非谓语动词复习要点.ppt

The Non-Predicate Verbs,非谓语动词形式,当给猫适当的训练时，它也能做出让人惊奇的事。(when) When they are trained properly, cats can do something amazing. When trained properly, cats can do something amazing. 那个很像他兄弟的人实际上是一个演员。(resemble) The man who resembles his brother is actually an actor. The man resembling his brother is actually an actor. 在我们日常生活中，由塑料制成的产品随处可见。(make) In our daily life, the products which are made of plastic can be seen everywhere. In our daily life, the products made of plastic can be seen everywhere.,琼提议向父母或朋友寻求关于找工作的建议。(suggest) Joan suggested that we should ask parents or friends for advice on how we could find a job. Joan suggested asking parents or friends for advice on how to find a job. 这个游客让大巴上其他人等了很久，为此他感到非常抱歉。(sorry) The tourist felt sorry that he had kept the other people on the coach waiting for a long time. The tourist felt sorry for having kept the other people on the coach waiting for a long time. The tourist felt sorry to have kept the other people on the coach waiting for a long time.,非谓语动词种类 非谓语动词定义 在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词形式有 动词不定式(the Infinitive) - to do 动名词(the Gerund) - doing 现在分词(the Present Participle) - doing 过去分词(the Past Participle) - done,非谓语动词的句法功能,一、作主语 1. 不定式 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 动词不定式短语作主语时, 常用形式主语 it 作形式主语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It is + 形容词 (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth. 通常用 of 的词有 brave, clever, careful, hopeless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, naughty, kind, good, generous, nice, considerate, thoughtful 等。 It is very hard for those who have never been to the small village to describe its beauty. It was generous of Rick to donate $1,000 to the Hope Project.,一、作主语 2. 动名词 Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life. He recognized that donating blood requires little work and virtually no pain while helping save lives. 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 Its no use quarrelling with them. 有时加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常是名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词 Peters coming late made the president angry. Your passing the exam will please all your family.,二、作表语 1. 不定式 The only difficulty is to get more orchids. He appears to have caught a cold. Many problems still remain to be solved. What he could do then was (to) find a doctor. 2. 动名词 The only difficulty is getting more orchids. One of the ways would be moving the concert hall to another place.,二、作表语 3. 现在分词 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 4. 过去分词 They were frightened at the terrible sight. The window is broken. 现在分词表“令人” ，过去分词表“感到” amazing / amazed; confusing / confused 只用过去分词，表示状态、特点等 upset, distinguished, married, experienced, crowded, unexpected,三、作宾语 1. 常跟不定式的动词 afford, agree, aim, ask, appear, choose, dare, decide, decline, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, undertake, volunteer, wish, hesitate, long, bother, tend, trouble 等 2. 常跟动名词的动词 acknowledge, admit, advocate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand 等,The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch). I would appreciate _ (you, call) back this afternoon. We have to do something to stop wild animals _ (kill). Were considering _ (practise) _ (speak) English in pairs after class. I dont want _ (sound) like Im speaking ill of anyone, but the managers plan is unfair. I hadnt expected _ (give) such a warm welcome.,being caught,your calling,being killed,to be given,to sound,practising,speaking,3. 两者均可，差异不大(多用to do) attempt, begin, continue, hate, intend, learn, like, love, prefer, start等 4.两者均可，意义不同 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help, be used to, go on 等动词 He forgot _ (tell) me to post the letter. I shall never forget _ (find) that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. Remember _ (write) to us when you get there. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.,to write,finding,to tell,to rest,In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour. I regret _ (tell) you that I cant go to your birthday party. They regretted _ (agree) to the plan. He tried _ (pretend) to share in the pleasure with his friend. She tried _ (read) a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. I didnt mean _ (hurt) you. A friend indeed means _ (help) others for nothing in return. She didnt remember _ (meet) him before.,waiting,to tell,agreeing,to pretend,reading,to hurt,helping,having met,9. She cant help _ (clean) the house because shes busy making a cake. 10. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.,being persuade,(to) clean,5. 在SVOC句型中，用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面 We feel it our duty to help the needy. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it) I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 他没有说清楚他回来的时间. (it) He hasnt made it clear when he is coming back. 6.动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。 The washing-machine needs repairing / to be repaired. The point wants referring to.,常跟动名词的短语 cannot stand be absorbed in congratulate sb. on have trouble (in) prevent sb. from spend time or money in waste time or money in There is no point in give up be worth feel like insist on keep on succeed in dream of accuse sb. of,to是介词的常用固定结构 look forward to devoteto / be devoted to be / get used to get down to pay attention to be limited to amount to contribute to lead to refer to point to object to equal to belong to,The little boy entered the classroom without _ (notice). I apologize for _ (not, keep) my promise. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up) some schools for poor children. