定语从句(attributiveclauses).ppt

定语从句Attributive Clauses,who 、 whom、that引导的定语从句 which、that引导的定语从句 介词前置的定语从句 关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 whose引导的定语从句 附加数量的定语从句 as which引导的定语从句 定语从句与结果状语从句、地点状语从句 名词性从句、同位语从句、强调句的区别 关系代词、副词的选择,定语从句Attributive Clauses,定语从句又称作形容词性从句.在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句. 请看下面两个句子: 1).The girl who/that is standing in front of the class is Joe.(站在同学们面前的那个女孩是乔.) 2).The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣.）,在第一个句子中,主句是The girl is Joe.而who/that is standing in front of the class 就是限定girl的一个定语从句. 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词中心词girl叫做先行词.而who/that(它就是girl)叫做关系代词。 问：例2中主句、定语从句、先行词、关系代词各是什么？ （一）像例1）中当先行词是人，且在定语从句作主语时，关系代词用 who/that,而且不可省略。,例3.The boy who/that is flying a kite over there is Bill. 例4.Do you know the girl whothat is sitting in the first row? 例5.Do you still remember the man who/that visited our school last week? 例6.Tom is the student who/that broke the window yesterday.,你能翻译下列句子吗？ 1. 昨天迟到的那个男孩叫李明。 The boy who/that was late yesterday is Liming. 2.你认识站在操场上的那个女孩吗？ Do you know the girl who/that is standing on the playground? 3.昨天帮助丽丽的那个男人是我叔叔。 The man who/that helped Lily yesterday is my uncle.,4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。 I dont know the girl who/that is playing by the river. 5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。 The boy who/that went to the cinema with me yesterday is Yang yang. 6.作家是一位经常写书的人。 A writer is a person who/that writes books. 问：都译对了吗？ (二)当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,关系代,词用（whowhom that）,而且经常省略。 例7.The man (whowhomthat) we met in the street yesterday is Mr. Green. 例8.Do you still remember the girl (whowhom that) we talked about last night? 问：你能翻译下列句子吗？ 1.我们昨天在街上看到的男人是Smith.,The man who/whom/that we met in the street yesterday is Mr. Smith 2.你认识昨天妈妈谈话的那位阿姨吗？ Do you know the aunt who /whom /that mother talked with yesterday? 3.我们上星期天在湖边遇到的叔叔叫Brown。 The uncle who/whom/that we met by the lake last week is Brown. 4.你还记得我们昨晚谈到的那位老师吗？ Do you remember the teacher who/whom/that we talked about last night.,5.我不认识爸爸前天和他一起去公园的那位叔叔。 I dont know the uncle who/whom/that my father went to the park with the day before yesterday. 要注意：定语从句中有了关系代词作宾语，即使省略了，也不要带重复的人称代词宾语。 请改正下列句子： 1.The waiter I saw in the restaurant yesterday is very friendly. 2.Do you know the woman we met in the bus last Sunday? 3.The boy Mother talked with just now is Bill.,him,her,him,（三）.当先行词是物时,关系代词用which/that.在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，而作宾语时经常省略。你知道例2)中关系代词在定语从句中的作用吗？ 例9.A plane is a machine which/that can fly. 例10.The book (which/that) we bought in the bookstore yesterday is very interesting. 例11.whose is the car which/that is running in the street? 例12.The cakes (which/that) my mother cooked are very delicious.,你能正确翻译下列句子吗？ 1.收割机（A harvest machine）是一种能够收获（get in） 庄稼（crops）的机器。 A harvest machine is a machine which/that can get in the crops. 2.爸爸去年建的房子很漂亮。 The house (which/that) father built last year is very beautiful. 3.我喜欢吃妈妈做的面条。 I like eating noodles (which/that) my mother cooked. 4.你找到你上星期丢的那本字典了吗？,Have you found the dictionary (which/that) you lost last week? 5.你能看到正在天上飞的那只风筝吗？ Can you see the kite which/that is flying in the sky? 下列句子出现了错误，你能改正一下吗？ 1.The apples my mother bought in the market are delicious. 2.I have not found the book I lost on the playground last week.,them,it,（四）.介词前置的定语从句: 1.Do you know the girl (who/whom/that) the teacher is talking with? Do you know the girl with whom the teacher is talking? 2.Greece is the country (which/that) the Olympic Games was born in. Greece is the country in which the Olympic Games was born.,注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom；先行词是物 只能用which,而且均不可省略. 你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗? 1.那就是Lily出生的那个农场. That is the farm on which Lily was born. 2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？ have you been to the factory in which your uncle works? 3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？ Have you seen the teacher about whom your mother talked?,4昨天我们参观了那位伟大作家曾经住过的房子. We visited the house in which the great writer lived yesterday. 5昨天晚上我和他一起去看电影的男孩叫Bob. The boy with whom I went to the cinema last night is Bob. 6.Ann就是我上星期写信的那位女孩。 Ann is the girl to whom I wrote a letter last week. （五）. 