高中情态动词知识归类.ppt

高中情态动词知识归类 西安东方中学 赵转峰,情态动词学习六要素,一、注意情态动词的推测用法 推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表,例1： -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might,析：选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把握性不大，当然我 去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用 might,例 2： _the news be true? No, it_ be true. A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustnt,析： 选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might 和must，应而用can和cant。,二、了解情态动词的完成式用法,（一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩,例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) had to write it out must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out,析：选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。,例2：I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. (NMET2001) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave,析: 选B。由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。,（二）may/might have done可能已做 / must have done 一定已做/cant have done不可能做,例1：-Where is my pen? - I _it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldnt have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,例2： The light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed. A. mustnt have gone B. must have gone C. shouldnt have gone D. cant have gone,析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填cant have gone 。,（三）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你本来可以至少寄去5张明信片的。（说明没有寄那么多）,四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法： could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.,例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should,析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须要用can或may，因此该题不选A.,例2：_ you mind my smoking here? A. Should B Could C. Might D. Would,析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式would you mind？来征求对方意见。,五、弄清情态动词的异化现象,有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词， 而改用别的动词。,例1：-Must I start at once? -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont,析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。,例2： -Need I hand in my exercise book at once? -Yes, you_. A. must B. need C. can D. will,析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式neednt。,六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答,不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：,例1： -_I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. I have told him already. (NMET94) A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. May,析：选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用