人教版必修一unit4earthquakes语法教案

人教版必修一unit4 earthquakes-语法适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域使用人教版的地区课时2课时知识点1.定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别；2.限定性和非限定性定语从句；3.只能用which引导的定语从句；4.只能用that引导的定语从句；5.定语从句中关系代词作主语时谓语的形式；教学目标1. 掌握定语从句的定义,三要素,以及关系代词的区别；2. 通过练习掌握定语从句的解题方法。教学重点1. that和which 区别；2. whose 用法；3. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数教学难点如何去区分关系代词以及定语从句的解题方法教学过程一、课堂导入 Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why? 二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的重点单词，短语和句子词语辨析1. congratulate / celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm3. rise / raise / lift4. hurt / injure / wound词形变化1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者重点单词1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计重点词组1.right away 立刻，马上2.at an end 结束，终结3.instead of 代替，而不4.tens of thousands of 数以万计的重点句子1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.2. All hope was not lost.三、知识讲解知识点1：重点句型12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。“too + adj./adv.+动词不定式”结构简称为“too . to”结构，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，通常可意为“太而不能;太无法”。“too .to”结构表示否定的常见句型有：too +adj./adv. + to do，有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。too . to/to be done形式。这是“too .to”结构中不定式为被动式时的变体，如果主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以用主动式，也可以用被动式，此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。这个句型在too+ adj.后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时，可以用to + v.的主动式，当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时，则用to be + v.-ed的被动式。温馨提示并不是所有“too .to”结构的句子都表示否定意义，在下列情况下，“too .to”结构可以表示肯定意义： “too .to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，意为“非常，十分，实在，真是太”等。“too .to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready，eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词，故不定式不再表示结果。在“too .to”结构中，不定式为否定式时，是构成的双重否定，其意为“非常/很/太/那么不会不/必定能/所以能”，也不表示否定意义。 I，m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了，什么也不能想了。 The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太热，不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。 He，s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. (As an artist he，s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。 He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。I am but too glad to do so. 我非常喜欢这样做。 He was too anxious to do this job. 他非常想做这件工作。 The girl is too careful not to do it well.这姑娘很细心，完全能做好那件事。13. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！联想拓展as if=as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)As if anyone would believe that story！好像有人竟会相信那样的事！As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜，只有他一个人聪明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现的好像什么也没发生。 14. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every无论在not之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither . nor等。All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。知识点2：重点语法：定语从句由that, which, who, whose关系代词引导的定语从句用法简述如下。1、that指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；The girl that was crying just now is my best friend.刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。2、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。3、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；The man who was here yesterday is a painter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）4、whose是属格，指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语 I live in a room(,) (whose windows) =(the windows of which)face south.我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。【点拨】辨析 that, which； who ,that 相同点：都可以指物不同点：如下1、在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句（1）当先行词是不定代词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the few, the only修饰时。（3）当先行词被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等词修饰时（4）当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时。（5）当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句时。（6）当引导词在从句中作表语时2、在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句（1）介词后；（2）非限定性定语从句。相同点：都可以指人，在句中作主语不同点：如下 指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：（1）当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。（2）在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.有位新老师明天来教你们德语（3）先行词为there be 结构的主语时例如：There is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你四、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 【答案】B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。【例题2】【题干】The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if【答案】C【解析】本题考查状语从句连词辨析。句意为“工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。”【例题3】【题干】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句，先行词是Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选C。五、课堂运用【基础】1. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whoseC. of them D. with whom【答案】B 【解析】选B本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”2. （2009湖南卷T26）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose【答案】D【解析】选D考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。3. （2009辽宁卷T23）Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 【答案】D【解析】选D考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。此处意思是“我发现他们已经赢得了最后的三场比赛，这一点令人有点吃惊”，which代替上句“Theyve won their last three matches”做find的宾语，选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中，B,C此处没有他们的意思。【巩固】4. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A.