最新短文改错应试策略.ppt

,英语总复习,高考英语短文改错指导,1.高考短文改错命题特点 2.高考短文改错测试要点 3.高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则 4.高考短文改错测试真题精解,短文改错的命题特点,1.短文改错是一道综合性较强的试题，旨在检测考生在阅读理解的基础上运用所学的语言知识的准确程度。 2.短文改错的选材通常是一篇高中毕业生能力范围内可以理解的短文。它的篇章结构难易程度符合同学们的实际水平；语言明白易读基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和复杂的语句结构。,解题思路及方法：,三点建议： 1. 通读全文, 了解大意; 2. 仔细阅读，整句分析; 3. 最后通读, 查错补漏。,错误七查：,1. 查时态一致： 2. 查平行结构一致: 3. 查主谓一致: 4. 查指代一致: (数; 格; 指代) 5. 查单复数一致: (名词; 代词等) 6. 查搭配，固定用法一致： 7. 查语意一致：,短文改错的命题特点,3.它要求判断短文各行是否有错，无错则打勾；如果有错则按题目的要求及错误形式（错词、少词或多词）在该行文内标以相应的符号，在题号后行写出答案：或改正错误的单词；或为添加的单词；或为应该删去的单词。错误类型一般涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等一行中最多只会有一个错误：或错一词，或漏一词，或多一词。个小题中一般为：无错题，多词题，漏词 题，其余为错词。 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。,短文改错常考的点主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测试动词时态和语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，短语动词；名词，代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词、冠词、介词，固定搭配；简单句、并列句和复合句，以及倒装、省略句等。二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的指代代词或物的数量及相应的指代代词的一致，句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系等的相应关联词；时间的先后顺序等 .,高考短文改错题目考查点：,短文改错解题策略： 1.通读短文明确中心主题，整体把握时间、地点、人物、事件和行文逻辑 2.看标点确定句子头尾，明确句子特点（简单句、并列句、复合句、特别句式）;抓关键谓语动词看主语明确主谓关系，确保主谓人称、语态、时态一致。 3.划分意群，明确成分，化整为零，各个击破。 4.联系考点，依据原则，运用知识，分析解决。 6.通览检查，纠错补漏，确定结果,临场应试技巧 : “三歩”，“六原则和“四不改” 三歩： 1.No context, no text. 通读全文，掌握大意。 2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系 . 3.复读全文，验证答案 . 六原则： 1. 一行一错, 在有错行改动一词。 2. 改变实词（n./ v./adj./ adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词. 3. 最小限度地改变单词形式 . 4. 添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等). 5. 多改正，少添加或删除. 6. 最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.,短文改错应注意的问题,四不改: 标点符号不改。 大小写不改。 词序错误不改。 单词拼写不改 。 文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。,Dont forget!,应 试 策 略 1、通读全文，了解大意； 2、仔细阅读，整句分析； 3、整句理解，逐行找错； 4、最后通读，查错补漏。,四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率,1、冠词的多用少用和误用,(05辽宁) I was a high school student then, from low-income family. I am sure I will never forget wonderful time I spent at school. There are also the schools ,restaurants, a hospital and a shop as well.,a,the,the,2、名词的数与格,(2001春季) I used to love science class -all of them - biology, chemistry, geography, and physics. (NMET2001) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in my subject.,classes,subjects,名词的数与格即名词的可数与不可数、单数形式与复数形式；名词的普通格与所有格,3.代词的指代不一致的错误,“指代不一致”指的是代词的数,格,性,人 称四个方面的张冠李戴的错误,His grandma came into her room and chatted with him for a while.,his,(2002春季)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place that I couldnt find.,it,4.主谓不一致的错误,(NMET2003) Their word were a great encouragement to me. What the remote areas need is education to children and what the children need is good textbooks at the moment.,words,are,5. 动词的时态、语态及语气的误用,(NMET2002) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (NMET2003) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.,visited,should,9：词语搭配,(NMET2002） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (NMET2003) Now I have taken more than ten years at school.,at,spent,6：非谓语动词形式,(NMET2001) My parents love me dearly and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (2002春季）That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.,makes,to,7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较级的误用,She wept and looked sad out of the window. After the war, there was nearly no leadership at all in this area and everything was in disorder. The play is very good ; I have never seen a good one.,sadly,almost,better,8.关联词和平行结构的误用,Hot water is provided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night. (05浙江）I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football.,and,However,考点应对策略归纳：,1.抓主语，看谓语，主谓关系要统一（语态、一致和时态，语气,形式需考虑）,1）An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.,2） Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. 3）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 4)Of course, when my mother was asked, “Have you” 5)Books may be keep for four weeks. 6)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.,kept,are,read,seen,2.名词性质要关注，可数与否须清楚。名词具有受限性，限制(特指、确指和泛指）、修饰要重视。,1)Kate covered it with a lot of Christmas light.,2)so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. 3)Good health is persons most valuable possession. 4)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.,5) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 6) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 7) There are branch library in many villages. 8) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.,a,water,times,libraries,time,3.代词出现不起眼，指代不明生疑点， 验名正身别怕烦，确保一致心里安。,1) I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”,2) Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves .,3) I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me . 4)I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me. 5)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.,they,myself,their,we,4. 