《主谓一致略谈》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement,Unit 17,主谓一致,主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。一般情况下，主谓一致主要遵循以下三个原则： 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近一致原则 (principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 简单地说，如果单数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数名词做主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： This book is mine. They are students.,（二）意义一致原则 有时，主谓一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： The United States is a developed country. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars. （三）就近一致原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的主语形式。例如： There is a book and two pens on the desk. Neither he nor I am going.,一、两个主语由and或both and 连接时，谓语动词一般用复数,Jane and Betty_ going on holidays in a few days time. Both coffee and beer _on sale in the shop.,are,are,但是，以下几项应注意： 由and连接两个单数名词做主语，名词前只有一个定冠词修饰时是指同一人或同一事物，谓语动词须用单数形式。试比较：,1. The teacher and writer is going to write an article for the newspaper.（同一个人） 2. The teacher and the writer are going to write an article for the newspaper.（两个人）,另外，两个名词虽然由and连接，但表示单一概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如:bread and butter(黄油面包)， fish and chips （鱼炸土片）, coffee and milk(加牛奶的咖啡)， salt and water(盐水), a knife and fork (一副刀叉), a coat and skirt（一套上装和裙子）, a watch and chain（带链的挂表）,a desk and chair(一套桌椅） a needle and thread （穿了线针）,e.g. Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.（蛋炒饭） The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.(铁锤镰刀旗） All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,Your and my husband were at the meeting . Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south. The smoke and gas fills the building., 如果一个不可数名词被两个形容词修饰，指两样东西，动词用复数，指 一样东西，则用单数。,由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every, no或many a修饰时，谓语用单数形式。如： 3. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class. 4. Many a plant and many a animal is endangered on the earth. 5.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.,二、主语是只有复数形式的名词时，谓语动词用复数; 这类名词有clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes, socks, gloves, scissors, goods, customs, jeans, woods, savings 等,1. My shoes _ on the floor.,are,若有a pair of或a piece of等修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式由pair或piece等的形式决定。,2. A pair of shoes _ on the floor. 3. Pairs of shoes _ on the floor.,is,are,三、集体名词作主语指整体时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词包括：team, group, class, family, army, enemy, government, audience, crowd, committee, club，company, couple, party, staff, public, band, village, Bank of China, The B.B.C.,The village_ not far from here. The whole village _ out greeting him.,is,are,The boys team has some good players, but the girls is a better team. My dog team were not with me to pull my sled. The company was set up last year. The company are mostly young men.,四、1)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。常见的词有：cattle, folk , people, police, youth, mankind, 但people指“民族”时例外,1. The police _searching for the murderer. 2.The youth _like the rising sun. 3.The cattle _ grazing in the field.,are,are,are,4.Chinese people is a hardworking one.,2）无生命的集体名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：scenery, machinery, clothing, poetry, jewellery , stationary Much of her jewellery was missing.,3）单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语形式要根据句意来确定。 常见词有：deer, fish ,means, sheep, series, species, works, crossroads, aircraft The species of fish are numerous. This species of rose is very curious.,五、由together with, along with, as well as, no less than, rather than, in addition to, followed by, 以及not like, unlike, with, but, except, besides, including等连接的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由前面的名词或代词来决定(就前原则）。,1. The teacher with all of her students _at the talk show. (was , were) 2. All of her students with the teacher _ at the talk show. (was, were) 3.The teacher as well as the students _ this painting. (like, likes) 4.The father, rather than the brothers, _responsible. (is, are),was,were,likes,is,六、the + adj./分词做主语，泛指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，指个别人时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见词有：the poor, the rich ,the deaf, the brave, the dead, the old, the young, the living, the sick, the injured, the strong, the weak, the aged, the dying, the innocent （无辜的）,The old _well looked after by the government. (are, is) The dead _ about thirty years old. (was, were),are,was,七、the rest of, plenty of, all of, half of, some of , a part of, enough of, none of, most of, a lot of, lots of, abundance of, a world of, a flood of, scores of, 百分数或分数加 of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词，但population例外。,1.One third of the students are girls. 2. Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is sea. 3. Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new. 4.Plenty of snow has melted. Plenty of apples are needed here. 5. Two thirds of the milk is sour. Two thirds of the trees are newly planted.,6. What is the population of China? About thirty percent of the population of our country are smokers.,八、 时间、 重量、距离、金钱等名词复数作主语时，可看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。,Ten dollars is enough for them. Ten years is a long time.,Ten years have passed since she left home.,但如果说话人侧重于单个的个体时，谓语用复数形式。,1.定语从句 关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主句中的先行词来决定。,九、从句中的主谓一致 试比较： 1.She saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.,1) She is one of the girls who have been invited. 2) She is the only one of the girls who has been invited.,one of+复数名词+定语从句时，该复数名词为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。The only / very one of+复数名词+定语从句时，先行词为the one ,定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式。,2、主语从句,When and where we shall go outing this autumn has not been decided yet.,从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数：,1)What we need are two classrooms. 2)What he wants is enough time.,但是，what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词有单复数两种形式：what代表单数概念时，谓语动词用单数，what 代表复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。,3、在强调句中，如强调句子的主语，则who或that从句中的谓语动词应和主语保持一致。,It is Jim who survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.,4、在倒装句中，谓语动词采用就近一致原则。,1.In the room was found a hat, a few suits of clothes ,some shoes and socks. 2.Does neither he nor you go to Beijing.,十、由not onlybut also, notbut, neithernor, or, either or等连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则。,1. Either his teacher or his classmates come to see him. 2. Either his classmates or his teacher comes to see him. 3.One or two friends are coming this evening. 4.Neither I nor he is to blame.,There is a book and two pens on the desk. 2. There are two pens and a book on the desk.,十一、There be结构中，谓语动词一般与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,十二、动名词或动词不定式作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。,Seeing is believing. 2. To see is to believe. 3. How to get there is not known.,十三、英语中，加、减、乘、除等数字运算短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 Two and two is/ are four.,十四、不定代词either, neither, one, none, the other, someone, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, something, anything, nothing, everything等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： 1. Everyone is here. 2. Nothing is mentioned.,Exercises,1.Nobody but John and Tom _still in the lab as I passed by last night. A .had been B .were C. are D was 2.This is one of the rooms that _damaged in the fire. A. is B .are C. was D .were 3.Either your parents or your elder brother _to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. are B. have C. is D .are going 4.The poor _always dreaming _becoming rich. A. are ,in B .is, to C. is; of D. are ;of 5.He is the only one of the children who _ill of others behind their back. A .Speaks B. speak C .is spoken D. says,D,D,C,D,A,6.The population of the city _not large ,but one third Of the population here _highly-educated citizens. A .is ;is B .are ;are C .is; are D. are ;is 7.Those three minutes _the worst I ever spent. A .is B. are C. was D. were 8.Growing around the lake _wild flowers of different colors. A .is B .are C. was D. have been 9. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have pla