课件：lesson 综合英语.ppt

Lesson Fifteen Unreality of TV,Art Buchwald（阿特.布赫瓦尔德）,warming up,Advantages provides us news at home and abroad a good way to relax brings us much pleasure Disadvantages does great harm to eyes children spend less time reading and some programs are not suitable for children people communicate less and read less in their spare time ,Focus questions,1. According to him what is the greatest danger of television? 2. Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screen or the unreality?,Focus questions,1. According to him what is the greatest danger of television? In the Unreality of TV, Dr. Applebaum thinks the greatest danger of television lies in that it presents to children a world that doesnt exist and leads them to expect things that never happen. 2. Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screen or the unreality? The unreality is doing more harm to Children than the violence.,Learning Guide,电视是20世纪影响人们生活的重要发明，然而电视也带来不少问题，尤其是对青少年。许多人认为电视对青少年的负面影响莫过于暴力。而本文作者认为，电 视节目给青少年展现的是一个虚幻世界，使他们在耳濡目染、潜移默化之中，变得不能面对现实，这才是电视对孩子们最大的毒害。,词 汇 1.unreality n. 不真实（性） 2.reality n. 现实 real adj. really, adv realize v 实现 3.violence n. 暴力 4. present v. 显示，展现；描述 N. 礼物 Adj. 当前的，在场的 5. show n. 节目，表演 6.television show 电视节目,7. show v. 上演（戏剧等），放映（电影） Show 短语 on show展览着，在公开展出 show up露面；露出；揭露 show in领入；领人 show off炫耀；卖弄 in show外表上；有名无实地 talk show脱口秀；访谈节目 fashion show时装秀；时装表演会 put on a show假装给人家看；装病 trade show贸易展览；内部预映 show business娱乐业；娱乐性行业（等于showbiz）,8. park v. 停放（车子等） N. 公园 9. very adv. 真正地，完全地 10.back v. 使倒退，使后退；倒退，后退 Back up 支持，倒退， 11.available adj. 可得到的；可利用的，现成的 12.block n. 街区；建筑群 13. distorted adj. 被歪曲的，被曲解的 14. doorman n. 门卫,15.screen n. 荧屏，屏幕 16.nonsense n. 胡说八道，废话；无意义的话或行为 17.rain-swept adj. 大雨滂沱的 18.gangster n. 匪徒，歹徒 19.kid n. （口语）小孩；年轻人 20. bandage v. 用绷带包扎 21.defend v. 为辩护 22.defendant n. 被告 23.innocent adj. 无罪的，无辜的 24.plead v. （法律）辩解,25.guilty adj. 有罪的，内疚的 短语 be/feel guilty of 对.感到内疚,犯.罪 e.g. e.g.I had a guilty conscience about not telling her the truth. 我因为没有告诉她事实真相而感到内疚。 e.g You look guilty.你看上去心虚 e.gHe confessed himself guilty of theft.他承认自己犯了盗窃罪。,26.D.A. abbr. （美District Attorney t:ni 的缩写）地方检察官 27.harm n. 损害，伤害 28.harmful adj. 有害的 29.advertisement n. 广告 30.mouthwash n. 漱口剂；洗口药 31.mate n. 伴侣,Text analysis,Para. 1 Page 343 1. Dr. Heinrich Applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. It is not about violence, but about how television gives children a false sense of reality. Applebaum博士最近完成了一项关于电视节目对儿童影响的调查报告。（这种影响）不是暴力，而是电视节目给孩子们造成对现实的错觉。 A study 研究 B on 关于（理论的研究） C effect on 对.的影响 D notbut 不是而是 E sense 感觉，感官,Para. 2 Page 343 2. Dr. Applebaum told me, “The greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesnt exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.“ Applebaum博士告诉我：“电视对孩子的最大危害是它呈现了一个非真实的世界，使得他们期盼着永远也不会发生的事。“ A that it presents a world to children that doesnt exist, That 引导一个表语从句。没有词汇意义，但是不能省略。 B present 呈现，展现 C lead to 导致 通往 Lead sb. to do,Para. 3 Page 343 3. “I dont understand, Doctor,“ I said. 我说：“我不明白，博士。”,Para. 4. Page 343 4. “Well, let me give you one example. Have you ever seen a television show where a person in a car doesnt immediately find a parking place on the very first try?“ “那么我给你举个例子。你看见过电视节目中坐在汽车里的人不能头一次就马上找到一 个停车的地方吗？”,A give sb. An(one) example 举例 B . “where a person in a car doesnt“是定语从句，修饰a television show C . parking place 停车位 D. on the very first try：头一次（试做某事） E. very 常用来强调某些形容词的最高级形式以及像first，last，same等词。 