由关系副词when 、where 、why等引导的定语从句：当先行词为时间或地点和原因，而且,在定语从句中作状语(做主、宾语要用which、that)，这时分别when、where和why等关系副词来因导定语从句。 例17).This is the house where/in which Shakespeare once lived. 例18）.Do you still remember the day when/on which we visited the Summer Palace? 例19）.That is the reason why/for which/that/#Lily was late for the party. 20）.例This is the way in which/that/#I worked out the problem.,请用适当关系副词、代词完成下列句子： 1. July 1st.is the day _my father joined the Party. July 1st.is the day _he will never forget 2. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. _ we visited the Great Wall. 3. Have you been to the house _ LuXun once lived? _ your father bought?,When/on which,Which/that,Which/that,When/on which,Where/in which,Which/that,4. New York , _ we visited last year ,is a big city. , _ my aunt lives, , in_ my aunt lives, 5. Thats the reason _ he didnt go to the cinema. _ he explained for his delay. 6.Thats the way _ we finished the work on time. _ he told me to finish the work on time.,Which,Where/in which,Which,Why/for which/that/#,Which/that,In which/that/#,Which/that,(六）.由whose引导的定语从句： 当先行词与定语从句的第一个名词是所有关系时，无论先行词是人还是物，经常用whose来引导定语从句： 例13. Yang Mei is the girl whose father is an engineer. 例14. The desk whose leg is broken is mine. 请翻译下列句子： 1.你认识叔叔是作家的那位男孩吗？ Do you know the boy whose uncle is a writer?,2.昨天车坏了的那位阿姨叫Nancy. The aunt whose car was broken yesterday is Nancy. 3.我叔叔工作的那个农场的老板叫Brown. The boss on whose farm my uncle works is Mr. Brown. 4.我姐姐学习的那个学校的校长是Green. The headmaster in whose school my sister studies is Mr. Green.,注意：whose.可用.of which/.of whom来取代.先行词是物用前者，人用后者.亦可换为of which./of whom. 例：the girl whose uncle=the uncle of whom=of whom the uncle.而the house whose window=the window of which=of which the window. 你能把上面各题变换一下吗？,（七）.表示附加数量的非限制性定语从句.常用both、either、neither、all、some、most、half、none、the majority及数词+of whom/which的形式。 例15：There are sixty students in my class, most of whom like singing. 例16）.I have ten English novels, seven of which were written by Mark Twain.只要两句之间是用逗号隔开，而且没有连词，先行词是人，用of whom，先行词是物，用of which.,请把下列句子译成英语： 1.这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都去过长城。 The old man has two sons, both of whom have been to the Greet Wall. 2.我有两本故事书，没有一本是马克.吐温写的。 I have two story-books, neither of which was written by Mark twain. 3.我班有60个孩子，其中40个是女孩。 There are sixty children in my class, forty of whom are girls.,4.Mr. Green有六辆汽车，都是中国造的. Mr. Green has six cars, all of which were made in China. 注意：如果中间用句号、分号或有了连词或者后句没有谓语动词，不再用whom或which，而用them . （八）.由as和which的非限制性定语从句: 在非限制性定语从句中,有时as(常用于句首), which（不用于句首）来代替前或后面的整,Which/that,个主句，而非一个名词或代词，经常译作“正如/像, 这件事” : 其实，当先行词为as、such、the same、so修饰时，as可引导限制性定语从句，在句子中作主语和宾语： 例21）.Ann is such an honest girl as everyone likes. 例22).This is the same book as I lost yesterday .,而非限制定语从句中as代替后面或前面的整个主 句。 例23）.As we all know ,Taiwan is part of China. As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. 例24）.As we expected, he got the first prize in the English competition. As is expected, he got the first prize in the English,competition. 例25）. As is reported in the newspaper, the peace talk between the two countries has broken down. 例26）. As is often the case with Tom, he was late again. Which代表整个句子，只能放在主句的后面，而不能位于句首： 例27). He got the first prize in the math competition, which made his mother very happy.,例28）.She was late again, which made the teacher very angry. 例29）.Lucy often show off her role in the play, which, of course, made others very angry. 注意：(I).用于句首，只能用as,而不用which. (II). as多用于：as we all know (as everyone knows)/as is known to us all; as we expect/as is expected; as everyone can see / as is said/as is thought / as is reported/ as is believed/as is suggested/as is often the,case等一些固定结构中. (III).如果这个句子意思上并非顺着说下去，而稍微有转折时，只能用which，而不用as. 例30).Lily passed the exam, as/which we had expected.(两者均可). 例: 31）.Lily got the first prize, which I hadnt expected. , which is more than I had expected.,which is beyond my wildest dream.（不能用as） 完成下列练习： 1._is reported in the newspaper, the peace talks between the two countries are making progress. 2._is often the case, Ann came to school very early. 3.The owner of the cinema needed to make,As,As,The two country,improvement and employ more people, _meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. 4._ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the meeting. 