2018年中考英语语法复习专题七动词动词短语.ppt

七、动词与动词短语,考点1 动词的分类及用法 【知识归纳】,【巧学妙记】谓语动词的用法歌诀 谓语动词可分四, 行为、情态、助动、连系。 行为动词有实义, 可以独立作谓语。 连系动词有实义, 须与表语在一起。 can, may, must是情态, 动词原形离不开。 助动词无实义, 不能独立作谓语。 时态、语态、疑问、否, do, be, will不能少。,考点2 动词的形式 【中考体验】用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 (2017宿迁中考)Millie spends about two hours _ (finish)her homework every day.,【解析】finishing。spend some time doing sth. 意为“花时间做某事”, 为固定搭配。故填写finishing。,(2017宿迁中考)Many teenagers would rather _ (stay)at home alone than go out with their parents at weekends. 【解析】stay。would rather do. . . than do. . . 意为“宁愿做而不愿做”。故填写stay。,(2017泰州中考)Some middle school students dont know how _ (keep)a balance between study and play. 【解析】to keep。“疑问副词/疑问代词+不定式”相当于一个从句, 在句中可作主语、表语或宾语等。故填写to keep。,(2016常州中考)My computer fan doesnt work. Where can I have it _ (repair)?,【解析】repaired。“have + sth. (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某事被做”, 即让别人做, 宾语sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语, 说明sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。即让某人修理电脑风扇。故填repaired。,(2016泰州中考)Why are you in such a hurry? My cousin _ (wait)for me outside. We are going to see a film together.,【解析】is waiting。句意: 你为什么这么匆忙? 我表妹在外面等我, 我们打算一起去看电影。根据情景, 句子用现在进行时, 故填is waiting。,【知识归纳】 (1)助动词的形式及用法,【巧学妙记】助动词的用法歌诀 时态、人称、疑问、否, be, do, will, have少不了。 一般疑问句, 助动词放到句首去。 变否定, 也简单, 助词后面not添。 现在分词表进行, 离开be事难成。 被动语态少了be, 时态、人称、句无意。 如要构成完成时, have, had不能去。,【易错警示】 will, would, shall, should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外, 更多的是用作情态动词。,(2)动词第三人称单数的构成规律,【巧学妙记】巧记动词加-s或-es 动词有三单, 词尾常把-s添。 词尾若是s, ch, sh, 直接加上-es。 词尾有字母x或o, 加上-es不用愁。 辅音字母加y, 要把y变i。,(3)现在分词的构成规律,【巧学妙记】现在分词构成歌诀 现在分词用途多, 进行时态不可缺。 它的构成很好记, 动词后缀-ing。 词尾若有哑音e, 去e再加没问题。 一辅重读闭音节, 这个字母要双写。 还有一点要注意, 改ie为y再加-ing。,(4)动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律,【巧学妙记1】规则动词过去式构成方法口诀 过去式构成有规律, 一般词尾加-ed。 如果词尾有个e, 直接加d就可以, “辅音字母+y”, 先变y为i, “一辅重闭”作尾巴, 双写之后-ed加。,【巧学妙记2】巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表动词原形, BB代表过去式过去分词相同),【巧学妙记3】巧记ABC型不规则动词,【巧学妙记4】巧记AAA型不规则动词 击中(hit)、受伤(hurt)、让(let)、吐痰(spit)、去掉(rid)、花费(cost)、读(read)、放(put)、砍(cut)。,考点3 动词的词义辨析 【中考体验】 (2017乐山中考)Murray plans to study art in the U. K. His friends will _ him off at the airport next week. A. take B. see C. leave,【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: Murray打算去英国学习美术。下周他的朋友在机场为他送行。表示“给某人送行”用词组see sb. off。故选B。,(2017天津中考)When you break the rules, you should _ to your teacher. A. apologize B. introduce C. expect D. compare,【解析】选A。考查动词的辨析。句意: 当你违反校规时, 你应该向老师道歉。表示“道歉”应用apologize。故选A。,(2017天水中考)How long may I _ these books? For a week. A. borrow B. to borrow C. keep D. lend,【解析】选C。考查动词的辨析。句意: 这些书我可以看多久? 一周。borrow意为“借”是短暂性动词; keep意为“保持, 保留”是延续性动词。根据答语For a week. (一周)属于一段时间, 故用延续性动词keep。故选C。,(2016宜昌中考)The government is _ plenty of money building the countryside. We are pleased with the governments efforts. A. costing B. paying C. taking D. spending,【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 政府正在花费大量金钱建设乡村。我们对政府的努力感到很满意。由上句中的building可知动词要使用spend, 句式为: spend+时间/钱+doing sth. , 故选D。,【知识归纳】 对动词词义的考查主要有两点: 一是在具体的语言环境中辨析动词的意义; 二是考查一些近义词的用法辨析。常考的近义词如下:,1. borrow, lend, keep教你如何“借”东西!,Can I borrow this book? 我可以借这本书吗? Yes, but you mustnt lend it to others. 可以, 但你不许借给别人。 How long may I keep this book? 这本书我可借多长时间? Two weeks. 两周。,2. cost, spend, take, pay教你合理“消费”,A new computer costs me a lot of money. =I spend a lot of money buying/on a new computer. =I pay a lot of money for a new computer. 买一台新电脑, 我要花费一大笔钱。,3. wear, put on, dress, in教你“穿”衣!,Yesterday, he wore a red coat. 昨天他穿了一件红色的大衣。 Please put on your coat! 请穿上大衣! Will you dress the children? 你给孩子们穿衣服好吗? He is in red today. 今天他穿着红色的衣服。,4. bring, take, fetch, carry“拿, 带”不同,Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 请把这个空杯子拿走, 给我拿杯茶来。 Shall I fetch you your coat from the next room? 要不要我从隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来? Let me carry this box for you. 让我给你拿这个箱子。,5. say, speak, tell, talk的“说”法不同,He often says “hello” to me with a smile. 他常笑着向我问好。 Bob speaks Chinese quite well. 鲍勃汉语说得相当好。 Please tell me something about yourself. 请告诉我关于你自己的一些事情。,When we talk with her, we can speak Chinese. 我们与她交谈时, 可以说汉语。,6. look, see, watch, read, “看”法有分歧,Look at the blackboard! What can you see? 看黑板! 你看见了什么? We watched the sun sink behind the hills. 我们观看了太阳落山。 On Sundays my father reads newspapers at home. 星期天我爸爸在家看报纸。,【图解记忆】,7. find, find out和look for如何“找到”正确答案,He cant find his watch. 他找不到他的手表。 Please find out the answer to the question. 请找出这个问题的答案。 Im looking for my pen. 我正在寻找我的钢笔。,8. used to, be(get)used to, 一词之差, 用法大变化,She used to work hard. 她过去工作很努力。(暗指现在工作不努力了。) Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在计算机被用来为人们做许多事情。 He is used to hard work. 他现在习惯于艰苦的工作。,Youll soon get used to the weather here. 你很快就会适应这儿的天气。,考点4 动词短语的辨析 【中考体验】 (2017河北中考)Grandfather lives with us. We all _ him. A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look like,【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。look at看着; look for寻找; look after照顾; look like看起来像。句意: 爷爷和我们住在一起。我们都 _ 他。故选C。,(2017深圳中考)My daughter will _ for America to study next month. Youll miss her very much. A. set down B. set off C. set up,【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我女儿下个月就要动身去美国学习了。你会非常想念她的。set down意为“放下; 记下”, set off意为“动身; 出发”, set up意为“建立”。故选B。,(2017南充中考)Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus. Thats good. The old should be _ . A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for,【解析】选D。考查