e.gThey are the very people who worked such wonders. 正是这些人创造了这样伟大的奇迹。 e.gYou are the very person Im looking for . 你正是我要找的人。,Para. 5 Page 343,“Come to think of it,“ I said, “I havent.“ “真的，想想还真是的，”我说，“我是没看见过。” A. Come to think of it：相当于汉语的“真的“，“想想还真是如此“。“回头想想” e.g.We must hurry. Come to think of it, we only have two days left. 我们要抓紧时间，的确，只剩下两天了。 e.g Come to think of it. there is some truth in what he said. 细想一下，他的话有些道理。 e.gCome to think of it, I suppose that is my fault. 细想一下，我觉得是我不对。,Para. 6 Page 343 6.“Not only is there always a parking place, but the driver doesnt even have to back into it. There are two parking spaces for him when he needs one. “那里不但总有一个空车位，而且开车的人还不必费事把车倒进去。当他需要一 个车位时，总有两个车位空在那里。,A. Not only.but (also).不仅而且. 如果连接两个句子，而且not only 位于句首时。句子要倒装。 e.gNot only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 他不仅作出了许诺，而且履行了诺言。 e.gNot only is he learned(有学问）， but also he has a good character. 他不但有学问而且品行也好。,7. Children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place available when and where they want it. 这样，孩子们就被引导着相信当他们长大后，无论何时何地想停车，他们都能找 到车位。 A. Children are being led to believe 这是现在进行时的被动语态。把他改成 主动语态就应该是： These TV shows are leading children to believe. Lead sb. To do sth. 导致某人/引导某人做某事 B grow up 长大 C be able to 可以表示将来（或者通过努力）能， can 就没有这种用法。,D a parking place available 现存的停车位 Available adj. 能得到的，能获得的，现存的，在场的，有。 e.g My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的自行车现在不能用，因为正在修理。 e.gLaundry services are available. 提供洗衣的服务。 e.gAre there any seats available? 这儿还有空座位吗？ e.gI have less time available. 我时间少了很多。 e.g.Is this vacancy still available? 这个工作还空缺吗? e.g No suitable work was available. 找不到适当的工作。,8. You can imagine how bad they will feel when they discover that in real life they can drive around a block for three hours and still cant find a place to park their car.“ 你可以想象到当他们在现实生活中绕着一个街区开了三个小时的车还找不到一个车位时，会是多么糟糕。”,Para. 8 Page 344,9. “I never thought of it, but its true. What else do they show on television which gives a distorted picture of the real world?” “我从来没有想到过，但的确是真的。还有哪些电视节目扭曲地反映了现实活？” A. Think of 想到 B distorted adj. strained or wrenched out of normal shape 扭曲的，变形的 e.gPain had distorted her face. 痛苦扭曲了她的脸。(或：她的脸都痛歪了。) E.g Why is it so distorted? 为什么它是如此失真？ e.g.You have distorted my motives. 你曲解了我的动机。 e.gThe reporter distorted the facts. 记者们歪曲了事实。 e.gHis face was distorted by pain . 他的脸因痛苦变了形。 C the real world 真实世界,Para. 9 Page 344,10. “Have you noticed that whenever a person walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, Get me a taxi, the taxi immediately arrives? “您注意到没有，不管一个人何时从餐厅或办公楼出来对门卫说：给我叫辆出租车，出租车就会招之即来 A. Whenever = no matter when 无论何时 B 句子结构： you have noticed that(宾语从句） 宾语从句中，主语是 the taxi, 谓语 arrives Whenever a person walks .says时间状语。,11. I have never seen a TV show where the doorman has said, I m sorry. I cant get you a taxi. Youd better take the bus. “ 我从没在电视上听到过门卫说：很抱歉，先生。我叫不到车。你还是坐公共汽车吧。” A had better 最好 否定式为 had better not , 后面接不带to的不定式 缩写为 d e.g.You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好别错过末班车,Para. 10 Page 344,“Of course,” I said, “I never noticed that. There is always a yellow taxi waiting somewhere off the TV screen.” “的确是”，我说，“我从来没有注意到这一点。“荧屏外总有一辆黄色的出租车待命。” A. (幽默的说法。美国的出租车多为黄色，这里讽刺出租车召之即来的虚假情况。）,Para. 11 Page 344,13. “Now,” said Applebaum, “have you ever said to a taxi driver, Follow that car and dont lose him?” “那么，“Applebaum博士说，“你有没有对出租车司机说过跟上那辆车，别让那人溜了？