2019_20学年高中英语Unit3ScienceversusnaturePeriodFiveGrammar—Verb_edform课件.pptx

,Unit 3,Science and nature,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Five GrammarVerb-ed form,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题,语法感知,以上句中，句1、句2的过去分词(短语)作 ；句3的过去分词(短语)作 ；句4的过去分词(短语)作 ；句5中的过去分词在句中作 。,查看答案,定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,一、动词过去分词的构成和意义 1.动词-ed形式的构成 动词-ed形式通常是由动词后加“-ed”构成的，少数动词的-ed形式有不规则变化形式。 注意：动词-ed形式无时态和语态的变化。,语法精析,2.动词-ed形式的意义 及物动词的-ed形式既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成，不表被动。 The books，written by Lu Xun，are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。(表被动和完成) Once recovered，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. 他一康复就投身到他的工作中去，并且尽一切努力把它做好。(只表完成),二、动词过去分词的语法功能 1.作定语 动词-ed形式作定语，表示动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。动词-ed形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被其所修饰的名词。及物动词的-ed形式作定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系；不及物动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作的完成。 Dolly the sheep is the worlds first cloned mammal. 多利羊是世界上第一个被克隆的哺乳动物。 We should drink boiled water. 我们应该喝开水。,A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 启动于1989年的一个水土保持项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。 The carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by cars. 我们呼吸产生的碳远远少于汽车产生的碳。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground. 在地上有一些落叶。(不及物动词fall的-ed形式fallen不表示被动，只表示动作的完成),学法点拨 单个的动词-ed形式作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。 Because of pollution，the caught fish were not fit to eat. 由于污染，捕到的鱼不适宜吃。,2.作表语 动词-ed形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。动词-ed形式作表语时，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的动词-ed形式相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。 The glass is broken. 玻璃杯碎了。 Our classroom is crowded. 我们的教室很拥挤。 The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。,学法点拨 表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些动词-ed形式(surprised，disappointed，delighted，excited，pleased)及其他一些动词-ed形式(dressed，drunk，devoted，lost，known，married，bent，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。 I was excited to hear our team had won. 我听到我们队已经获胜的消息后感到很兴奋。 He is dead drunk. 他喝得烂醉。,误区警示 被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by动作的执行者”。 The new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors. 这些新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。 A great number of trees were planted by volunteers to stop the wind from blowing the soil away. 为了阻止风把泥土吹走，志愿者们栽种了大量的树。,3.作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。 The villagers had many trees planted then. 村民们那时种了很多树。 In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. 早上人们一醒来就发现屋外的世界完全变了样。,学法点拨 能用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下三类： make，get，have，keep等使役动词。此类动词使用最广泛。 We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow. 因为我们明天做实验想用这台机器，所以我们需要立即找人把它修好。 The thief kept his money hidden in his shoes. 那个小偷把钱藏在鞋子里。,see，hear，feel等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 The mother cant stand seeing her baby left alone at home. 母亲不能忍受她的孩子被独自一人留在家里。 like，want，wish，order等表示希望、愿望、命令等意义的动词。 The manager doesnt like such questions discussed at the meeting. 经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。,链接 with复合结构，即“with复合宾语”结构，它是由“with宾语(名词或代词)非谓语动词(分词、动词不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”构成的一种结构。当宾语补足语是动词-ed形式时，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。with复合结构通常在句子中作状语，也可以作定语，修饰前面的名词。 With all the work done，we went to play basketball. 所有的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。 The fellow stood there with his hands crossed. 那个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。,The farmers have a good harvest with all the crops got in. 庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。 With a lot of work to do，she doesnt have time to go to the cinema. 有很多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。 With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the exam. 有这位优秀的老师教我们英语，我们没有困难通过考试。 Do you know the man with a book in his hand? 你认识手里拿着一本书的那个人吗？ Throw away the container with its cover sealed. 把封着盖子的那个容器扔掉。,4.作状语 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等。 作时间状语 Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball. 从月球上看，被水覆盖了大约70%表面的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。,作原因状语 Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room. 因为那个女孩被晚上的电闪雷鸣吓坏了，所以她不敢独自在她的房间里睡觉。 作条件状语 Given a chance，I would prove myself. 给我一个机会，我会证明自己。 作伴随状语 The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. 那个男孩坐在桌旁埋头做作业。