5.Lily often talks of her role in the play, _,of course, makes other unhappy.,which,As,which,6.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we had expected. 7.Kunming is such a beautiful city _thousands of tourists go to visit. 8.The story book is written in such easyEnglish _ beginners can understand.,as,as,which,（九）.比较结果状语从句得区别： 9. Lily is such a clever girl_ all her teachers like her.（去掉her用as). 10.This is so interesting a book_ everyone likes to read. (read后加it用that） 先行词为the same 修饰时，as表示类似；that表示同一个： 11.This is the same book _ I saw in the bookstore.,that,as,as,12.This is the same girl _ I saw in the street. （十）定语从句与状语从句的区别： 1.I will put up the picture_ I can see it every day. 2.You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. 3.The doctor advised mother to stay _ the air is fresher.,where,where,where,that,4.You had better not leave the medicine_ kids can get at it. 5.Young people should go_ they are most needed.(加上the place定语从句）。 （十一）.定语从句与名词性从句的区别： he said is true. 2.He did_ he could to help her. 3._ breaks the rules should be punished.,where,where,What/All that,What/All that,Whoever/Anyone who,4.Id like to give the book to_ is worthy of it. 5.The traffic was heavy. That is _ he was late. 6.The traffic was heavy. That is the reason _ he was late. 7.That is the way_ I worked out the problem. 8.That is _ I worked out the problem.,Whoever/anyone who,why,Why/for which/that/#,In which/that/#,how,9.The house is _ Luxor once lived. 10.That is the house_ my grandpa once lived. （十二）.定语从句 与同位语从句的区别： 1.Mother made a promise_ she would buy me a new bike if I pass the coming exam. 2.The promise_ my mother made excites me. 3. News came _that our team defeated the Japanese team.,where,In which/where,that,Which/that/#,that,4. The news _ excited me is that our team defeated the Japanese team. 5. New problems arose _ we can finish the work on time. 6.The problem_ my math teacher raised really puzzled me. 7.The fact_ Ann lacks self-confidence worries her parents. 8.The facts_ my teacher gave my father about my studies made him happy.,Which/that,whether,Which/that/#,that,Which/that/#,同位语从句：1.抽象名词；2.解释内容；3.从句中不做成分。 （十三）.定语从句与强调句的不同： 1.It was the July 1st._my uncle joined the Army. 2. It was on July 1st._my uncle joined the Army. 3.Where did you met Mr. Brown? It was in the office _my father _I met him.,On which/when,that,In which/that,that,（十四）关系代词的选择: 1.只用that而不用which的情况： 1）.当先行词为all、something、everything、 nothing、anything、none等指物的不定代词时. 2.)当先行词为all 、few、no 、little、 some（某一）、 a certain （某一）、the only 、the last、the same、the very（就那个）以及序数词和形容词最高级所修饰时。 3）.当先行词有人又有物时.,4).主句已经用whowhich提问了的特殊疑问句时. 用适当的关系代词完成下列句子: .I will tell you everything I saw in Guilin. .All I said is very important. .All glitters(发光) is not gold. .This is the most interesting story I have ever heard.,(That),(that),that,(that),.Shanghai is the first city has built a maglev train. .That is some book I saw win the bookshop yesterday. .Ann is the very girl I met in the park. .Who is the girl was late for class yesterday? .Which is the pen you bought last week? 2.不用that的情况:,that,(that),Who/whom/that,that,(that),1).当先行词为all、 someone、 anyone、 somebody 、anybody 、nobody、 no one、 none、 those等指人的不定代词时. 2).句子为非限制性定语从句时.先行词是物，只能用which；先行词是人，只能用who、whom. 3).当关系代词之前出现介词时. .Those can answer the question, please put up your hands. .Anyone breaks the rule is going to be punished.,who,who,.Lily ,we met in the street yesterday ,is an honest girl. .The bike , my father bought on my birthday ,was lost. .That is the knife we cut the water melon。 （6）.Do you know the boy my brother talked last Sunday? 请用适当的关系代词完成下列句子： 1.I have a friend _likes listening to folk,whom,which,With which,To whom,Who/that,music(民间音乐). 2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _I gave her. 3.The man _leg broke in a match used to be a coach. 4.Keven is reading a book_ is too difficult for him. 5.The family_I am staying with lives in the town.,Which/that,Whose/of whom the,Which/that,Whom/who/that,6.I know the student _article（文章）is the best. 8.My Parents live in the house _is more than 100 years old. 9.The girl_spoken English (口语英语)is very good comes from the U.S.A. 10.The boy _likes English very much wishes to visit America someday. 11.The house_my family live in is very big and beautiful.,Whose/of who