英汉词性易混乱，形、副、名、介较常见，成分关系是关键。形作定表，副作状，名词功能莫要忘。,1.He came back lately last night. 2. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 3. He asked angry if we had finished the work. 4. Charles said, “As soon as I see a real tall building, I want to climb it. 5. He practiced hard and past the driving-test. 6. Im sure well have a wonderfully time. 7. Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. 8.The beautiful of the lake attracts us a lot.,late,quiet,angrily,really,passed,wonderful,Unfortunately,beauty,5.连接词语需检验，逻辑关系前后辨。,1.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. 2.I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. 3.It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it. 4.She was smiling but nodding at me. 5.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. 6.It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 7.Id like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.,but,and,and,and,but,but,and,6.介词多少也要看，搭配错误较常见。,1.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed. 2. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food . 3. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. 4.After five years away in my hometown, I find that 5.As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, wed like to invite for you to the exhibition. 6. , so they are very strict in their children. 7. so that we can help each other on the course work.,of,for,On,from,with,with,7.非谓语动词是考点，见面验证别嫌烦。,1.My parents love me and will do all they can make sure 2. We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 3. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 4. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person . 5.Looking forward to hear from you soon. 6.I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 7. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also ,to,visited,talking,become,hearing,talking,Playing,1.As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 2.Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher. 3. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 4. I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. 5. I think Id email you and let you know what things are going. 6. I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. 7. It was turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the shelf by mistake.,8.固定搭配看清楚，习惯用法要关注。 句式特点整体看，引导词语是关键。,a,why,how,which,which,10：删除冗词,(NMET2002）”Hello, nice to meet you!” I greeted to them. (NMET2004) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over the weekend.,to,myself,There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as if they please. They would have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things by the money. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.,2005年高考英语全国卷,advantages,is,work,allows,if,not,with,to,their,Have you ever heard Angel Falls？ It is a hghest waterfall in the world deep in the jungles of Venezuela.Few has ever seen Angel falls.That is very hard to get there. If you went in land , you would have to travel for weeks through thick jungles.If you went by plane,it would take about four hours. No one knew about this high waterfall since 1930.During that year，James Angel，American pilot，flew over the area . Suddenly he saw a waterfall,that seemed to drop straight out of from the clouds.,of,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,4,the,It,by,until,an,which,from,2006年全国高考英语试卷,I was only about six that he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then I ask him,” Grandpa, how come you have so much lines on your hand?” He laughed and said, “Well , thats a big question!” He was silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: “Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.” I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, What do you have more lines on that one?” “Because there are more the honors and joys in my life.,when,mine,asked,many,Then/And,of,hand,the,why,2007年全国高考英语试卷,考前练习,单句改错练习,1.As a rule,reading widely is good means of enlarging ones vocabulary. 2.No one but Peter and Tom have seen the movie. 3.It was only a few minutes after another earthquake happened. 4.That is very nice of you to help me with my English.,a,has,before,It,5.He was not sure which hotel to stay for the night. 6.Inside the box has a toy guna gift for his son. 7.He is ill and is suffered from a high fever. 8.He arrived in New York in 1890, when, some time later, he became a writer.,at,_,is,_,suffering,_,where,9.Ill do it carefully,even it will take me hours. 10.So far, several ships have been reported missing on the coast of Bermuda Island. 11.The Beatles, since many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.,if/though,_,off,_,as,12.The Prime Minister walked onto the platform and seated himself in a chair, prepared to answer questions. 