[A5-161]设计类-三坐标测量机带CAD图
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[A5-161]设计类-三坐标测量机带CAD图,A5-161,a5,设计,坐标,测量,丈量,cad
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南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文Study and Design no Automation Control System of the Thermal Power Unit from the System Point of view.（1. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics ,Nanjing 210016 China)（2. Taiyuan University of Technology ,Taiyuan 030024 China)Abstract: From the system point of view, the feature of the thermal power unit and the demand on its control system are analyzed and research in details in this paper. The character that the boils and the steam turbine are a whole of relative independence is fully considered. By coordinate control, the purpose of the optimal whole operating effect of the system is realize adopting the key techniques of communication, computer and intelligent information process etc. The adaptation and whole property of the system is emerged by interaction and coordination between subsystems.1 IntroductionThe system is an organic whole certain structure and function ,which consists of several element with interrelation , interdependence and interplay .The thermal power unit is a typical system ,composed of generator ,steam turbine ,boiler and many anxiliary equipment .Its main function is to produce the power load according to power network requirement .System engineering is the science used to study and design the complex system .In the meantime, It is also the theory and method used to deal with systems in term of definite aim in order to achieve the optimal whole of the system .From the system point of view, the coordinate control system of the thermal power unit has been studied and designed in this paper .2 Study and Design on Automation Control System of the Thermal Power unit from the System Point of View 2.1 Function of Automation Control System of the Power unit At first the thermal power unit as the controlled object is deeply studied before its automation control system is studied and designed .The thermal power unit is a huge group of equipments ,which is composed of generator, ,steam turbine ,boiler and many auxiliary equipments. Its process flow is complex and pipelines intervenient .Especially the large-scale power unit is a typical coupling ,nonlinear ,varying complex controlled object with multi-input and multi-output .Thousands of parameters are measured ,operated and controlled .The character of object is changeful because of many different operating modes and switch relation .With enlarging of industry production scale and the raising of peoples living standard ,the required quantity of power energy is increasing and the difference of apex and vale of power load is increasing .So the new and higher require is put forward for automation control system of the power unit .（1.）Load control :Along with the increase of the unit capacity ,early load control mode of “boiler follows steam turbine ”or “steam turbine follows boiler ” has not already satisfied the requirements so we must adopt more suitable load control scheme ,which is the unit coordinate control .（2.）Reliability: The design of system must be reliable, ensuring safe and economic operation of the unit .In addition, The tolerance fault, redundant technology ,self-diagnosis of software and hardware must be adopted to improve the reliability of system .（3.）Communication and man-machine interface: Because there are many parameters need to be measured and controlled and its varying speed is quick when the large scale unit is running , communication system must have quick real-time response and high reliability ;man-machine interface must be good at the operator station including operating terminal and large-area display that provides synthetic menus and information about the whole production process for the operators. 2.2 Structure of Automation Control system of the power unit The design of automation control system of thermal power unit mainly includes control, alarm monitor, protect etc . In accordance with the above analysis .So we divide the complex system into several subsystems in order to make the whole system optimal .