新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点六动词的时态和语态.docx

考点六动词的时态和语态限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1As is known to all, the sun _ (rise) in the east and _ (set) in the west day after day答案：rises; sets句意：众所周知，太阳东升西落，日复一日。表示客观事实、客观规律要用一般现在时。2Tom _ (cry) again and again and we cant bear him anymore答案：is crying句意：Tom一直在哭泣，我们再也忍受不了他。进行时与某些副词连用可表示说话人的一种强烈的感情，如厌恶、欣赏、钦佩等。3It has been three years since we _ (come) here答案：came句意：自从我们来到这儿已经三年了。since含有一般过去时的句子/表过去的时间点，主句或句子常用现在完成时。4By the time he was nine, Tom _ (master) a foreign language答案：had mastered句意：到九岁时，汤姆已经精通了一门外语。by the time表示“到的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，如果从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。5It is the first time that I _ (go) abroad答案：have gone句意：这是我第一次出国。“That/This/It is the first/second/third time (that) ”句型中，从句常用现在完成时。6More than one customer _ (express) their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far答案：has expressed句意：到目前为止，不止一个顾客表达了他们对那家餐厅服务的不满。根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时；“more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。7Put your finger into the water If it _ (feel) too hot, pour some cold water in it答案：feels句意：把你的手指放进水里。如果水太热，就往里面倒一些冷水。感官动词feel不使用被动语态，用主动语态表示被动意义。此处描述一般事实，故句子用一般现在时。8Look at the timetable Hurry up! Flight 9031 to Changsha _ (take) off at 7：30答案：takes事物名词作主语时，表示按时间表计划发生的动作，应用一般现在时表示将来。9Did you meet David at the meeting yesterday?Yes When I arrived, he _ (leave)答案：was leaving句意：昨天开会时你遇到戴维了吗？是的，我到那儿时，他正准备离开。根据句意可知，这里应用过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作，故答案为was leaving。10Jim _ (watch) a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank答案：was watching“be doing when ”是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，(这时)突然”；再结合went blank可知，主句应使用过去进行时，故填was watching。11By now 516 Confucius Institutes _ (found) in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters答案：have been founded句意：根据孔子学院总部的统计，到现在为止，全世界142个国家和地区已经建立了516所孔子学院。主语“516 Confucius Institutes”和“found”之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且“By now”作时间状语，句子应用现在完成时。故填have been founded。 12He must have sensed that I _ (look) at him He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”答案：was looking句意：他一定是觉察到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”根据句意及glanced at和said可知，句子应用过去进行时。13Usually Beijing Roast Duck _ (serve) together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce答案：is served句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。说的是一般情况，所以句子用一般现在时；由句意可知，此处用被动语态，主语是Beijing Roast Duck，为第三人称单数。故填is served。14Bob, how is your project? I heard you started it last Friday, right?Oh, I _ (prepare) for it But I havent decided when to do it答案：have been preparing句意：Bob，你的项目怎么样了？我听说你上周五就开始了，是吗？哦！我一直在做准备，但还没有决定好什么时候开始做。根据答语的最后一句及问话中的“started it last Friday”可知，“我”一直在做准备，句子应用现在完成进行时。故填have been preparing。15Never throughout history has a man who _ (live) a life of ease left a name worth remembering答案：lived句意：历史上从来没有人过着安逸的生活而留名青史。此处在叙述过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。 16Face the problem bravely and you _ (find) a new way to success答案：will find句意：勇敢地面对这个问题，你将会发现一个通向成功的新方法。“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构中，陈述句常用一般将来时。 17Various efforts _ (make) in the past decades to protect the environment答案：have been made句意：在过去的几十年里，为保护环境人们做出了各种努力。根据“in the past decades”可知，句子用现在完成时；efforts是句子的主语，为复数形式，和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。18The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they _ (encounter) difficulties答案：encountered句意：指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。由was可知用一般过去时，且encounter是及物动词，故填encountered。19I think Ana _ (finish) her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning答案：has finished句意：安娜自从大清早就开始准备，我想她现在已经收拾好了行李。此处since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，由句意可知主句用现在完成时。 20Youll recognize me when you get out of the station I _ (wear) jeans and a white Tshirt答案：will be wearing句意：你出站的时候，就会认出我来，我将穿一条牛仔裤和一件白T恤衫。