非谓语动词用法小结.ppt

非谓语动词用法小结,Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing 动名词起名词作用）,Do you know the man wearing a white shirt? (wearing 分词起形容词作用）,He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch 不定式起副词作用）,非谓语动词概述,1,英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动 名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。,中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有以下内容：动词不定式作 主语、宾语、宾语补足语；动名词作主语、宾语；分词作 定语、状语。其中动词不定式的用法是中考的一大热点， 还有it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替动词不定式也是常考句 型。考查非谓语动词多用单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、 完形填空、翻译句子等形式。,动词不定式的形式,动词不定式,2,1,肯定形式：to+动词原形。如：to write,否定形式：not to+动词原形。 如：not to write,复合结构：不定式前加for sb. 如：for him to do ,不定式的特点,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独 作谓语。另外，动词不定式还可以有自己的宾语， 可以用状语来修饰。 如：,to learn English well,2,不定式的用法,不定式作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将真正的 主语放在句子后面。如：,To go diving is interesting.,作表语：主语多是表示意图、劝告之类的名词。 如：,His wish is to be a pilot. 他的愿望是当一名飞行员。,3,作主语：,=It is interesting to go diving. 潜水是有趣的。,作宾语：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, like, hope ,decide, help, begin (start), agree, learn, choose, seem, fail, prepare, refuse, expect, offer ,happen等。 如：,He hopes to visit the Disneyland one day. 他希望有一天能参观迪斯尼乐园。,常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want, ask, tell, help等，还有一些动词，其后的不定式不带to, 如： feel, hear, let ,make, have(叫、使、让),see, watch, notice等，help后面动词不定式可以带to,也可以 不带to。 如：,I often hear Jim sing. 我经常听见吉姆唱歌。,作宾语补足语：,作定语：,作定语的不定式要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后 面。如果不定式是不及物动词或被修饰的是表示地 点或工具的名词，则不定式要加上相应的介词。如：,By that time there will be not enough space to stand in. 到那时可能就没有立足之地。,作状语：,目的状语可位于句首或句末。 如：,To get there on time, they took a taxi. 为了按时到那儿，他们乘坐出租车。,程度、结果状语常与副词enough(表示肯定)或 too(表示否定)连用。如：,He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他很高，足以够得着那个苹果。,疑问词+不定式：,此结构常用在下列动词之后：tell ,teach ,know, wonder, learn ,show, find out, ask, understand 等。 如：,He taught me how to plant a tree yesterday. 他昨天教我怎样种树。,动名词由动词原形+ -ing构成，与现在分词同形。 动名词既有动词的性质，有宾语和状语；也有名 词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通 用，但动名词作主语表示抽象或多次的行为，不定 式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。,动 名 词,3,作主语：,Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃的太多对身体健康有害。,作表语：,My mothers job is raising chicken. 我母亲的工作是养鸡。,作宾语：,I dont mind listening to that story again. 我不介意再听一遍那个故事。,作定语：,Lets join the singing group. 让我们加入合唱队吧。,a working method. 工作方法,其后常接动名词的的动词及动词词组有finish, enjoy, practice, understand, mind, keep, consider, miss, avoid(避免)，suggest, admit, be worth, have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun, waste time, cant help/cant stop, be used to(习惯于)等。,其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词 有：love, like, prefer, begin, start, continue, remember, try, stop, forget, hate, need, allow, go on等。,介词后接动名词，如：keepfrom, stopfrom, make a contribution to, look forward to, spend(in), be afraid of, be proud of, be used for, feel like, give up, be interested in, put off等。,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。,分 词,4,区别：,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：,The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。,The house built last year has become our lab. 去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。,1,现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人的”；过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活 动，意为“感到的”。如：,the exciting news 令人兴奋的消息,the excited look 激动的表情,常用的还有： interesting/interested, tiring/tired, boring/bored.,现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成 的动作。如：,falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶,fallen leaves 落叶（已落下）,developing country 发展中国家,developed country 发达国家,用法：,作定语:单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面， 短语作定语常放在所修饰的词后面。如：,The question being discussed is important to us. 正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。,The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们冲入了大楼。,作状语:分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、 结果、伴随等状语。如：,Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。（原因状语）,He ran out of the room, shouting loudly. 他大喊着从房间分阶段跑出来。(伴随状语),2,作表语：,The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。,The window is broken. 窗户破了。,作宾语补足语，一般用在see, hear, notice, feel, have等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。如：,I saw a dog running across the street. 我看见一只狗跑过街道。,I must have the bike repaired. 我必须找人修理自行车。,不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程；现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在发生；过去分词作宾语补足语，则重在表示被动的概念。,When they went into the park, they saw some boys playing football. 当他们走进公园时，他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做）,Do you often see then play football? 你常看他们踢足球吗？（全过程）,He speaks loudly to make himself heard clearly. 他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。（他的话被听）,1、(2009四川泸州). My father always asks me_ too much junk food. A. dont eat B. not to eat C. not eat 2、(2009凉山州) Though Alex had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry 3、(2009宁波) -Look at the sun ! It s too hot today. -Yes. Why not _ your coat? A. take off B. take away C. take out D. take up,exercise,4、(2009浙江绍兴). Is Jack in the library? - Maybe. I saw him _ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went 5、(2008甘肃兰州)I find _very important to learn English well because it is an international language now. A .it B. its C. that D. this 6、(2008甘肃嘉峪关)Fang Fang is old enough _to school. A. goes B. to go C. went D. go 7、（2008甘肃武陵）Sunglasses are used for _your eyes. A. protected B .protect C. pretecting D. to protect,8、（2008甘肃兰州）Mary was looking forward to _to Kates birthday party. A. inviting B. being invited C. invite D. be i