(AB级)非谓语常用句型及练习.ppt

英语四级基础辅导非谓语,过去分词,过去分词也有双重性，一方面有动词的性质，如： I saw the ball thrown into the garden. 另一方面相当于形容词，如： She is very worried. 过去分词属于非谓语一种，所以在句中不可用作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用表语、定语、状语、补足语等。 1. 句法作用 1) I feel a little tired. Hes gone. Youre mistaken.,特别提醒： A. 现在分词作表语与动名词作表语的区别： Our task is keeping the room clean. His speech is encouraging. B. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： The glass is broken. The glass was broken by my brother. C.现在分词作表语和过去分词作表语的区别： The news was disappointing to him. She was disappointed at the news.,2) Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier. spoken English a developing country a developed country 特别提醒： A. 现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别： the falling leaves the fallen leaves the rulling class the rulled class,B. 现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别： a sleeping car a sleeping baby working method working people C.分词作定语与不定式作定语的区别： 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。 如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river,过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。 如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river 注意：过去分词短语用作定语时一般都放在所修饰名词的后面，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁。如： The concert given by the band was a great success. (=The concert that was given by the band was a great success.) 3）When he hurried home, he found his money stolen. Have you had your passport checked.,4）He looked very happy when praised. 注意：当强调时间概念时，过去分词之前可用连词 when和while。如： When asked why he came here, he said that he should take the responsibility of the accident. Born and bred in the countryside, he was confused by the big city. Given more time, Ill do it better. United, we stand; divided, we fall. Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy.,注意：强调让步观念时，过去分词前可用连词although，如 Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey. 注意： A. 分词作状语时，分词动作的逻辑主语要求与句子的主语一致。比较： Hearing the news, his tears rolled down. 正确When he heard the news, his tears rolled down. Seen from the top of the hill, he saw the whole of the village. 正确 Looking from the top of the hill, he saw the whole of the village.,B.现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别: 过去分词常表示动作已经完成，一般有被动的含义；现在分词的被动结构（being 过去分词）一般表示一个正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生的被动动作，若强调被动动作发生在谓语动作之前，与谓语动词的动作有明显的先后关系，可用现在分词完成式被动结构（having been 过去分词），常译为“曾经，已经”等意思，相比较过去分词作状语所表示的动作时间概念比较模糊，可表示发生在谓语动作之前，也可同时进行。试比较： Having been asked for several times, he made an answer. Shut in prison, he lost his freedom completely., 现在分词的完成被动式主要用来作状语。作表语，定语和宾语补足语时，表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动意义，通常用过去分词。 I enjoy the books written by Dickens. 注意： a broken glass； an uninvited guest 但不能说： a being broken glass； a being uninvited guest； 比较： The problem, discussed at yesterdays meeting, was settled at last. The problem being discussed now is difficult to settle., ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替。 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.,分词作定语时，要注意其句中的结构：,分词作宾语补足语时要注意的结构：,分词作状语时要注意的结构：,分词作表语时，有如下固定结构：,例题： 例1: It is easy to think that a witness who saw a crime _ will be able to give all the answers . A) to be committed B) commit C) committing D) being committed 例2： _with his report，the boss told John to write it all over again A) Not to satisfy B) Not having satisfied C) Not being satisfied D) Not satisfying,D,C,例3：_ more time，the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to the problem A)Given B)Giving C)To give D)Be given 例4:His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself_. A)understood B)to understand C)be understood D)understand,A,A,【专项练习】 (1) After graduation the students asked _ to the countryside . A) to send B) to be sending C) to be sent D) being sent (2) The last class _ , the boys and girls began to clear their classroom . A) being over B) having been over C) was over D) over,C,B,(3) We climbed to the top of the mountain, and saw the sun _. A) rising B) to rise C) rose D) risen (4) People all over the world have seen the remarkable changes _ in our country . A) taken place B) to take place C) taking place D) having been taken place (5) _ the city , she offered to be our guide . A) To be familiar B) Being familiar with C) Being familiar to D) Be familiar to,A,C,B,(6) _ as the brightest boy in our class, he has already passed CET Band 6 . A) To be known B) Knowing C) To know D) Known (7) There are a lot of problems _ at the meeting . A) to be discussed B) discussed C) being discussed D) discussing (8) The overseas Chinese was very glad to see a new hospital _ in his hometown. A) to build B) be built C) being built D) to be building,D,A,C,(9) _ his homework , he continued to do some extra reading . A) Done B) Having done C) Doing D) To have done (10) _ her sister , she is less kind and sometimes cold . A) Comparing to B) Comparing with C) Compared to D) Compare with (11) _ the report, I handed it to John. A) Having finished B) Being finishing C) Finishing D) To have finished,B,C,A,(12) _, he can quickly find out whats wrong with the machine. A) Having been well trained B) Having been trained C) To be well trained D) To have been well trained (13) Its no use _ to her about the importance of the document. A) to talk B) talk C) talking D) talked (14) Ive never seen the young man _ next to the director. A) sits B) sitting C) sat D) to sit,A,C,B,(15) I was _ to find his article on such an _ topic so _. A) surprised excitedbored B) surprisingexcitingboring C) surprisedexcitingboring D)surprisingexcitedbored (16) He was very sorry _ her at the airport. A) not to meet B) to not meet C) to have not meet D) not to have meet (17) Many things _ impossible in the past are common today. A) to consider B) considered C) be considered D) considering,C,D,B,非谓语动词的常用句型： It takes+时间+to do spendwaste+时间金钱+doing had better+ do would rather+ dothan do prefer+ to dodoing Its no usegood +doing Its a waste of time +doing be worth+ doing be worthy of+ being done Its worth while + doing,Would you mind + doing .? Would you like/care + to do .? . have no choice but + to do /, do nothing but + do . too.+ to do . need/want/require + doing . be used to + doing(习惯做) . have sb + do have sth + done . happened + to do,(18) Im afraid you have been speaking too fast to make yourself (understand) _. (19) David was so (disappoint) _ about the decision that he ran out of the classroom. (20) Do you remember (introduce) _ Professor Smith to Dr. Li during his first visit to China? (21) When he was in hospital, the nurse had his temperature (take) _ every four hours. (22) While (cross) _ the street, I saw someone waving to me. (23) He is going to get a tooth (pull) _ out. (24) I dont mind (have) _ a dog in the house so long as it is clean. (25) She was glad to see her children well (take) _ care of in the nursery.,understood,disappointed,introducing,taken,crossing,pulled,having,taken,(26) They denied (steal) _ the money. (27) We are looking forward to (receive) _ your letter. (28) They used to (live) _ in Chicago, but now they live in New York. (29) John was caught (steal) _ his neighbors apples the other day. (30) I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) _ with his classmates. (31) The man _ (question) in the police station now is a spy (32) A man _ (respect) others will be respected (33) she can find no one _ (make) friends with,having stolen,re