“,A. Follow : 跟随；接着 理解；发生兴趣；由此产生；跟着人（或物）去（或来），遵守 e.g He plotted out the course the ship should follow. 他在海图上标绘出了这艘船该走的航线。 e.gI didnt quite follow; could you explain it again? 我不太明白，你能再解释一下吗？ e.gShe spend a lot of money to follow the fashion. 为赶时髦她花费了不少钱。 e.gThey could not follow the lecture. 他们听不懂这次演讲。 e.gShips must follow the channel into the port. 船只必须沿航道进入港口。,Para. 12 Page 344,14. “Not really.“ “真没有过。”,Para. 13. Page 344,15. “Well, if you had, the driver would have told you not to talk nonsense. “如果你真要这么对司机说，他一定会叫你别胡扯。 A. 这是典型的虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的假设。 如果表示对过去事情的假设。条件从句中动词用过去完成时。主句中用助动词加have done. e.gIf I had caught that guy, I would have beaten his brains out. 要是当时我逮住了那家伙，准要砸烂他的狗头。 e.gI never would have thought of it if you hadnt mentioned it. 要不是你提起它，我怎么也不会想起来。,B . Talk nonsense 胡说八道 Talk sense 说话有道理，通晓事理 E.g. No use jacking the boy up. You should talk sense into him and make him realize he was wrong. 责骂那个男孩是没有用的。你应该给他讲道理，使他认识错误。 e.gHe had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。,16. No taxi driver wants to follow another car because that means hes going to get into trouble. 没有哪个出租车司机愿意跟踪别的车，因为这会惹麻烦。 Get into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦,17. But on TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. And the worst thing is that the kids believe it.“ 但在电视节目里，出租车司机好像没有别的事可干，个个都情愿以每小时90英里的速度在大雨滂沱的马路上奔驰，尾随满载歹徒的车辆。最糟糕的是孩子们都相信这是真的。”,A. have nothing better to do than to do 除了做以外，没有别的更好的事可干 一般来说，than 后面接不带to 的不定式。但这里是两个不定式进行比较。所以than 后面就接了不定式。 e.gI would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.(正常情况不带to) 我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。 e.gIt is harder to teach than (to) study. (两个不定式进行比较，带了to) 教书比读书辛苦。 e.g.Henry seems to have nothing better to do than to tell jokes. 除了说笑话，亨利好像就没别的事可干了。 e.gI think some old people have nothing better to do than to complain about their unhappiness. 我觉得有些老人除了抱怨自己不愉快的事情之外就不知道做别的。,B keep up with 赶上，跟上， e.gI cant keep up with all the changes in computer technology. 计算机技术的各种改进有些我已跟不上了 e.gShe likes to keep up with the latest fashions. 她喜欢穿戴入时。 C. carful 由 car + ful 构成 表示 慢慢一车 类似的构词法还有 Handful 一把的量 Bowlful 一满碗,2019/8/7,37,可编辑,Para. 14 Page 345,18. “What else have you discovered?“ “你还发现了什么？ A else 其他的人/事 E.g. Somebody else 某个其他人 所有格为 elses,Para. 15. Page 345,19.“Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. “孩子们对医院里急救室的真实情况也产生错觉。 A false sense 错觉 B ward 病房 C what.are really like 真实情况怎么样，像什么样子,20.On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. 电视里，当人们带着孩子去急救室时，会有四名医生急冲冲地过来给孩子包扎腿部 A take sb. to 把某人带到 B emergency ward 急救室 C rushing 现在分词表示 come 的方式， D bandage v 系上绷带,21. In a real life situation the kid would be sitting on the bench for two hours before he even saw a nurse. 在现实生活中这孩子会坐在长凳子上等两个小时才能见到一位护士。 A before 才（能够）,22. On TV there always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it. 电视里，当一个孩子需要床位时，总是恰好有一个床位留着给他用。 A happen to 碰巧，正好,23. What the kids in this country dont know is that sometimes you have to wait three days to get a hospital bed and then you have to pay 500 dollars down before they give it to you. “ 这些孩子不知道：在美国，有的时候你不得不等上三天才能等到一个床位，而且得先交 500美元的首付款才能得到它。” A what the kids in this country dont know 主语 That sometimes you have to .表语，由连词that 引导，且不能省略。,B pay down 首付 e.gIf you move into the house now, you have to pay 5,000 yuan down. 