新目标英语八年级上册知识点和练习整理.doc

_Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重点单词：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, few, most, something, nothing, everyone, myself, yourself, hen, pig, seem, bored, someone, diary, activity, decide, try, bird, bicycle, building, trader, wonder, difference, top, wait, umbrella, wet, below, enough, hungry, as, duck, hill二、重点短语：Quite a few, of course, feel like, because of, go on vacation, visit museum, go to summer camp, go to the beach, anywhere interesting, go out with sb., study for tests, stay at home, go shopping, seem to be, decide to do sth., ride bicycles, enough money, the top of the hill三、重点句型：1. -Where did you go on vacation? -I went to New York City.2. Did you go out with anyone?3. -How was the food? -Everything tasted really good!4. Still no one seemed to be bored.5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.四、功能：1. talk about past events五、语法：1. 不定代词2. 一般过去时六、重要考点：1. 复合不定代词的用法：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后。如： something special3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。2. 提建议的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。4. nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 5. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. wonder (n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪！ (v) 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth. 感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.8. few与little 的区别： 肯定否定quite a few buildings许多 可数a fewfewnot a little hungryquite a few/not a few不可数a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little9. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 1） seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you. seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像.）；smell（闻起来）；sound（听起来）；taste（尝起来）；. 2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人； boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising10. decide（v）决定 decide to do sth. - decide not to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事11. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 短语 I had to move because of my job. because +句子 如：I do it because I like it. 2）below意为“在.下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上面；高于”12. 形容词/副词enough 如：wet/quietly enough enough enough 名词如：enough umbrellas (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。 同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能)如此以至于13. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.14. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).15What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！make a difference in：对有影响感叹句的结构 1. What (a/an) + adj.+ n+主+谓！2. How+ adj./adj.+主+谓!七、单元练习：1. She _Beijing last night.A.arrvied in B.got C.reaches D.arrived2._ ready now, lets begin. A.Everything is B.Something are C.Nothing are D.Anything is3.I _ life was like here in the past. A.wonder that B.know when C.wonder what D.decide why4._weather it was! A.What nice B.How a nice C.How nice D.What a nice5. Another two hours _not enough. A.is B.are C.will are D.were6. Im free now, I have _ （无事）to do .7. Is _（某人）going with you ?8. I can finish it by _ (我). X Kb 1.C om9. Children, please help _to the fish（随便吃）.10. It _（似乎）that it is going to rain.11. The _（无聊的）book makes me _（无聊的）12. He decided _(try) it.13. I tried my best _(work) it out.14. He is _ _(等候) a bus.15. I need _ _(一把雨伞)_ _(因为) the heavy rain.16. I have _ _(足够的时间). 17. I am not _ _(足够的老).18. Did you go _ _(有趣的某个地方)？19. I _ a gift _my mother yesterday (给买).20. When its hot,I feel like _(游泳) in the pool.21. He teaches _(I) English.22. Why not _(try) to go by boat?23. I kept _(写) this story.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、重点单词：Housework, hardly, ever, once, twice, full, Internet, program, swing, maybe, least, junk, coffee, percent, online, health, television, although, through, mind, body, such, together, die, writer, dentist, less, none, magazine, however, than, almost, point, result二、重点短语：How often, hardly ever, at least, swing dance, junk food, how many, such as, less than, fifteen percent, go online, be good for, more than, watch TV, use the Internet, a lot of good habits, go to the dentist三、重点句型：1. -What did you usually do on weekend? -I always exercise.2. They often help with housework.3. -How often does he watch TV? -He hardly ever watches TV.4. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.5. She says its good for my health.6. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.四、功能：1. talk about how often you do things五、语法：1. 频度副词的用法六、重要考点：1. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间hard (2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；勤奋的 a hard writer 努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard 3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week every 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)4）由how构成的疑问词组的用法“多少”（1） howmany+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programshowmuch+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：Howmucharethosepants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等(3) how old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon will he come back？ In an hour。3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜（to do sth.） “免费的”： work for free. full6. “满的；饱的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 “忙的”=busy He had a full life 7She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at （doing sth.）：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.（3）be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.8go online = use the Internet ：上网 9. more than=over “超过” 10. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康11. