《被动结构的译法》PPT课件.ppt

被动结构的译法,英语：be + verb-ed 汉语：被,为.所，受到，加以； 由，把，使，是，将，叫，让，等,英语中被动态的使用都有一定的原因：着重被动动作；突出动作承受者（人或事）的重要性；不知道或无需说出动作执行者；便利上下文衔接；等，常使用被动句。 而汉语则不然。汉语中被动式使用较少，在叙述一种行为时，汉语常用主动式。 英译汉时，大量的被动语态需转换成主动语态，而汉译英时，许多主动句可以译成英语被动句。 因此翻译中要注意这种语态的转换，使之更符合译入语的表达习惯。,译成汉语的主动结构,原文主语在译文中仍做主语 Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. 大部分问题已经圆满解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要讨论 This liquid became mixed with the salt at room temperature. 在室温条件下，这种液体与盐混合了 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了,有时需要在译文中加入“加以，予以” 等词来强调原文中的被动含义。 这个问题必须在适当的时候加以适当的方式予以处理。 It must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time. 该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。 The plan will be examined by a special committee.,译成带“是”的主动句（带表语的主动句）。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的 My first thirty years were spent in Western America. 我的前三十年是在美国西部度过的 Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. 彩虹是阳光透过天空中的小水滴时形成的,相应的,汉语中的判断句 “是的”,可以翻译成英语的被动句. 这件事情将来是要查明的. 这幅油画是我姑姑在我生日时送给我的. This matter will be looked into in the future. This painting was given to me by my aunt on my birthday.,有些汉语句子的主语不是动词的执行者,而是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时用被动句处理. 历史是人民创造的. History is made by the people. 这首歌是我一个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine. 这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with. 这座桥将在今年年底建成. The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.,原文中的主语译成宾语 有时译文中需要增加泛指的“人们，大家，我们” 等作不确定的主语 It is odd that so little is known about the talented painter. 奇怪的是，人们对这位才华横溢的画家知之甚少 I am afraid I shall be laughed at. 我怕人家会笑我 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒奇怪了。,下列“It+系动词+动词的过去分词+that”的结构中，也常使用这种译法 (P32) It is believed that 有人认为 It is asserted that 有人主张 ,将英文的by,in,for 等作状语的介词短语翻译成汉语的主语， 英语原文中的主语一般译成宾语。 Doctors and teachers are needed in every part of the world. 世界上的每一个地方都需要医生和教师 A lot of precious oil paintings are housed in this museum. 这家博物馆收藏着不少珍贵油画。 A large amount of money has been put aside for that purpose. 已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项,译成汉语的被动句：带被动标志 这列句子都是着重被动动作，有些说出了动作的主动者，有些则没有。译文都有明显的模式：被, 给, 为, 所, 受到 The two thieves had been caught before the policemen arrived. 那两个小偷在警察到来之前就被抓住了 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现,Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策得到了全世界人民的支持 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上 Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 60 years. 去年这个地区遭受了六十年来最严重的旱灾,汉语中有 被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭 等词时,可译成英语被动句. 海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了。 Over-seas Chinese are no longer looked down upon. 窗上的玻璃被那个小孩子把破了，他一定要挨骂了。 The window pan was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. 办公大楼为松树所环绕。 The office building is surrounded by pine trees. 这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.,译成“把” “使” “由”字句 Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院的护士念给他听的 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。 Rivers are controlled by dams. 拦河坝把河流控制住,并不是所有带被动标记的汉语句子都要译成英语被动式. 他们将冲破一切束缚他们的罗网，朝着解放的路上迅跑。一切帝国主义、军阀、贪官污吏、土豪劣绅，都将被他们葬入坟墓。 They will smash all the trammels that bind them and rush forward along the road to liberation. They will sweep all the imperialists, warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry into their graves. 老太太被风吹病了。 The old lady was blown sick by the wind. The old lady felt ill because of the draught.,不带被动标志的被动句：这类句子形式上一般有主语，也有动词，但实际上主语是谓语动作的承受者，而不是执行者，动作执行者并不出现。 The agreement has been made out and initialized. 协议已缮写完毕并已草签。 The above-mentioned funds shall be contributed in cash, in kind and in technology as mutually agreed by the Parties. 上述资金应以双方同意的现金、实物和技术投入。,译成汉语无主语句,英语被动句由“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”构成时，可以译成：主语+ 情态动词含义+ 主动形式谓语动作， 也可以成汉语的无主句 Wrong must be righted when they are discovered. 错误一经发现就一定要纠正。 一旦发现了错误就一定要纠正。 The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表可以随时改变。 可以随时改变时间表。,一些固定的句型：p34 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is supposed that 据推测 It must be admitted that 必须承认 ,按照英语的习惯，一些正式的布告，口号，通告常常使用被动语态，翻译时可译成汉语的无主语句 This book may not be taken out of the reading room. A.不可以将这本书带出阅览室 B.这本书不可以带出阅览室 Claim, if any, must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, after which no claims will be entertained. 万一发生索赔, 必须于货物到达目的后30天内提出, 逾期则不予受理. 必须尽快做这件事情 This must be done as soon as possible. 此处禁止游泳 Swimming is strictly forbidden here.,汉译英时，有时为了强调动作承受者（人或事）的重要性，会由主动句转成英语被动句。 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all ethnic groups every year. 他提议在各班之间开展友谊竞赛。 He proposed that a friendly emulation drive be started among the different classes. 中美已经建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.,为了措辞得当，语气委婉，主动变被动： 请全系学生于星期三下午两点在会议室集合听报告。 All students of the Department are requested to meet in the conference room at 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday to hear a speech. 请来宾出示入场券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 急需此货，请即装运。 The goods are urgently needed. Prompt shipment will be appreciated.,homework,It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. The lost child was found three days later. Pronunciation has been paid attention by the students. Your inquires for all types of electric goods would be appreciated. 他常被派做这项工作. 你叫雨淋湿了. 东西受潮了. 应该说,基本情况是健康的.,据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. The lost child was found three days later. 失踪的孩子三天后找到了。 Pronunciation has been paid attention by t