黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰一中、阿城二中、宾县三中、尚志五中四校高二英语下学期期中试题.docx

黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰一中、阿城二中、宾县三中、尚志五中四校2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期中试题第I卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAre you a morning person? You might not like the findings in this new research.From a lack of air and drinking water to solar radiation, theoretical Mars pioneers face any number of potential obstacles to settling on the red planet. Now, scientists have found something else to add to the list: seriously messed-up biological clocks.One day on Mars - which scientists refer to as the solar day, or “sol”- is 37 minutes longer than a day on Earth. A team of European scientists recently demonstrated why that could be a problem.Circadian rhythms are the bodys natural cycles of rest and waking, which tend to follow roughly 24-hour light-dark cycles. These natural rhythms - which play a role in biological functions including brain wave activity and hormone production - can be interrupted by things like jet lag（时差）and night shift work.For the study, the researchers compared mice with healthy, 24-hour circadian clocks to mice with a genetic change that caused them to have shorter, 20-hour circadian clocks. The mice with healthy biological clocks were more likely to survive and reproduce, while the mice with shorter biological clocks were more likely to die off.What does this all have to do with space travel? Since the Martian sol is longer than a day on Earth, people with shorter circadian clocks could suffer from health problems as they try to adapt to the rotational speed of the red planet.Unfortunately, the body is unlikely to adapt to the new conditions or “learn” to develop a longer clock. As Loudon explained, “Learning is not a likely option.”In other words: Sorry, super-early risers - NASA might not want you for the next Mars mission.1. From the passage, people can face the following troubles living on Mars EXCEPT _.A. absence of air B. a lot of fierce creaturesC. lack of drinking water D. messed-up biological clocks12. According to scientists, how long does one day on Mars last?A. 24 hours. B. 23 hours and 23 minutes.C. 24 hours and 37 minutes. D. 12 hours and 37 minutes.3. Life on Mars would seriously mess with your sleep because _.A. the Martian sol is longer than a day on EarthB. the bodys natural cycles can be shortenedC. hormone production will hurt biological functionsD. the brain wave activity will be interrupted BKeeping secrets is a burden“Dont tell anyone”. We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. Were often tempted to “spill the beans(说漏嘴)”，even if we regret it later.According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden”. This is because people often have an “obsessive and anxious urge to share it with someone”.An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted(受委托的) with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. “Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone,” according to Shah.He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out (泄露).But this doesnt mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret. Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret.Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, youd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustnt give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someones secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isnt so secret anymore.4What does underlined word “obsessive” mean?AUnwilling.BConfusing.CWanting to do something very much.DRefusing to accept facts.5What did researchers at the University of Notre Dame discover about secret-keeping?AIt can result in mental and physical problems.BIt can help promote friendships between people.CIt can harm relationships between friendsDIt can result in a sense of distrust between friends6What is the main message of Paragraph 5?AIts better to share your secrets with quiet people.BQuiet people suffer less stress from keeping secrets.CTalkative people are unlikely to keep secrets.DIts not a good idea to share your secrets with others.7What does Shah suggest people do if they give away someones secret by accident?AStay away from the person.BTell the affected person what happened.CExchange a new secret with the person.DBuy the person a gift as an apology.CAmericas top education official says many schools are spending too much time teaching the “basics”reading, math and writing. It might seem opposite to what educators have been promoting. But U.S. Education Secretary John King says children really deserve access to a well-rounded education that includes music and arts because it will help them go into being well-rounded, well-educated personsKing spoke about his own education when explaining why schools need to teach more than math，reading and writingKing grew up in New York. Both his parents died when he was quite young. In his house, things were often crazy and frightening. It was his teacher, Mr. Osterwei, who helped him escape his difficult life. Quite often, the teacher took him and his classmates to the theater, the zoo, the ballet and famous Museum of Natural History. “Those were powerful, life-changing experiences, ”King says. King graduated from Harvard University. He received his law degree from Yale University. He took charge of New York State public schools from 2011-2015. The U.S. Senate approved him as Education secretary last monthMany schools spend almost all funding on the “basics” because they lack money for other subjects, King says. Or they want students to do better on tests used to compare student performanceStudents need to connect their studies and things that matter to them personally, such as music if they are to become “sophisticated(水平高的) thinkers”. A 2013 report by UNESCO says todays world needs people able to solve new and unusual problems. It says arts can help students find those answers. In the report, UNESCO said teaching the arts in China, South Korea and Japan is differentFrom that in many Western countries, the emphasis(重点) in those three countries is “on joyful experiences and childrens interests. ” In the West, educators are more likely to connect the arts to reading, writing and math. A 2014 report tried to compare how well countries teach children how to solve problems. It found Singapore, South Korea, Japan, China, Canada, Australia and Finland with the highest scores for 15-year-olds. Singapore led the way with a score of 562 out of a possible 1，000. The average score was 500. The United States had a score of 5088. According to paragraph 1, what have educators been encouraging?A. Teaching arts should never be put second to teaching the “basic”B. More money and time ought to be set aside for teaching artsC. Research should be done to ensure a well-rounded educationD. Enough time is supposed to be spent in teaching the “basics”9. King spoke about his own education experience to _.A. share with us his extraordinary education backgroundB. tell us his teacher attached great importance to teachingC. confirm access to arts contributes to good academic performancesD. call on schools to give arts lessons as much attention as the basics ones10. The author convinces us of the importance of teaching arts by different means except _.A. by giving examples B. by making comparisonsC. by analyzing figures D. by performing experiments11. What is the best title for the text?A. Schools are supposed to be far-sightedB. Kids should be well-rounded personsC. Kids need more than “the basics” to learnD. Teachers must have advanced teaching methodsDWhy do people lie? Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood. There are various reasons why children make false statements. They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past. Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents. If parents fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories, then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends. This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become presentable and acceptable to other people. In some instances, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits. Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed. People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines and if they fail to accomplish and do their tasks efficiently. Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home. The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character. Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological(病态的) lying.Pathological lying is a mental health condition, which is associated with individuals who have the urge to tell untruthful statements. Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything. These individuals pretend to meet the standards of other people who they want to please. These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure. One of the best ways of treating pathological liars is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times. This may be hard for them, but as they are accustomed to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.12. The underlined word “reprimand” in Paragraph 1 means “_”.A. satisfy B. criticize C. discourage D. praise13. Teenagers tell lies mainly because they want to _.A. avoid being punished B. fool other peopleC. attract others attention D. satisfy others14. What are patients suffering pathological lying most likely to do?A. They really want to play jokes on others.B. They always like making up pleasing stories.C. They usually want to show off themselves by making some statements.D. They often suffer from some other diseases.15. How does the writer explain pathological lying?A. By showing some typical examples.B. By predicting the future consequences.C. By analyzing its causes and development.D. By listing a group of phenomena.第二节：（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Most successful people attach importance to why learning from mistakes is important. Every unsuccessful attempt can help you gain important experience. _16_. Here are some of the top reasons why mistakes are valuable._17_Do you remember your first bad grade for a test? Do you remember an embarrassing moment when a teacher caught you cheating during an exam? These are common struggles but they are actually a great way to build good future habits. Once you have the experience, you will no longer make the mistakes you did before. _18_ .Encourage different thinkingAs we make mistakes, we remove certain ways of reaching our goal. When an approach is proven wrong, people immediately start looking for different ways to resolve a situation. _19_. If your initial idea did not work, you are more likely to take a different stand and think of ideas you wouldnt have thought if that didnt happen.Build charactersThis is quite the tricky benefit since people can go either way when it comes to building characters. Very often, too many mistakes make people depressed. Too many failures convince them to just give up on their dreams. However, once you start learning from mistakes, youll gain confidence from them. _20_. And they will help you become a more passionate, successful person.A. Give us experienceB. Reveal weaknessesC. As we make mistakes, we learn from themD. We have to practice, fail and rise up againE. They will help you build a stronger characterF. Basically, mistakes encourage you to find a new solutionG. And mistakes can even be more valuable than achievements第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、和）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。This year marked my five-year violin anniversary. Five years ago I entered a music shop and asked, “Do you_21_violin lessons?” I was standing in a room filled with beautiful _22_and felt like a stranger in a new land. I had little _23_in playing the violin although I had loved violin music for years. I wanted to learn to play it at that momentThe music shop signed me up for _24_and it soon became clear to me how _25_it was for a novice（新手）to learn to play the violin. I once watched a skilled violinist play and it looked simple. Actually, it was more difficult than I had expected. Little did I know there was nothing natural about the _26_in which one held the instrument. There was no margin(偏差) for errora _27_misplaced finger sends a note out of tune. If I had known how challenging it would be, I might never have started. However, my love for violin music _28_all the difficulties. Though it was a big challenge, I made it at last. I won first place in the violin contest in our city last year_29_the past five years with my violin, I realized Ive learned much more than how to make music. I believe mistakes are not _30_. They are pointing you toward where to _31_your attention. Besides, youd better not _32_yourself with others. If you find youre not as good as someone, you will feel depressed. If so, remember _33_you started. For me，it was because I loved the violin music and it made me happy. Whats more, remember that developing a new skill _34_repetition. The more you practice，the more you learnProgress happens even when you are taking _35_baby steps (like practicing for a few minutes at a time). Take the time to celebrate your successes. When you _36_something youve been working on, acknowledge it with a “Yay me! Look what I did!” Give yourself rewards for what youve learned and enjoy your _37_, which will lead you to the next accomplishment_38_，you need to persevere（坚持不懈） no matter how difficult the situation isI firmly believe these lessons_39_anything we take onLearning something new isnt always easy. Sometimes its more demanding than you expected, but you are richly _40_in more ways than you could have imagined for the trying21. A. prepare B. offer C. promise D. support22. A. treasures B. machines C. instruments D. souvenirs23. A. experience B. patience C. consideration D. imagination24. A. travels B. contests C. performances D. lessons25. A. challenging B. practical C. meaningful D. convenient26. A. stage B. event C. relation D. position27. A. fairly B. properly C. slightly D. equally28. A. conquered B. expected C. discovered D. suffered29. A. Looking up to B. Looking back on C. Looking down on D. Looking forward to30. A. failures B. excuses C. lies D. solutions31. A. record B. organize C. escape D. focus32. A. connect B. share C. compare D. concern33. A. what B. that C. how D. why34. A. improves B. introduces C. requires D. guides35. A. broad B. tiny C. proud D. fresh36. A. introduce B. design C. contribute D. accomplish37. A. surprise B. contribution C. achievement D. inspiration38. A. After all B. In conclusion C. In brief D. Above all39. A. lead to B. apply to C. respond to D. turn to40. A. rewarded B. awarded C. respected D. challenged第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。I was staying in Destin for a few days with my family. One morning, I got up early 41 (go) for a walk on the beach. As I was walking, I noticed at least a hundred or more empty beer cans which 42 (leave) in one concentrated area in front of a hotel. I was 43 (fascinate) by the beach, woo