由句意可知wear表示的动作发生在将来某一刻，故填will be wearing。21After college, he was employed in teaching in a middle school and _ (work) there ever since答案：has worked句意：大学毕业后，他在一所中学教书，从那以后就一直在那里工作。根据句中的时间状语“ever since(自从，从那时到现在)”可知，本句要用现在完成时。22I had intended to take you to the football match this morning, but I couldnt spare any time, I _ (write) a report答案：was writing句意：今天早上我本打算带你去看足球赛的，但我抽不出任何时间，我在写一份报告。根据“I had intended to take you to the football match this morning, but I couldnt spare any time”可知，此处指那个时间“我”正在写一份报告，故用过去进行时。23They say at the end of your life, you regret the stuff you didnt do more than the stuff that you _ (do)答案：did句意：他们说，在生命即将结束时，相对于做过的事，你会更加后悔那些没有做过的事。根据后面的比较级找到并列结构，即可判断使用did。24I _ (make) up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled答案：had made句意：我已经决定了在研讨会上要说什么，但是，研讨会被取消了。“make up ones mind”这个行为发生在研讨会被取消之前，根据“it was cancelled”可知，研讨会被取消是过去的事情，故该句应用过去完成时。 25Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he _ (come) home right after his work 答案：would come句意：就在一个小时前，他在电话里告诉我，他下班后马上回家。根据句意可知，一小时前他说下班后回家，表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作，要用过去将来时。二、单句改错1How time flies! We will be graduated this June!_答案：be graduatedgraduategraduate “毕业”，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。2We give Mom a warm welcome when she arrives here _答案：We后加will主句使用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。3We brought about 1,000 books and 5, 000 yuan to the school, which donated by the teachers and students in our school _答案：which后加were先行词which指代主句中的1,000 books和5,000 yuan，与donate之间为被动关系，故使用被动语态。4Nevertheless, my later experience proves that practicing calligraphy was both necessary and beneficial _答案：provesproved根据后面的was可知，发生在过去的事情，故将proves改为proved。5After we seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach _答案：we后加were句意：我们坐在桌子旁后，她突然感到胃疼。句中we和seat之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，根据后面的felt可知，从句用一般过去时。6Successful people imagine what their life should be like and sets lots of goals _答案：setssetset与前面的imagine属于并列谓语，应该用一般现在时，且本句的主语是people，故将sets改为set。7It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study because you had always been working hard _答案：hadhave结合前面的“have made such great progress”可知，你已经取得了巨大的进步，说明你一直在努力地学习，并且有可能继续努力学习，故使用现在完成进行时。8My cell phone doesnt work It is repaired at the shop_答案：repaired前加being此处表示手机正在商店里(被)修理，应用现在进行时的被动语态，故用is being repaired。9It is the sixth time that our government raised loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices_答案：raised前加has句意：这是我们的政府第六次有意提高贷款利率来遏制房价。在固定句型“It is 序数词time that ”中，that后的从句应用现在完成时。10Fools will learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools_答案：去掉will题干中所叙述的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。11By the time he realizes he walked into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it_答案：walked前加has句意：在他意识到自己已经走进圈套时，对他来说，已无能为力了。根据句意可知用现在完成时。12Neither the old lady nor her cats stepped out of the house since her husband passed away last month_答案：stepped前加have句意：自从上个月那个老妇人的丈夫去世后，她和她的猫就没有出过屋子。根据就近原则，本句谓语动词应与her cats保持一致，用复数形式；由后面的since从句可知，主句应用现在完成时。13I call the station and they tell me the next train to Dalian will leave at 3：10_答案：will leaveleaves事物名词作主语且表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来。14Stored goods have a fixed price, but how to measure the discount hasnt decided yet_答案：decided前加been主语how to measure the discount与动词decide之间为被动关系，且由yet可知，此处指截止到说话时间为止的动作，故用现在完成时的被动语态。15How can I make sure my feet arent smelt, Dr Li?_答案：arent smeltdont smellsmell “有难闻的气味”，是不及物动词，无被动语态。动词的时态和语态(一)常考的各种时态的主动和被动语态(以do为例)时态种类主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesis/am/are done一般过去时didwas/were done一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be done过去将来时would dowould be done现在进行时is/am/are doingis/am/are being done续表时态种类主动语态被动语态过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成时has/have donehas/have been done过去完成时had donehad been done一、一般现在时1表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态。