科技翻译教学课件1.ppt

Translation of EST 科技英语翻译,Requirements,考试方式及成绩评定 教学方式：课堂讲授、分析研讨、课后练习。 考核方式：平时综合表现（考勤、课堂活动表现、课堂作业）50%，期末考试50%。,Terms,EST (English for Science and Technology) 科技英语 Scientific Texts/ Scientific Prose (from a point of view of stylistic) 科技文本/科技散文 Translation of EST/ Translation of Scientific Texts 科技英语翻译/科技文体翻译,EST,In a broad sense, EST covers anything related to science and technology, both in written and spoken forms. 1) 科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案; 2) 各类科技情报和文字资料; 3) 科技实用手册(Operative Means, 包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等等)的结构描述和操作规程; 4) 有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的用语; 5) 有关科技的影片、录像等有声资料的解说词,等等,Linguistic Features of EST & the Translation, Science - precision & the absence of ambiguity The language of science - precise & unambiguous Coherence, Clarity & Fluency (连贯、明晰、畅达) Translated versions : objective, accurate & well-knit,Translation Standards,Translation Standards for Translation of EST: clarity, coherence & conciseness 科技英语翻译标准: 明确、通顺、简练。 (准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰),准确规范,We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计:华氏表和摄氏表。 这里我们将提及两种温标:华氏温标和摄氏温标。 (temperature scales 有固定的翻译方法,翻译为 “温标”,而不是 “温度计”thermometer),Practice,1. The power plant is the heart of a ship. 2. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 1. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 2. 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。,通顺易懂,A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed of light. 一个物体不会有一个大于光速的速度。 一个物体的速度绝不会超过光速。,通顺易懂,Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor. 蒸馏就是加热溶液直到水蒸发,然后冷凝蒸汽。 蒸馏就是要把溶液加热,直到水蒸发,然后再使蒸汽冷凝。,Practice,3. Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 3. 半导体器件也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 4. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 4.我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。,Practice,5. Cramped conditions means that passengers legs cannot move around freely. 5. 空间狭窄, 旅客的双腿就不能自由活动。,简洁明晰,It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 为了避免损坏设备的零件,未经许可不得拆卸该设备。 严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。,Practice,6. All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die. 7. The removal of minerals from water is called softening. 6. 由于生理上的局限, 一切生物总是要死亡的。 7. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。,Requirements for a Qualified Scientific Translator,1) a broad knowledge on the subjects involved; 2) capable of employing translating skills involved in translation of EST; a) a thorough understanding of the technical terms b) acquaintance with sentence structures frequently used in EST c) a thorough analysis of the deep structures 3) to have a good command of English & Chinese 4) to be rigorous,Stylistic Features of EST,Lexical Features of EST Syntactic Features of EST,Lexical Features of EST & the Translation,Frequent Use of 1) Terminology/Scientific Words 2) Nominalization,Terminology,Terminology 1) Proper nouns 2) The borrowing of daily words 3) New words and expressions based on modern English word-formation,Proper Nouns,Proper nouns for a certain major only hertz 赫兹 volt 伏特 hydroxide 氢氧化物 anode 阳极 annealing 退火 isotope 同位素,The borrowing of daily words,operation 操作 运算 (Computer Science) 手术 (Medicine) 作战 (Military) ceiling 天花板、顶板 绝对升限/最大飞行高度 (aeronautics航空学) 云幕高度(meteorology气象学) 风值电压 (electricity电学),The borrowing of daily words,transmission 传递/传达 (daily usage) 发射/播送 (a term in radio engineering) 传动 (in mechanical engineering) 透射 (in physics) 遗传 (in medical science) derivative 派生物 (daily usage) 衍生物 (in chemistry) 导数/微商 (in mathematics) 金融衍生工具 (in business activity) loop 环/圈 回路 (in radio engineering) 节育环 (medical science) 循环 (in metrology),concentration A) Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. B) The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. C) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possibility.,Norminalization,Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations. 尽管改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。 High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy. 高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。,Norminalization,All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model. 在拟定模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。 The first step in the solution of any dynamical problem is the selection of an appropriate coordinate system. 在解任何一个动力学运算题时要做的第一步就是选择一个合适的坐