的句子决定，还有的则由语篇内容综 合决定。） 6、 掌握几种实用的解题方法。要学会根据上下文的同义词 线索、环境线索、对比线索、因果线索、顺序线索等进行分 析判断。,7、高一高二的教与学应该低起点，重基础。重视基础知识的掌握和基础题型的练习，如翻译句子、选词填空、填上合适的词完成短文等，同时也可以设置符合完型填空设题特点的短小精悍的题目，循序渐进的进行“完形填空”的单句或某一段的挖空训练，为以后的综合练习奠定良好的基础。,后暗示 In this 1 , professors always take every opportunity to push textbooks aside and expose students to real 2 . A. classroom B. means C. university D. hall A.facts B. lessons C. adventures D. experiences 前提示 Young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. At least fifty _ stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year. A. film B. rock C. jazz D. movie Neil Young who performs 1 torn blue jeans, sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000,each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket. 2 paying expenses, Young leaves with about $18,000 in his blue 3 at the end of an evening. 1. A. in B. with C. for D. on 2. A. Before B. Beside C. A