2表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。3表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。4在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。I usually have my hair cut once a monthThe earth moves around the sunThe train leaves at 2：30 this afternoonYou will succeed if you try your best二、现在进行时1表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2某些短暂性动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, return, begin, leave等用现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。3某些动词的进行时表示逐渐地发生变化的过程。My friend is_waiting_for me outside nowHe is_leaving_for Beijing next weekShe is_losing her eyesight三、现在完成时1表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常用recently, lately, ever, never, once, before, yet, just, so far, since then, up to now, in the last/past few days/years等作状语。2“This/That/It isthe序数词timethat ”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。This_is the second time that I have_visited the university四、现在完成进行时表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作，它具备“未完成性、感情色彩”等特点。I am very tired I have_been_painting the house all the afternoon五、一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去某段时间内反复发生的动作，常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作时间状语。He came to work here two weeks agoYour telephone number again? I didnt quite catch itIts 12345876六、过去完成时1表示在过去某一时间或过去某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 By the end of last term, we had_learned 2,000 words He had_left before I got home2hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本”。We had_expected that you would be able to win the match3“It/This/That wasthe序数词timethat ”句式中，that引导的从句用过去完成时。It_was the second time that she had_visited London4“hardly/scarcely when ”和“no sooner than ”结构中，主句用过去完成时。 Hardly had the game started when it started to rain限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming答案：is根据空白处前面的“cant make”和“says”可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时，故填is。2(2019成都市高中毕业班摸底)I went home, opened the door and _ (walk) into the dark house答案：walked由前面的“went”“opened”可知，此处用动词的过去式。3(2018全国卷)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _ (mean) me no real harm He was just saying：“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”答案：meant结合后面的“was just saying”可知，谓语动词用过去式。4(2018北京高考)Chinas highspeed railways _ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years答案：have grown句意：在过去的几年里，中国高铁的里程已经从9,000公里上升到25,000公里了。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句使用现在完成时。5(2019广东中山一中高三统测)The news came as no surprise to me I _ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down答案：had known句意：这个消息对我来说一点都不惊讶。对于这个工厂将要倒闭，我已经知道一段时间了。根据句意可知，设空处所填动词表示的动作发生在was going to shut down之前，故该句使用过去完成时。 6(2018北京高考)Hi, Im Peter Are you new here? I havent seen you aroundHello, Peter Im Bob I just _ (start) on Monday答案：started句意：你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有见过你。您好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚来的。分析语境，此处说话人谈论过去的事情，即周一才开始的，有具体的过去时间，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。7(2018北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days答案：had been trapped句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个已经被困在大山里两天的游客。分析句子，主句的谓语risked是一般过去时，trap “困”应该是发生在risked之前的动作，故使用过去完成时；同时这些游客是被困在大山里，故使用被动语态。 8(2018天津高考)My washing machine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand答案：is being repaired句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，洗衣机正在修，且washing machine与repair之间为被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 9(2018江苏高考)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry) out in the past two years答案：had been carried句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何被执行的。根据句中时间状语“last month”和“in the past two years”可知用过去完成时，又因plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。10(2019陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底)Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon _ (find) a deeper appreciation for this season答案：found根据last weekend可知本句用一般过去时。