高中英语单项选择解题技巧 课件.ppt

Tongue twister I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I wont wish the wish you wish to wish.,Techniques Used in Multiple Choice,单 项 填 空 题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,解题要素,命题要点,Multiple choice characteristics,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广 语境地位突出 交际性原则明确 试题题干新颖 迷惑性较大 灵活性较高,Multiple choice checkpoints,单项填空的命题要点,情景交际 动词短语 句子结构 介词搭配 连词、代词 形容词、副词 情态动词 动词语态 动词时态 非谓语动词,Essential Factors in Doing Multiple Choice,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,单项填空的解题要素,一、分析句子结构 句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。,句子传递的是一个完整的意思,一个完整的意思通常包括四个部分： 主题 内容 内容修正 词义限定,主语,谓语群,状语,定语,Li Ping is studying in the new classroom.,复杂句子解读的一般规律是,谓语,She,saw,宾语,that her boss, Mr. Foss， was dead on the floor.,When Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning,，who works in a big company，,主语,状语,定语,找到主句及其谓语。,主句是复杂句中 不带连接词的句子,When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,主题（主语）The old English teacher,内容（谓语）will give us a talk,内容修正（状语）when he is free next week,词义限定1（定语） who retired ten years ago-The old English teacher,词义限定2（定语） on how to study English well-A talk,The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.,分析句子结构的一般规律是 1）找到主语确定信息主题 2）找到谓语确定信息内容 3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件 4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义 解读复杂句子的一般规律是 1）解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语,主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。,二、注重意群理解group meaning 意群在英语交际中表达一个词组 一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。,I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I wont wish the wish you wish to wish.,各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不 能 把它们分割开来。如：,1.Jenny is pleasant to _ . A. say B. speak C. talk D. talk to,D,2.Occasions are quite rare_ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (08山东） A. Who B. which C. why D. when,D,3. - Whom would you rather _with you, Mary or June? - _. A. go, Neither B. have go, Either C. have gone, Either D. have to go , Both,B,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,Remember,Strategies Used in Multiple Choice,解题策略：,把握语境信息,Strategy One,把握语境 题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。,1. Her shoes _ her dress; they look very well together. (08天津卷) A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:,1. （原题） Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II） （改编） Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,c,A,2. （原题） -Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ? - _way as you please. (2004 福建) （改编） -Which of the two ways shall I take to the village ? - _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either,D,C,以语境为切入点,认真思考。不放过 任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、 关键词。,解题诀窍,还原或化简句子,Strategy Two,还原或化简句子 题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。,如：1.Whom would you rather have _with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going,分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.,还原为：you would rather have whom _ with you.,一、将疑问句改成陈述句,1.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learns,We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,2.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented.,People generally considered Charles Babbage _the first computer.,C,二、改被动句为主动句,1. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair,还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A what reasonable B How a reasonable C How reasonable D What a reasonable,What little Tom said to his mother sounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,四、 感叹句还原为陈述句,That was we had in London 3 years ago! A wonderful time B a wonderful time C wonderful D wonderfully,可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,(that),五、 固定短语还原,六、 补充省略成分,1. -What made you so happy ? -_. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.,(made me so happy),3. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not,If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.,1. He believes in himself，_ ， in my opinion, is of the most importance Athat Bwhich Cwhat DAs 2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those works Ais Bare Cam Dwere,( ),B,七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等,A,(,),将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等 还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插 入语等多余的部分删除。,解题决窍,克服思维定势,Strategy Three,克服思维定势 利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。 例如：,解析容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选A，忽视了waiting for这一部分。正确答案应是D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语，“（我）被锁在你的房间里等侯”。,1. I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. locking B. in locking C. being locked D. locked,2. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed,解析易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。,正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。 在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、 重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避 免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,熟悉英语文化,克服母语干扰,Strategy Four,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不 同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,克服母语干扰,注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,1. -Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going now. (2004全国） -OK. _ A.Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C.Stay longer. D. See you.,2.-I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.(2008重庆卷) -_. A. Dont afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time,Ill come to see you if _. A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you,He wants to move house, because he hates the _ here. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics,3. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是 if you are convenient吗?,4.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗?,留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较 多归纳，用英语思维，避免Chinglish。,解题诀窍：,注重标点符号和连词提示,Strategy Five,标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。,标点符号，连词,Tom has many friends; _ c