2020版高考英语复习Unit5Thepowerofnature课后达标检测新人教版选修.docx

Unit 5 The power of nature(建议用时：30分钟)阅读提速练 阅读理解A(2019昆明高三摸底调研测试)Hiking EnglandDAY 1：ST. BEES TO ENNERDALE BRIDGEOur journey sets out early this morning with a Coast to Coast tradition, approaching the Irish Sea. Then set off along the rocks of St. Bees Head. Turning inland, well pause for a typical pub lunch on our way to Ennerdale Bridge, located at the foot of the Lake District mountains. (15 miles hiking, 8 hours)Accommodations: Ennerdale Country House HotelDAY 2: ENNERDALE BRIDGE TO HONISTERToday well walk into the impressive Lake District National Park, where glasslike lakes reflect mountains that rise from their shores. Our pleasant walk covers the southern edge of Ennerdale Water and the parks most western lake. After lunch near the Black Sail Hut, climb a 2，000foot mountain and take in the beautiful views of lakes and pastures(牧场). We finish in Borrowdale, a short transfer(转乘) from our hotel. (13 miles hiking, 9 hours)Accommodations: Inn on the LakeDAY 3: GRASMERE TO GLENRIDDINGTake a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most wellknown works. Visit the poets home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration. Then climb over Grisedale Hause enjoying views of Helvellyn, Englands thirdhighest mountaintop. Hike down the valley toward Lake Ullswater and spend the night in Glenridding. (9 miles hiking, 5 hours)Accommodations: Glenridding Lake HotelDAY 4: LAKE ULLSWATER TO BAMPTONThe day begins with a scenic journey on Lake Ullswater to Howtown. From here, we cross a historic Roman road on our way to Bampton. A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale. (12 miles hiking, 7 hours)Accommodations: The Black Swan【解题导语】本文介绍了由海岸向内陆为期四天的徒步英格兰行程。1When do travellers walk the longest distance?AOn Day 1BOn Day 2.COn Day 3.DOn Day 4.A解析：细节理解题。根据行程可知，第一天至第四天的徒步行程分别是15英里、13英里、9英里和12英里，故游客在第一天的徒步距离最长。2Where is William Wordsworths home?AAt Grisedale Hause.BAt Helvellyn.CAt Grasmere.DAt Glenridding.C解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 3行程介绍中的“Take a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most wellknown works. Visit the poets home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration”可知，Grasmere是英国伟大诗人威廉华兹华斯的故乡。3What is special about Ravenstonedale?AIt offers travellers a nice pub lunch.BIt presents beautiful views of pastures.CIt has Englands thirdhighest mountaintop.DIt is an example of traditional English villages.D解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 4 描述中的“A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale”可知，Ravenstonedale是一个典型的英式乡村。故选D。B(2019太原二模)Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drivethrough window of a local caf， he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him. He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day, in case theyre not already having one.Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November. He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfasthe had saved a life.According to the website, someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th, he was planning on committing suicide. The writer said that while he was at the drivethrough window, he was planning on going home, writing a note and ending his life. When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day.“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason，” said the writer. “Why me? Why today? If I were a religious man, I would take this as a sign. This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose”When the writer arrived home, he couldnt hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply. “I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone. I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house”The writer said that in the months following that fateful event, he does at least one kind thing for others every day. “To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life，” he said. “On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Glen Oliver在得来速买咖啡时总习惯为下一位顾客付钱，没想到他的善举挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命。这个准备自杀的人准备付钱时，得知有人已经为他付过钱了，他深受感动，放弃了自杀的念头，决定做一个善良的乐于助人的人。4What is Olivers act of kindness every day?ABuying others breakfast.BGreeting restaurant workers.CPublishing positive news.DTaking groceries for neighbors.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drivethrough window of a local caf， he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him”可知，Glen Oliver每天早晨买咖啡时都为下一位顾客付钱，故A项正确。5What is special about Olivers act of kindness on July 18, 2017?AIt brought him thankyou letters.BIt was reported on a news website.CIt was the first time hed paid for others.DIt stopped someone from killing himself.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfasthe had saved a life”并结合本文最后一句“On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day”可知，2017年7月18日对Oliver来说是特别的一天，因为那天他挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命，故D项正确。6What does the underlined phrase “picked up the tab” mean in Paragaph 3?APaid the bill.BParked the car.CLeft a message.DOrdered a drink.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason”可知，那个准备自杀的人思考，为什么会有人无理由地给陌生人买咖啡；结合该句“When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day”可知，当他准备付钱时，收银员告诉他坐在SUV里的那个人已经为他付过钱了，并祝他有美好的一天；据此可以判断，画线词意为“付钱”，故A项正确。7How did the writer of the letter feel after the event?AHe felt guilty.BHe felt grateful.CHe felt confused.DHe felt saddened.B解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life”可知，那个准备自杀的人衷心感谢那个坐在SUV中的善良的人，感谢他的善良挽救了他的生命，故B项正确。C(2019惠州高三第一次调研)Workers at an Indian startup company are busy cutting metal into pieces and using them to make unusual devices. Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink. Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi, Indias capital. Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world.People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution. But another big reason is the citys diesel generators. Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages. These outages often strike in the summer months.Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the startup company Chakr Innovation. He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles gets all the media attention, but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators”. Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago. At the time, he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution. He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi.After over two years of research and development, Chakr Innovation has begun selling devices to capture pollution from diesel generators. To date, the devices have been set up in 50 places, including private businesses.The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger” where the dirty particles come together. These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate(微粒的) matter. The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink.In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhis air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers. But the same has not happened for diesel generators. There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation. He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution. He calls the technology “a winwin between businesses and the environment”.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍印度新德里的环境状况，向我们介绍了把烟变成墨水的一种改善环境的解决方法。8What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1?AThey are made in a big company.BThey are cut into pieces of metal.CThey can turn dirty smoke into ink.DThey will certainly clean up the dirty air.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink”可知，它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。9The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in _.AMarchBJulyCSeptemberDDecemberB解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外，柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因，而最后一句说明夏天是停电的高峰期，而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多，可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节。故选B项。10What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation?AThe determination to fight air pollution.BThe development of breathing problems.CThe media attention to vehicular pollution.DThe sight of a wall blackened by smoke.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the time, he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation”可知，一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr Innovation。故选D项。11When the device works, how are the dirty particles gathered together?ABy cooling the polluted air.BBy isolating the emissions.CBy moving the dirty particles.DBy capturing the particulate matter.A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a heat exchanger where the dirty particles come together”可知，在一个“热交换器”里冷却空气污染物就能使脏颗粒聚集起来。D(2019贵阳摸底考试)Pollutions serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。12What can we know about green buildings?AProducing no waste.BOnly using clean energy.CBeing made of new materials.DBeing environmentfriendly.D解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。13What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?ALarge.BSmall.CGreen.DLow.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。14What is the purpose of using green roofs?ATo fit the environment.BTo keep warm.CTo collect nature water.DTo reduce costs.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。15What is the text mainly about?APromoting energy efficiency.BEnvironmental benefits.CGreen buildings.DEcosystems and biodiversity.C解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。 七选五(2019惠州高三第一次调研)Childrens Games in Ancient ChinaUnlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didnt have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves. 1_. Lets take a look.Kicking stone ballsDuring the Qing dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. 2_. For example, the swallowshaped kite is a wellknown Beijing style.Playing hideandseekHideandseek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a childs eyes while other kids run around to tease him. 3_.4_The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulate puppets behind the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music.Setting off firecrackersFirecrackers have a history of more than 2，000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. 5_. After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are still set off during the Spring Festival to symbolize auspiciousness(吉祥).AWatching shadow playsBMaking a filmCEach of them has distinctive featuresDDifferent materials are used to make the kiteEAnd to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them blastFMore commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find themGInstead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代中国孩子们玩的一些游戏。1G解析：此处承上启下。上文讲古代的孩子们没有智能手机、苹果平板电脑或计算机来娱乐自己，后文讲看一看他们都具体玩什么。所以此处应该是讲他们在孩童时期玩有趣的游戏，故选G。2C解析：此处承上启下。根据上文所讲，现在最有名的三种风筝是北京风筝、天津风筝和潍坊风筝，并结合下文讲的燕子形状的风筝是一种有名的北京风格的风筝可知，这三种风筝都各有特色，故选C。3F解析：根据上文的“There are two ways to play. One way is.tease him”可知，此处应是玩捉迷藏的另外一种方式，故F项符合语境。4A解析：此处是本段主题句。根据本段的内容可知，本段是讲观看皮影戏，故选A。5E解析：空处前一句讲的是中国古代有一只叫“年”的兽，因此空处应是讲人们如何驱赶这只兽。故选E。语言知识与写作规范练 完形填空(2019太原二模)On July 24, 1916, a natural gas explosion trapped 32 men working in a tunnel 250 feet below Lake Erie. The first rescuers who entered the tunnel were 1 by gas, and for hours no one else dared to enter the suffocating(使人窒息的), 2 deathtrap.Then, late that night, someone had an idea: 3 Garrett Morgan and his new invention. Garrett Morgan was a successful 4 owner in Cleveland. The son of freed slaves and the seventh of 11 children, mechanically minded Morgan had opened his own sewing machine shop, which he soon 5 to a tailoring factory with 32 employees.In the early 1900s, factory buildings were crowded and untidy. They were often 6 of wood, with no fire escapes. Fire could cause serious 7 . Concerned about his employees, Morgan 8 with a “safety hood(面罩)” that would allow the wearer to 9 despite a fires poisonous smoke.Morgan knew smoke rises during a fire. 10 ， he created a heatresistant hood with a long tube reaching to the floor. Wearing Morgans hood, a firefighter could breathe the 11 air near the 12 . Morgan lined the breathing tube with a spongelike material that was wetted before use to 13 the air. A second tube was designed to 14 exhaled(呼出的) air.Called to the scene on the night of the tunnel explosion, Garrett arrived with samples of his safety hood. Still in their nightwear, he and his brother Frank put on the hoods and 15 entered the tunnel. It was a dangerous 16 of the invention, but they saved two lives and 17 four bodies before officials closed the 18 . Morgan knew that more lives might have been saved if he had been called sooner.The daring 19 made Morgan famous and brought requests for safety hoods from fire departments around the country. But his greatest 20 was knowing that his invention would save more people.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Lake Erie地区的天然气爆炸，导致32名隧道员工被困，由于有毒烟雾，最初的救援行动失败后没有人敢再进入隧道施救；有人请来了Garrett Morgan，一个安全面罩的发明者，他和他的弟弟戴上面罩勇敢地进入隧道，挽救了两条人命。这次救援行动使得Garrett Morgan声名远播，他的发明将挽救更多人的生命。1AlitBpoweredCovercomeDoverheatedC解析：根据该句中“and for hours no one else dared to enter.deathtrap”可知，有几个小时没有其他人敢进入隧道；结合该句“The first rescuers who entered the tunnel were _ by gas”可知，最初进入隧道的人被燃气呛晕了。C项意为“被(烟或气体)熏得失去知觉，被呛晕”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“点燃，燃烧”；B项意为“提供动力”；D项意为“使过热”。2AchangeableBremarkableCcautiousDpoisonousD解析：根据下文第三段尾句中的“poisonous smoke”并结合该句中的“for hours no one else dar