11(2017北京高考)_ (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes They are happy with it答案：Did句意：你昨天给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品的看法了吗？打了，他们很满意。根据时间状语yesterday可知，谓语动词要用一般过去时，所以要用助动词do的过去式did。12(2017天津高考)I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road答案：was driving句意：我正在开车前往伦敦的路上，这时突然发现我走错路了。根据句意可知，本句是“be doing when ”句式结构，表示“正在做这时突然”。根据从句中谓语动词found可知，应用过去进行时。13(2017北京高考)People _ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result答案：have句意：相比以前，人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗保健，因此他们更长寿了。根据题干中的than they used to可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。14(2017江苏高考)Hes been informed that he _ (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background答案：doesnt qualify句意：他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。根据语境可知，宾语从句中所陈述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。15(2017天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise答案：is regarded句意：如今，与慢跑和游泳一起，骑自行车被视为最好的、全面的运动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是动宾关系。句子的主语只是cycling，谓语动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。16(2017江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _ (follow)答案：was being followed句意：他匆忙往家赶，从未回头看看是否有人跟着他。由语境可知，he和follow之间存在被动关系，此处表示当时正在被跟踪，从句中主语为he，故填was being followed。17(2017北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ (invent) yet答案：hadnt been invented句意：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家中只有一部电话，而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是动宾关系，且动作发生在had之前，表“过去的过去”，故要用过去完成时的被动语态。18(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters答案：be made句意：真正精美的筷子可能是由金和银制成的，上面带有中国汉字。make和chopsticks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。19(2016四川高考)The giant panda _ (love) by people throughout the world答案：is loved句意：大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语The giant panda和动词love之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。20(2016浙江高考)Silk _ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC答案：had become句意：到大约公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。“by about 100 BC”是时间状语，这里强调到大约公元前100年为止，所以句子应用过去完成时。21(2019浙江杭州模拟)Over the years I _ (teach) kids about a simple but powerful conceptthe ant philosophy 答案：have been teaching句意：多年来，我一直教给孩子们关于一种简单但是强有力的概念蚂蚁哲学。结合前面的时间状语“Over the years”可知，此处表示作者一直从事着的工作，并且有可能继续下去，故句子使用现在完成进行时。22(2018河南中原名校模拟)So many times I _ (experience) that showing kindness in public places spreads like wildfire答案：have experienced句意：很多次我都感受到在公共场合的行善行为会传播很快。根据So many times可知，设空处句子需要用现在完成时，主语为I，故答案为have experienced。23(2018全国卷)Since 2011, the country _ (grow) more corn than rice答案：has grown由since可知，此处应用现在完成时。24(2018北京高考)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _ (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year答案：was working句意：当我去年拜访她的时候，苏珊辞掉了薪资优厚的工作并且正在社区担任志愿者。因为拜访这一动作发生在过去而那时苏珊正在做社区志愿者，故用过去进行时。25(2019福建莆田二十四中调研)In the past 500 years, 45 percent of languages _ (die) out答案：have died根据前面的“in the past时间段”可知，本句使用现在完成时，故填have died。二、单句改错1(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school_答案：arewere根据前后时态一致性和全文描述过去的事情可知，应将are改为were。2(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college, I told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits_答案：told前加was根据语意可知，此处表示“我”被告知，同时结合“was offering”和前面的时间状语“During my second year at the city college”可知，使用一般过去时的被动语态，故told前加was。3(2018全国卷)I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it works_答案：worksworkedand连接的是并列句，结合前面的found可知，使用一般过去时。4(2018北京高考)Anger seems simple when we were feeling it, but the causes of anger are various_答案：wereare根据前面的seems和but分句中的谓语are可知，此处描述现在的情况，故将were改为are。5(2018天津高考)The global population expected to grow to 96 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels_答案：expected前加is预计全球人口在2050年前达到96亿，主语“The global population”是被预计的对象，故使用一般现在时的被动语态；同时population是单数，故expected前加is。6(2018浙江高考)In America the demand for oil had grown by 22 percent since 1990_答案：hadhas根据后面的“since 1990”可知，前面的谓语动词应该使用现在完成时。7(2018江苏