13.The soldiers soon reached where was once an old temple which the villagers used as a school.,_,preparing,_,what,14.Dont lose your heart in time of difficulty. 15.The large population adds the difficulties in offering us some necessary things in our everyday life. 16.The boy, tiring from the trip, fell asleep as soon as he went to bed.,to,_,tired,17.He was caught by the rain yesterday. 18.Jack neednt have arrived yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. 19.You must pay attention to listen to your teacher in class. 20.I really dont think Mary will be upset, but Ill go and see her in case she does.,_,in,_,cant,_,listening,_,is,Dear Alice, I have just got some good mews to tell to you. 76._ I win a national prize for painting last week. 77._ My father was so pleasing that he suggested 78. _ I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying 79._ there for half a month, visiting place of interest 80._ or practicing my English as well. Weve been 81._ writing to each for nearly a year now. I have 82._ often dreamed of talk face to with you. 83. _ I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that 84._ time. Perhaps we could go out to do some 85._ sightseeing together. Best, Lily,76. 去掉to 77.win won 78. pleasing pleased/happy 79. staying stay 80.placeplaces 81. orand 82.each后加other 83. talktalking 84.aton 85. ,I was only about six that he held his hand 1. _ out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then 2. _ I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have 3. _ so much lines on your hand?” He laughed and 4. _ said, “Well, thats a big question!” He was 5. _ silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: 6. _ “Each these lines stands for a trouble in my 7. _ life.” I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, 8. _ what do you have more lines on that one?” 9. _ “Because there are more the honors and joys 10. _ in my life.”,实战训练: 2007年全国卷1高考短文改错试题.,when,mine,asked,many,Then,of,hand,why,the,2006年 We had guests last night who have not stayed 76 _ in a B&b hotel ago.They did not want breakfast 77 _ because that they were going out early in the 78 _ morning .They came back lately and had some 79 _ tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80 _ them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81 _ on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82 _ cupboard.He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83 _ not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 84 _ “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85 _,had,before,that,late,and,in,idea,myself,They,in,2003NMET When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem 76._ was in that I always thought in Chinese and 77. _ tried to translate anything into English. My 78. _ teacher advised me to keep my diary. I fol- 79. _ lowed her advice and should put down 100 80. _ words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to 81. _ express me in simple English. One day I 82. _ wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.83. _ She liked it very much and reads it to the 84. _ class. All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to 85. _ me.,everything,a,should,talking,myself,it,read,words,NMET2001 Passage correcting Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 76_ sisters-in any other words,I am an only child . My parents 77_ love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 78_ that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 79_ any work at family .They want me to devote all my time to 80 _ my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We 81_ may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 82_ not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 83_ as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest .Do they 84_ really understand their own daughter ? What things are in 85_ other homes ,I wonder.,NMET2000 The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher 1._ talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2._ wished me success,but it didnt matter that I would 3._ win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so 4._ nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people 5._ present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in 6._ the crowd.She was smiling but nodding to me.I remembered 7._ her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first 8._ prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9._ Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 10._,my,_,schoolmates,_,whether,_,that,a,_,and,_,calmed,_,are,often,(Dear Mrs Winthorp, So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going. Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. Well, I had better to stop now. Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for Ive got some preparation to make, Keep in touch. Best, Carol,how,everything,found,the,friends,with,warm,my,so,My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it. A