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 12. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。13. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外 (v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事 be surprised that + 从句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.14. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。15. maybe (adv): 也许，大概，放于句首或句中 may + be：也许是，大概是，放于句中 如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 16. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. by: He learns English by singing English songs.通过 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home. through 通过 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise （从里面）穿过： Climb through the window. 注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.例如17. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game. for example + 句子： 如：Its healthy for the mind and the body.18. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish-遗言19. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan.七、单元练习：1._do you go to Shanghai? A.How many times B. How often C,How long D.How soon2. _this book carefully and you can get a lot. A. Reading B.Read C.Readed D.To read3.There is _salt in the fridge, I will buy some. A.little B.few C.a few. D.a little4. I am going to study _. A.hardly B.hard C.hardly ever D.harding5. _do you watch TV? -Twice a week A.How many B.How long C.How far D.How often6. He _ten years old. A.may B.maybe C.may be D.might7. _they were hard-working,_they didnt get good grades. A. Although, / B.Though, but C.though, / D.Although, but8. He is _a clever girl _she can work out this math problem. A.so, that B.such, that C.too, to D.enough, to9.The _dog was _on the floor, at last it _. A.dying, die, died B.died, die, dying C.dying, dying, died D.death, dying, die10. _ of the students _here. A.None,is B.No one,are C.Nothing,are D.None,are11._of my parents _teachers. http:/w ww.xk A.All,are B.Both,is C.Both, are DNone,are12. I will have _holiday. A.three weeks B.three-weeks C.three weeks D.three-week13. -Next week I am _ _(相当满) for me. -Really? _? A. How about; B. How come; C.How often D.How many14. My mother _me _.A. hopes, to drink B.wants, drink C.except, to drink D.wants, to drink15. Fifteen percent of the information _true and twenty percent of the medicine _fake.16.Its good to relax by _(使用) the Internet.17. He went Shanghai, _(但是), I stayed at home.18. Keeping _is good for our _(健康).19. I have _(曾经) been to Wuhan, I went there _(两次).20. What do you usually do _ _(在周末)？Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister一、重点单词：Outgoing, better, loudly, quietly, hard-working, competition, fantastic, which, clearly, win, talented, truly, care, serious, mirror, kid, necessary, both, though, grade, should, saying, reach, hand, touch, heart, fact, break, arm, laugh, share, loud, similar, primary, information二、重点短语：Which one, care about, primary school, as long as, the same as, bring out, in fact, make sb. laugh, be similar to, have fun, get better grades, share everything三、重点句型：1. -Is Tom smarter than Sam? -No, he isnt.2. Are you as friendly as your sister?3. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.四、功能：1. talk about personal traits2. compare people五、语法：1. 形容词和副词的比较级及相关句型2. both和asas的用法六、重要考点：同级比较 1 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “如同一样” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “不如一样”2. 形容词和副词的比较级（1）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best（2）比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。（3）加more/most 的情况：.部分双音节和多音节词；.-ed/ing结尾的词；adj+lyadv.（4）双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad（5）主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) （6）比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly.（7）the比较级, the比较级；越就越The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.（9）“Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?（10）the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较的一个；如： Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .（11）常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词。如： The book here is newer than the one on the desk The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.（12）比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。如： I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one.（13）比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用. 3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。 讲述： tell a story/lie/joke. 1). tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins? 2).though意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。 However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win4. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.5. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质. 使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质. 6. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). (n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care. 1). care 介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after be there 喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? 2). for sb. 随叫随到；不离左右 如：Parents are always there for children. to do sth. 随时准备帮助 如：She is there to work out the problem. 7. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果8They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后） You are both too young. They both speak English.both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。 bothand两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上） 9. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 到达： reach /arrive at /get to the school reach 伸手去拿： reach ( out ones hand) for sth. 与取得联系：How can I reach you? 延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。 (v) 接触；触摸：Dont touch the paint!