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. He did nothing last Sunday but _ (repair) his bike. Only one of these books is worth _ (read).,setting up,not having kept,being noticed,walking,repair,reading,四、宾语补足语 1. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + to do sth. want, wish, expect, desire, ask, tell, order, beg, advise, allow, permit, help, persuade, prepare, cause, force, oblige, invite, require, remind, inform, call on, wait for, arrange for, appeal to, depend on等 不用于此句型的动词：demand, suggest, hope, agree 2. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + do sth. make, let, have, feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, observe 等 I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.,四、宾语补足语 3. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + doing sth. have, get, keep, leave, feel, hear, listen to, find, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, catch等。 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 4. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + done I heard the song sung several times last week.,He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ (interest) in his lectures. In the dream Peter saw himself _ (chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ (steal) and let her off. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. John was made _ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ (invent) the first computer. The patient was warned _ (not, eat) oily food after the operation.,interested,chased,stealing,grow,to wash,to have invented,not to eat,四、宾语补足语 5. with复合结构 Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. Sorry. With my mind _ (fill) with so much work, I almost break down. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,filling,filled,finished,to settle,五、定语 1.不定式 与所修饰名词有动宾关系： I have an important meeting _ (attend). The child has nothing _ (worry). Have you got anything to be taken to your father? 说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan _ (finish) the work this week. intention, promise, invitation, way, time, wish, idea chance, opportunity 等 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： China is the third country _ (send) a man into space.,to attend,to worry about,to ,to send,五、定语 2.动名词 He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school. The cave, his hiding-place, is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.,五、定语 3.现在分词 单个分词做定语时，放在名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。一般说来，having done, having been done 不作定语。 In the following years he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is Toms father. 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如： in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed the man speaking 可改为 the man who is speaking There was a terrible noise _ (follow) the sudden burst of light. At present, there is a new supermarket _ (build) in the south of the town.,following,being built,五、定语 4.过去分词 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Those elected as committee members will attend tomorrows meeting. Language experts claim that children _ (expose) to the English-speaking environment will pick up English quickly. Look at his _ look. It seems as if he had met a _ tiger. (frighten),exposed,frightened,frightening,请用动词 build 的适当形式填空: The beautiful house over there _ last year _ now _ next year is intended for the aged people.,built,being built,to be built,The Town Hall _ (complete) in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. The old man, _ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. She is the only one to think there is no need _ (carry) out the plan. Were looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of the art festival _ (hold) tomorrow. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” Most of the people _ (invite) to the party were famous scientists. His anxiety _ (leave) the office was obvious.,completed,having worked,to carry,to be held,saying,invited,to leave,五、状语 1. 不定式 (1) 表示目的 To keep us in good health, we should spare some time to do exercise every day. She sold her ring to buy her husband a present. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 Wrong: To save money, every means has been tried. right: To save money, he has tried every means. In order not to disturb his parents, he got up early and cooked breakfast himself. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ (not, lose) his job.,in order not to lose,(2) 表示结果(常用only放在不定式前表示强调) He arrived at the airport, only _ (tell) the actress had left. The differences between American and British English are so trivial as hardly _ (notice). (3) 与形容词连用 Its too dark for us _ (see) anything. The question is simple for him _ (answer).,to be told,to be noticed,to see,to answer,五、状语 2. 分词 While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring C. the doorbell rings D. we heard the doorbell rings _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. Though _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. Though _ of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.,told,breaking,raining,五、状语 3. 独立结构 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished The field _ (plough), he began to spread seed. Time _ (permit), well do another two exercises. There _ (be) no bus, I had to walk home.,ploughed,permitting,being,五、状语 4. 特殊形式作状语 分词类： Generally speaking 总的说来， Strictly speaking 严格地说， Judging from / by 从判断， Talking of 说到， Allowing for / Considering 考虑到， Counting 算上， Given 考虑到,不定式类： To tell (you) the truth, 老实说， To begin with, 首先， To be exact/ brief, 精确地说/简言之， To conclude, To sum up, 总而言之， To do him justic