如果你现在搬进这座房子，你得先交5,000元。 e.gThis is only the down payment and you are to pay the rest by the end of the year. 这只是首期付款，余下的要在年底付清。,Para. 16 Page 345,24. Applebaum said the cruelest lie of all is when TV shows a lawyer defending someone innocent of a crime. Applebaum说，最残酷的谎言就是电视节目表现一位律师为一无辜的被告辩护。,A cruel adj 残酷的 此处是最高级形式 B of all 是 of all the lies 的省略形式在最高级中，of 表示比较对象，in 表示比较范围。 E.g. He is the tallest of all his classmates.(比较对象，全班同学） e.gHe is the tallest in his class.(比较范围，在全班）,D innocent of 清白，无辜 e.g.He is proved to be innocent of the charge. 他被证实无罪。 e.gIn fact we were innocent of the crime. 事实上，我们是无辜的 e.gHe was innocent of the crime imputed to him. 对于所加在他身上的罪，他是无辜的。,E. defend v 辩护；保卫；（足球、曲棍球等）防守；进行辩护 e.gHe retained the best lawyer in the state to defend his case. 他为他的案子聘了该州最好的律师。 E.g The company has briefed a top lawyer to defend it. 公司已将案件委托给最好的律师进行辩护。 e.g.Some players are better at defending. 有些运动员较擅长打防卫。 e.gThe union said that they would take action to defend their members jobs. 工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。 e.gHow can you defend the killing of animals for pleasure? 你怎么能为杀死动物取乐的行为辩护呢？,Para. 17 Para. 345,25. “On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. “荧屏上律师夜以继日地查找证据以证明被告无罪。 A spend some time/money (in) doing sth. 花时间/花金钱做某事 B day and night 日日夜夜，夜以继日 C evidence 证据,26. In real life the lawyer says to the defendant, Look, Ive got 20 minutes. 而在现实生活中，律师往往会对被告说：我现在有20分钟的时间 A defendant 被告 B have got= have 前者更加口语化,27.Tell me your story and then Ill plead you guilty and make a deal with the D.A. 。 赶紧把你的情况告诉我，我按你有罪为你辩护，然后与地方检察官做笔交易了事。 A story 指犯罪的情况，罪行,B plead 以为理由；陈述案情；申辩，认罪，辩护 e.gAll the accused plead not guilty.(认罪） 所有刑事被告表示不服罪。 e.g.They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case.(陈述案情） 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈述案情。 e.gThe girl charged with murder was said to be mad and unfit to plead.(申辩） 据说那个被指控谋杀的女孩是疯子，不能为自己申辩。 e.g.Dont give me that. You plead poverty and yet you drive around in a new car. 别期望我会相信那事。你说穷，却还开新车到处跑。(以为理由） e.gYou should get a lawyer to plead for your case. 你该请一位律师为你的案子辩护。,E.g We advise you to plead against the decision. 我们建议你反驳那个决定。 e.gHis mother did her best to plead his case. 他母亲尽力为他的案子辩护。 e.gYou had better get a lawyer to plead your case. 你最好请一位律师为你的案件辩护。 e.gHe tried his best to plead for the defendant . 他尽全力为被告辩护。,C make a deal 做交易 D . D.A. District Attorney t:ni 地方检察官,The defendant might say, But Im innocent. The lawyer would say, So what? I cant afford to find that out. Im not Perry Mason.“ 被告会说：但是我是清白的啊。律师就会说：那又怎么样？我可赔不起时间去给你查清楚。我可不是佩里梅森。” A. So what 那又怎么样，你管的着吗 E.g. So what is the secret? 那么秘诀又是什么呢? E.g So what could we know? 那么，我们能知道些什么呢？ So what is the answer? 那么答案是什么呢？ So what is the problem? 那么，问题是什么呢？,B afford 能承受，能负担 前面常与can/be able to 连用，后面接不定式或者名 词。 E.g. I cant afford to buy a new house. = I cant afford a new house. C find out (通过调查，走访等）找出， D Perry Mason 佩瑞梅森 （Perry Mason） 是贾德纳笔下的侦探，又译派瑞梅森。小说集名叫梅森探案集。佩瑞梅森也被拍成美国电视系列剧。,Para. 18 Page 345 29.“Then what youre saying, Dr. Applebaum, is that it isnt the violence on TV but the unreality that is doing harm to children.“ “那么，Applebaum博士，你的意思不是说电视中的暴力画面给孩子造成了危害，而 是电视里的非真实性对孩子造成了危害？” A. Dr. Applebaum 插在中间，也可以位于句首。 What you are saying 你现在说的事情作主语。,B do harm to 对有伤害 类似的短语 do good to 对有好处 do injury to 对有伤害 C that is doing harm to children.定语从句，修饰前面的unreality (不真实）,Para. 19 Page 345,30. “Exactly. Even the advertisements are harmful. “确实是这样。