,链接 独立主格结构：当动词-ed形式作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是动词-ed形式的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ed形式实际上属于独立主格结构。 The signal given，the bus started.信号一发出，公共汽车就开动了。(the signal是give的逻辑主语，句子主语the bus不是give的逻辑主语) Her head held high，she went by.她把头昂得高高地走了过去。(her head是hold的逻辑主语，句子主语she不是hold的逻辑主语),三、动词-ed形式与从句的转换 1.动词-ed形式作时间状语可以转换成时间状语从句 When given a medical examination(When you are given a medical examination)，you should keep calm. 当你做体检时，你应该保持镇定。 2.动词-ed形式作原因状语可以转换成原因状语从句 Depressed(Since he was depressed)，he went to see his elder sister. 他感到沮丧，就去找他姐姐了。 3.动词-ed形式作条件状语可以转换成条件状语从句 Grown in rich soil(If they are grown in rich soil)，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。,误区警示 动词-ed形式作伴随状语可以转换成并列谓语或并列句。 They came in，followed by some children.(They came in and were followed by some children. They came in and they were followed by some children.) 他们进来了，后面跟着一些孩子。,四、过去分词与现在分词的区别,1.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph . (2018天津，7) A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take 解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。,高考链接,答案,解析,2.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018北京，10) A.used B.to use C.using D.use 解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该选A项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。,答案,解析,3.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent 解析 句意为：吉姆已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。逻辑主语time和spend之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。,答案,解析,4.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.(2016江苏，28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden 解析 句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。,答案,解析,5. in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015重庆，6) A.Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D.To raise 解析 句意为：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除B、D两项； A项是现在分词的被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。,答案,解析,6.Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015陕西，18) A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken 解析 句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后他很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，且his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。,答案,解析,7.Video games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands. (2015湖南，24) A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left 解析 句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left.是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。,答案,解析,8.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort. (2014四川，5) A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop 解析 此题考查的是非谓语动词作感官动词see的宾语补足语。develop与products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。句意为：在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。,答案,解析,9.Clearly and thoughtfully ，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2014天津，7) A.writing B.to write C.written D.being written 解析 句意为：这本书写作思路清晰且富有思想，在那些希望寻求自己答案的学生中激发了信心。write与其逻辑主语the book存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。,答案,解析,10.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems.(2014重庆，5) A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned 解析 句意为：厂商定期回收因质量问题而被退回到我们店里的相机。camera与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。故选B项。,答案,解析,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.The museum， _(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters. 2.In 2011，a film，Soul Surfer，_(base) on her experiences，was released and made a hit immediately. 3.The cart got _(stick) in the mud，but the farmer made no effort to get it out. 4.He is now talking with his mother， _(try) to persuade her to allow him to go out. 5.My sister is now working in an international corporation，_(know) as 3M. 6.The old man lay _(trap) under the building ruins for quite a long time.,located,based,stuck,trying,known,.用所给动词的正确形式填空,查看答案,trapped,7.With great efforts _(focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing. 8.Yesterday a _(retire) scientist gave us a lecture，who is now in his seventies. 9.He was _(discourage) when he heard his mothers words. 10.The cars _(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.,focused,retired,discouraged,查看答案,being sold,11.Before driving into the city，you are required to _. 在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。 12.Children，_，are allowed to enter the stadium. 孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。 13.Trump Tower，_ the headquarters for The Trump Organization，is a 58story skyscraper _ Midtown Manhattan. 川普大楼，作为川普集团的总部，是一栋位于曼哈顿市中