（1.）Data acquisition system(DAS):It is information center of whole system and provides credible rapid objective operating records ,which is the base of safe and economical operating of equipments .Function of ,print of accident list and incident review ,property calculate ,operate guidance etc（2）Boiler control system :Boiler control system such as boiler combustion ,steam temperature ,feedwater ,auxiliary control system and the boiler safe supervisory system and boiler combustion management system. There subsystem coordinate each other and make boiler operate in safe ,efficient and steady state to satisfy the load instruction of power network in various operating modes .（3.）Steam turbine control system :Steam turbine control system realizes load control and rotative velocity control of steam turbine by DEH (Digital Electro-Hydraulic ).In addition ,the auxiliary system of steam turbine include the deoxygenation water lever control ,deoxygenation pressure control ,the condenser hot well water level control and the heater water lever control etc （4.）Auxiliary system :Besides the main systems mentioned above ,the auxiliary system also has by-pass control system etcThe main system and auxiliary system are a organic whole through close connection of information communication network .They are inter-permeable and .Inter-dependent so as to form the main part of the automation control system of the large-scale unit.2.3 Design of Automation Control System of the Thermal Power Unit From the system point of view, we analyze and study the principle of two basic feedback control method early that “boiler follows steam turbine” and “steam turbine follows boiler” in order to find out the existent problem ad be able to design more reasonable control method.2.3.1 Boiler follows steam turbine mode This kind of control mode is first to let steam turbine trail the needs of power network load ,then let boiler trail steam turbine .Its advantage is to be able to fully use the heat accumulation of boiler ,make the unit meet the change of power network load comparatively quickly. But because the inertia and delay of boiler are greater ,the regulation of former turbine pressure pt cannot follow the speed of load regulation, thus pt has greater fluctuation, which is disadvantageous to the steady operation of boiler .The range and speed change of the units output must be restricted .2.3.2. Steam turbine follows boiler mode This kind of control mode is first to let boiler train the needs of power network load, then let steam turbine train boiler .It can be better to maintain steam pressure stabilize and beneficial to boiler steady operation .But it do not fully utilize the heat accumulation f boiler to regulate the units output ,it is more slowly that the unit meets the loads demand ,so this control mode is only to be applied to the unit undertaking basic load .2.3.3 Coordinate control modAccording to the analysis above, it must use the heat accumulation of boiler fully and reasonably when the unit has better adaptability to power network load in safe operation. That is to let former turbine pressure changes, then to coordinate the interaction between two loops of power regulation and pressure regulation reasonably, so that units output meets the needs of the power network load promptly, and guarantee the control demand of unit steady operation. The practical method is to lead into properly feedforward control systems mentioned above and make boiler and steam turbine coordinate each other so that the schemes of various coordinate controls suitable to practical project can be attained, such as: coordinate control system based on“ boiler follows steam turbine” or“ steam turbine follows boiler”。. Basic function of coordinate control system. Coordinate control system of the thermal power unit should usually have following function:(l) select different load instruction according to the unit operating condition and the requirement of power network for the unit.(2) restrict the change rate of load instruction.(3). Calculate the biggest possible output of the unit and restrict the biggest and minimum amplitude of load.(4). Have the function of RUNBACK.(5). Select different running mode according to the unit operating condition.(6). Calculate actual unit output.(7). Let automation control system have enough steady abundant quantity and better wholeness.(8). Have necessary safe measures such as starting by-pass system and preventing steam turbine from exceeding the speed limit etc, when the unit and power network unite suddenly because of accident. Basic composition of coordinate control system of the unit. Now the coordinate control system of the unit is composed of two parts, which are load instruction process and coordinate control of boiler and steam turbine, shown as fig.1. Fig.1 Unit Coordinate Control SystemIn which, load instruction process is composed of unit calculation loop, unit Allowed load calculation loop and load restriction loop. Coordinate and steam turbine controller.. Implementation of coordinate control system of the thermal power unit Modern large-scale thermal power unit adopts distributed control system to realize the unit automation control that guarantees safe economic operation of the unit. TEKEPERM-ME of SIEMENS is chosen to realize coordinate control system of the thermal power unit including several parts shown as Fig.2.Fig 2 Implementation diagram of unit coordinate control systemWhen each subsystem of the unit normally run, start the mode of coordinate control mode. In this mode , steam turbine and boiler accept load instruction in parallel. Boiler maintains main steam pressure through changing combustion rate, and steam turbine pressure and set value. When the deviation of former turbine pressure and set value exceeds certain limit value, open degree instruction of steam value given by steam turbine main control loop is restricted, up to this deviation within the pressure control scope of the boiler.3. Conclusion. In one word, from the system point of view, the automation control system of the thermal power unit is divided into several subsystems as well as the design and implementation of unit coordinate control system is demonstrated in this paper. The large scale unit coordinate control has faster trailing performance and better stability and robustness. The purpose of the optimal whole operation effect of the unit is realized by coordinate the subsystems.Reference1Xiong Shuyan , Wangxingye ,Tianyan .Distributed Control System of thermal power plant ,Scientific Press .Beijing P.R China ,20003 2 Zhong xinyuan .Application of DEB Coordinated Control System in Thermal power plants ,electric power Science And Engineering ,2003(3):50-53.Author Biographies Jianyan Tian , associate professor ,is a Doctoral student in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics .Her research is aimed at intelligent control ,System Engineering and Grey System theory .Lizhen pan is a student for Master Degree in 2002 .Her research is aimed at intelligent control theory and its application.研究与设计没有自动化控制系统从系统的角度对火电机组（1南京航空航天大学，南京210016中国）（2太原理工大学，太原030024中国）摘要：从系统的角度，对火电机组，并在其控制系统的需求特点进行了分析和研究在文中详细介绍。在沸腾的字符和蒸汽涡轮机是一种相对独立整体充分考虑。通过坐标控制，该系统的最优整体运行效果的目的，是实现采用通信，计算机和智能信息处理等关键技术.该系统的适应和整体物业应运而生子系统之间的相互作用和协调。1简介该系统是一个有机的整体一定的结构和功能，这与相互联系，相互依存和相互几个元素组成。火电机组是一个典型的系统，发电机，汽轮机，锅炉，许多anxiliary设备组成。它的主要功能是根据生产的电力负荷对电网的要求。系统工程来研究和设计复杂系统的科学。与此同时，这也是理论和方法用于明确的目标，在长期的系统的处理，以达到优化整个系统从系统的角度的。，坐标控制火电机组系统进行了研究，本文设计。2研究与设计自动化控制系统的火电机组从系统的角度2.1自动化控制系统功能的功率单元起初，火电机组的控制对象是在深入研究其自动化控制系统进行了研究和设计。火电机组是一组庞大的设备，这是发电机，汽轮机，锅炉，许多辅助设备组成。其工艺流程复杂，管道的干预。特别是大型动力装置是一个典型的耦合，非线性，变复杂的多输入多输出。成千上万被控对象的参数的测量，操作和控制。性格的对象是因为许多不同的操作模式和开关的关系多变。凭借多年的行业生产规模和人民生活水平，电力能源需要的数量正在增加提高和顶点，电力负荷低谷差别扩大正在增加。因此，新的并提出了更高的要求为动力装置自动化控制系统。（1） 负荷控制：随着机组容量的增加，早期负荷控制模式“如下汽轮机锅炉“或“蒸汽锅炉涡轮如下：“还没有满足的要求，所以我们必须采取更合适的负荷控制方案，这是单位协调控制。（2） 可靠性：系统设计必须是可靠的，确保安全和经济单元操作此外，公差故障，冗余技术，自诊断软件和硬件必须通过提高系统的可靠性。（3） 通信和人机接口：由于有许多参数需要测量和控制，其变化速度快，当大型机组正在运行，通信系统必须具有快速的实时响应和高可靠性，人机接口必须在操作员站包括操作终端和大面积显示屏，能够提供综合的菜单和有关的营办商的整个生产过程信息的好。2.2结构的自动化控制系统的动力装置对火电机组自动化控制系统的设计主要包括控制，报警监控，保护等。与上述分析相吻合。因此，我们分成几个子系统的复杂系统，以便使整个系统的优化。（1） 数据采集系统（DAS）：。这是整个信息系统的中心目标，并提供快速可靠的运行记录，这是设备的安全运行和经济基础的作用，事故和事故征候的审查清单打印，物业计算，操作指导等等.（2） 锅炉控制系统：如锅炉燃烧锅炉，蒸汽温度，给水，辅助控制系统和锅炉的安全监控系统和锅炉燃烧管理系统控制系统。有子系统相互协调，使锅炉运行在安全，高效，稳定的状态，以满足各种运行模式的电网负荷指令。（3） 汽轮机控制系统：控制系统实现了汽轮机负荷控制和DEH系统的蒸汽涡轮机（数字电液）转速控制此外，汽轮机辅助系统包括除氧水位控制，除氧压力控制，冷凝器。热井水位控制和加热器水位控制等（4） 辅助系统：除上述主要系统，辅助系统还具有旁路控制系统等. 主系统和辅助系统是通过信息通信网络紧密联系的有机整体。它们是互相渗透和。相互依存的，从而形成了大型机组自动化控制系统的主要组成部分。2.3设计自动化的火电机组控制系统从系统的角度，分析和研究反馈控制的两种基本方法的原理早，“锅炉如下汽轮机“和”汽轮机如下锅炉“，以找出存在的问题，广告能够设计出更合理的控制方法。2.3.1锅炉蒸汽涡轮机模式如下这
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