被动语态各时态构成表.docx

被动语态各时态构成表 TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.V.samisare+V(p.p)一般将来时willbe going to+V.will be +V(p.p)现在进行时amisare+V.ingamisare+being+V(p.p)一般过去时waswereV.edwaswere+V(p.p)现在完成时havehas+V.p.phavehas+been+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p.p)过去进行时waswere+V.ingwaswere+being+V(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+V(p.p)被动语态（一般现在时）主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。被动语态的口诀：一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。1.一般现在时 isamare+P.P(过去分词)2.一般过去时 waswere+P.P3.一般将来时 will be+P.P4.现在进行时 isamare+being(固定不变)+P.P5.过去进行时 waswere+being(固定不变)+P.P6.现在完成时 havehas been+P.P7.过去完成时 had been+P.P第二句be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。情助是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以be done就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的be done就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。被动：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态) 完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。 (过去完成时had done也包括在内)。例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school.被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)过去完成时也是一样：主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody. 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done 即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。 主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.被动：.whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,现在完成进行同have (has) been doing,即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。 现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done 即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：主动: We must keep this in mind.被动：This must be kept in mind.主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。(错)The price has been risen.(对) The price has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week.(错) The price has raised.(对) The price has been raised.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.3) 系动词无被动语态（keep除外）：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。 特别提醒 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如We heard him sing in his room just now.-He was heard to sing in his room just now.刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。need doing something也表示被动一、 被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by的短语可以省略）；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now. 三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee some