地铁建设与环境保护.ppt

地铁建设与环境保护 Metro Construction & Environmental Protection,前言 INTRODUCTION,地铁建设大多是在建成区进行，对工程周边的环境保护至关重要。 Most jobsites are in urban area, Environmental protection is of utmost importance. 一方面,国内外地铁建设过程中产生的大小事故，时有所闻。 On one side, big or small incidents occurred timely, both home and abroad. 另一方面,大多数地铁建设工程则未对周边环境造成明显的影响。 On the other side, the majority do not have any impact to the environment.,根据本人从事地铁建设之经验,参照国内外的实例,提出如下意见： According to my personal experience in metro construction, taking cases both home and abroad as reference, the following is my point of view： 地铁建设对环境的影响是可控的、事在人为、只要认真对待、可以做到对环境的影响降低到可接受的程度，甚至到不被觉察的地步 The impact to the environment is controllable, we can reduce the impact to an acceptable level, provided we treat it seriously, even to an unnoticeable state,近年来的重大事故 SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS IN RECENT YEARS,2003年上海地铁四号线区间坍塌事故 2003, Shanghai Metro Line 4 Incident 2004年新加坡地铁环线区间坍塌事故 2004, Singapore Circle Line Incident 2006年南京地铁二号线区间坍塌事故 2006, Nanjing Metro Line 2 Incident 2008年杭州地铁一号线车站坍塌事故 2008, Hangzhou Metro Line 1 Incident 高雄捷运区间坍塌事故 Kaohsiung Rapid Transit Incident,Incident of Shanghai Metro Line4 July 1 2003,Incident of Singapore Circle Line 20th April 2004,Incident of Nanjing Metro Line 2,Incident of Hangzhou Metro Line1 12th Nov 2008,Incident of Kao Xiong Metro,国内外成功的实例 FACTS OF LITTLE IMPACT BOTH HOME AND ABROAD,上世纪六十年代上海地铁起步，两台六米直经盾构穿越一座三层混合结构建筑、一条下有各种管线的马路、二幢作为外国领事馆用房的花园洋房。当时因保密关系外人根本不知有地铁在他们脚下施工。到如今，这两幢花园洋房依然完好无损 In late 1960,two semi-blind shields were driven underneath two buildings occupied by the Czech and the Norway Consulate General. This was the first shield tunneling in China。The twin tunnels were driven quietly with no disturbance to these buildings,The Czech Consulate General,The Norway Consulate General,上世纪六十年代,伦敦希斯罗机场在繁忙的跑道下,用气压盾构建造了一条内径十米的货运隧道,隧道复土仅七米,跑道的容许沉降值为十一毫米.施工结果,地层损失率仅为0.25% In 1960s,an 10m i.d. cargo tunnel was driven underneath the busy runway of the Heathrow Air Port, London. The ground cover was 7m, the allowable settlement was specified as 11mm. A compressed air shield machine was used to drive the tunnel. The ground loss was 0.25%. Sir Alan Muir-wood was the designer,东京新宿二条直径十一米的高速道路隧道在既有地下建筑物下和在上有地铁、下有电信及十三号线隧道中穿越，对周围构筑物的干扰甚微 In Sinjuku Tokyo，twin bored road tunnels ,11m in diameter, were driven underneath an underground structure and passed through a space between a cut and cover metro tunnel and an utility tunnel with very little impact to the surroundings,去年上海地铁九号线成功地在距既有的地铁一号线上方83厘米，和在距1.6米直径的下水道仅43厘米的下方穿越 Last year, twin bored tunnels of metro line 9 of Shanghai Metro passed above the existing Metro Line 1 with a clearance only 83 cm and underneath a 1.6m sewerage tunnel with a clearance of 43cm,2.盾构浅覆土穿越地铁1号线隧道及1600雨水管,天平路雨水管剖面图,如何减少对环境的影响 HOW TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT,用明挖法施工的车站 CUT AND COVER STATION BOX,盖挖逆筑较顺筑可减少对环境的影响 Top down construction may decrease the impact as compared with bottom up construction method 增加围护结构的刚度，即增加其截面摸量 Increase the rigidity of the shoring structure 增加、增强支撑体系 Increase and strengthen the strutting 增加被动抗力，即在被动区进行地基改良，更有在被动区预先做刚性支撑 Increase the passive strength, that is ground improvement, even construct a rigid strut prior to excavation 注意各个环节，往往细节决定成败 Take care of every details, sometimes details determine 及时支撑，施加预应力、复加预应力 Apply the struts on time, pre-stress and re-stress it 重视监测，根据监测资讯、及时采取适当措施 Emphasize the monitoring system, prompt measures should be taken,Connection,小,用盾构法施工的区间隧道 RUNNING TUNNEL BY SHIELD METHOD,仔细研究工程地质和水文地质，选用相适应的盾构机 Carefully study the geology and hydrology, select appropriate shield machine 选择何处、那种技术对盾构进行干预。如换刀、换盾尾密封等 Select the right place of intervention and right method to change the cutter bits, tail seals 选择注浆系统及注浆材料及有关参数 Select the proper injection system and grout 选择合理的监测系统，籍以及时修正盾构推进各有关参数，严格掌握最低地层损失率。国外最新进展是采用实时监测系统及时修正各参数，力求做到对环境零影响 Select proper monitoring system, in order to direct the shield drive. Strictly control the value of ground loss. Recently there are techniques abroad, which are striking toward zero impact to the environment by real time monitoring and adjustment,补偿注浆 COMPENSATION GROUTING,补偿注浆.这是一种有别于二次注浆的新理念. 用之于环境保护有特殊需要之处.国内的二次注浆,有时称为跟踪注浆,它在用注浆作为保护环境的辅助措施上是一回事,但在注浆地点和方法上有所区别. Compensation grouting. This is a new idea different with secondary grouting, which is widely used in China. They are both used as an auxiliary measure for environment protection, but differs in the place and the methodology of grouting.,实时监测 REAL TIME MONITORING,地铁建设过程中对周边环境的影响有一个从小到大的发展过程,加以监测是必要的。第三方监测就是我们的眼睛，但在关键时间、关键地段，往往监测间隔太长，不能及时指导施工。近年来出现的实时监测弥补了此缺陷 The environment impact during metro construction experienced from small to big process. Third party monitoring acts as our eye, but during critical time and location, the monitoring frequency is a little too long, cannot guide the construction. Real time monitoring, which appeared recent years covered this kind of defect.,实时监测技术目前在上海常用于对既有隧的沉降监测。它是由铺设于隧道内的电子水准仪来实施的。 Real time monitoring is used in Shanghai to monitor the settlement of existing tunnel。 It is realized by electronic levels fixed in tunnel. 在国外,实时监测技术还应用于沉降监测。它是由全站仪,菱镜,数码相机,电脑组成. Real time monitoring is also used to monitor ground settlement in Western countries. This system is comprised of all station theodolite, prism, digital camera, computer。,Van der Poel et al. (2005),恐,Remote real-time monitoring using image analysis (Take et al, 2005),减振 Vibration Atten