即使是广告也非常有害。,31. Children are led to believe that when they grow up if they use a certain mouthwash theyll find the mate of their dreams. 孩子们都相信，当他们长大成人之后，如果他们使用某种漱口液，就会找到他们的 梦中伴侣。 A mouthwash 漱口剂， Mouthwash is a liquid that you put in your mouth and then spit out in order to clean your mouth and make your breath smell pleasant. B 此处完全是广告推销骗人的鬼话。孩子们信以为真。所以就经常使用漱口液。,32. When they dont find him or her after washing their mouth all night, they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it.“ 在整夜的刷牙之后，并不能找到她或他，他们就会陷入苦闷之中，其中不少人永远也不能摆脱出来。 A fall into 陷入 C come out of 摆脱,Questions on the text,1. What study did Dr. Applebaum complete recently? Recently he completed a study on the effects of television on children. 2. According to him what is the greatest danger of television? The greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesnt exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.,3. What was the first example he gave to show that TV presented a distorted picture of the world? The first example is that we have never seen a television show where a person in a car doesnt immediately find a parking place on the very first try. 4. It is easy to get a taxi driver in real life, isnt it? What about the situation on the screen? No, it isnt. Whenever a person walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, get me a taxi the taxi immediately arrives.,5. Have you ever told a taxi driver to follow a car? Do a lot of people do so? What do we find on the screen? No, I havent No, they dont On TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. 6. What picture do children get about emergency wards on TV? Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV it shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. There always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it.,7. What lies does TV tell about lawyers? What is the situation like in real life? On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. In real life the lawyer would stay he cant afford to find that time out. 8. Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screen or the unreality? The unreality.,9. Advertisements give a distorted picture of the real world, too, dont they? Can you give an example? Yes, they do. Some advertisements make children believe that when they grow up if they use a certain mouthwash theyll find the mate of their dreams. 10. Do our TV programs have the same problem? No, sometimes they are different./ Yes, but to a lesser degree. 11. In what way are they different from American TV programs? Educational programs for children are different, for they are instructive. 12. Do you think TV is doing more harm than good or more good than harm to children? I think it is doing more good than harm.,课文重点问题P355,第2题. According to him what is the greatest danger of television? In the Unreality of TV, Dr. Applebaum thinks the greatest danger of television lies in that it presents to children a world that doesnt exist and leads them to expect things that never happen. 第7题. What lies does TV tell about lawyers? What is the situation like in real life? On the screen, the lawyer spends endless time looking for evidence to prove his defendant innocent, but in real life a lawyer never works so hard. 第8题. Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screen or the unreality? The unreality is doing more har