高一英语教学课件--名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句的定义,在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句子中所起的语法作用，这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类,1. She wondered if the buses would still be running. 2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 3. When we will start is not clear. 4. I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,引导名词性从句的引导词可分为以下三类。 1.连接词that,whether,if （不充当从句的 任何成分）和as if （只用于表词从句） 2.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.不仅起到连 接一个句子的作用，同时也作从句的一个 成分。 3.连接副词：when, where, how, why既 起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语,主语从句,主语从句可以直接放在句首； That he is the best student in the class is obvious It is great that I have a teacher like you. 当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,常见的用it作形式主语的复合句构 1）It is + 名词+ that 从句 It is a fact (a shame, a pity, no wonder, good news, ) that 2）It is + 形容词+ that 从句 It is necessary (strange, important, possible, likely, ) that (虚拟) 3） It is+过去分词+that 从句 It is said (reported, decided, ) +that 从句 4）It+不及物动词+ that 从句It seems (happened, doesnt matter,turned out,)that,Can you understand them? 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/ doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honor/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that,Practice time:用形式主语it转换下列名词性从句,1.Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 2. That we cant go is a pity .,It is not clear who broke the glass yesterday .,It is a pity that we cant go.,宾语从句,宾语从句的作用相当于一个名词，它可作及物动词、某些形容词和某些介词的宾语。 1、 He said (that) he would call on his old teacher. 作动词宾语 2、He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. 作介词的宾语,3、 I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.用作某些形容词的宾语 这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。, 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使 用形式宾语it，而将从句放在补足语后面. 这种句型的动词有think, make, feel, find, consider. 1.We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. 2.The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running. It作形式代词真能干，可把不定式 动名词或从句来代办，而让它们后面站！,巧记,三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.as if ,as though 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句.,比较下列两句话： That was because he fell ill. This is why we put off the meeting. The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.,It/this/that is because (原因) It/this/that is why(结果) The reason for is that ,why is that ,Practice 用表语从句中的that, because和why填空 The reason why she was late was _ he didnt catch the bus. She was late. Thats _ she didnt catch the bus. She didnt catch the bus. Thats _ she was late.,that,because,why,同位语从句,同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些被说明被解释的名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, word,fear等。,(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) I had no idea at all what I should do next. (3)我们都知道地球围着太阳转这个事实。,We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.,同位语从句PK定语从句,同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限制，而同位语从句是为了说明中心词的具体内容；that在定语从句中充当成分，为关系代词，而在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅起连词作用。引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。如：,同位语从句PK定语从句,1.We heard the news that our team had won the game. （同位语从句） 2.The news that you told us yesterday was really disappointing. （定语从句）,试加法/成分法,技巧,1.The news was that our team had won the game. 2.The news was that you told us.,Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.,同位语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,以上是名词性从句例题解析，下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,一 名词性从句的语序、 单复数 、 时态,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。宾语从句的时态必须与主句保持一致。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。 (1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when well complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,语序问题 与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. he was how excited D. how excited he was,3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,Practice time.单句改错,. 1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all. 2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. 3.He said that he is writing a story. 4.Could you tell me when will he arrive? 5.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_ is,_ hasnt,_ was,_ he will,_ English has,二 What 与 that的辨用,在句词性从句中，what和that都可作引导词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：,(1) What you have done might do harm to others. (2) What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)I think (that) you will like the stamps. 试试看：As his best friend,I can make accurate guesses about_he will do or think. A.what B.which C.whom D.that,A,三 whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g . 与or not放在一起使用时，一般用whether，不用if。,用 if / whether填空 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,用 if / whether填空,5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,四 that的省略（1）,1 I dont think that she is coming. 2 I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. 3 He told me that his parents had died in the accident and that he had to make a living all by himself.,that的省略（2）,4 That he is top in his class makes his parents very happy. 5 The reason is that he is careless. 6 The news that our basketball team won the match made us excited.,That的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可以省略；但用it作形式宾语的宾语从句、并列宾语从句中第二个及以后宾语从句中的that不可以省略。 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的that一般不可以省略。,总结,1 名词性从句的定义 2 名词性从句的引导词 3 主语从句 （ it作形式主语） 4 宾语从句 （ it作形式宾语） 5 表语从句 6 同位语从（同位语从句与定语从句） 7 名词性从句的语序、 单复数 、时态 8 What 与 that的辨用 9 whether与if的辨用 10 that的省略,练习题： 1、My hometown is no longer_it used to be.（ ） A、that B、what C、when D which 2 、 _ he is living now is not known to anybody.（ ） A、When B、If C、Whether D、Why,B,C,3、Word came _ I was invited to attend the meeting.（ ） A、which B、when C、where D、that 4、He told me _ there.（ ） A、that has been happened B、that happened C、what had happened D、what had been happened,C,D,5、_ the scientist who gave us a talk will go abroad.（ ） A、It said that B、It says when C、It is said that D、He is said 6、_ I cant understand is _ he changed his mind.（ ） A、That; that B、What; why C、Which; how D、That; why,C,B,7. 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