基于51单片机的停车场自动寻位导航系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip
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基于51单片机的停车场自动寻位导航系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip,自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书,的停车场自动寻位导航系统,翻译论文开题报告
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过毕业设计，使学生受到电气工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 1.通过红外对管来进行车位检测，检测距离小于3厘米，总共八个车位，当该车位上没有汽车时，对应的车位指示灯亮，表示车位空，灯灭表示该车位上有汽车，即车位被占；使用一位数码管统计车位数量情况，显示数字08；当车位已满（8）时，进入车位告警模式，继电器发出间断报警声；导航系统：车位分三路分布，共左中右三种状态，显示优先级分别是左中右，通过一个数码管的显示来显示什么路可以停车。2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序，包括详细的硬件设备配置，系统连接，程序调试等详细步骤；3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档，包括各类技术资料，电路图纸，程序等；4.系统要有实际的硬件展示，并能够通电运行；5.能够完成各项任务，参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文），能详细说明设计步骤和思路；2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.要求停车场自动寻位控制系统能在实验室现有的设备基础上调试成功，并在答辩时完成实际系统展示。4主要参考文献： 1章亚南,冯俊文.城市泊车问题与对策研究J.经济问题,2005,11:21-232刘立国,程继夏.汽车保有量与国民经济GDP及相关产业关系J.长安大学学报(社会科学版),2005,03:35-383姜杰,禹亮.城市停车诱导系统及其实现研究J.交通标准化,2008,04:58-60 4吴承先,祁鑫.浅议我国城市停车产业发展J.天津经济,2008,02:59-605何江,李圣权,李先会,柳青,蒋利.杭州市停车诱导系统应用设计与实现J.计算机时代,2013,07:81-846周嗣恩,韩凤春.智能化停车场管理体系研宄J.中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版).2008,01:86-907徐国华,孔蕙,李赔斌,樊炳辉,初永莉.超声波测距系统的设计与实现J.电子技术应用,1995,12:6-7.8苏炜,袭壁建,潘笑.超声波测距误差分析J.传感器技术,2004,06:8-119 吴晓君,扬向明.电气控制与可编程控制器应用M.北京:中国建材工业出版社，200410汪晓光，孙晓瑛.可编程控制器原理及应用M.北京:机械工业出版社,200411殷洪义.可编程序控制器选择设计与维护M.北京:机械工业出版社,200412侯玉宝.基于Proteus的51系列单片机设计与仿真M.北京：电子工业出版社，2008.13张毅刚，彭喜元.单片机原理及接口技术M.北京：人民邮电出版社，2008.14曾光宇.现代传感器技术与应用基础M.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2001.15赵亮.液晶显示模块LCD1602应用J.电子制作，2011（7）：89-91.毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：起 讫 日 期工 作 内 容2015.11.102015.12.13调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导，拟题、选题、填写任务书。2015.12.152015.12.31学生查看任务书，为毕业设计的顺利完成，进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。12月21日两个系提交专业选题分析总结（撰写要求详见对内通知中附件2）2016.01.092016.04.05学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作；拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲；撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲； 在2016年4月5日前学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲，作为中期检查的依据。指导教师指导、审阅，定稿由指导教师给出评语，对论文主要工作未通过的学生下发整改通知。2016.04.062016.04.10提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅；各专业组织中期检查（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。2016.04.112016.05.10进行毕业设计文档撰写；2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016年5月9日-13日，指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计（论文）管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅，包括打分和评语。5月1日前，做好答辩安排，通知学生回校进行答辨2016.05.142016.05.15查看答辩安排，毕业设计（论文）小组答辩2016.05.162016.05.29对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入2016.05.302016.06.07根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。2016.06.072016.06.30各系提交本届毕业设计（论文）的工作书面总结及相关材料。所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 一 论文研究的背景，意义和目的 近年来，随着经济建设的快速发展，汽车带给人们快乐的同时也带来了越来越突出的难题：城市交通问题日益严重，停车问题接踵而至，一个不到10平方米的停车位，牵动着社会的“神经”，停车场车位不足的问题越来越突出。目前，有偿使用停车场是这个问题最为有效的解决方式，这就使得停车场管理的重要性越来越受到重视。然而目前的大部分停车场管理系统都是采取人工判别车型、人工收费、人工放行以及人工引导车辆入库等比较传统的管理模式，这在很大程度上制约着城市的发展。 在如今农业、工业、生活、军事等各个方面都向自动化、智能化、数字化发展。为了适应时代的发展，电子技术发展迅猛。自动化、智能化、数字化的实现方式多种多样，从而产生了很多设计工具。单片机就是其中之一，它正朝着高性能和多品种方向发展，卓越的性价比受到设计者的欢迎。将落后的人力停车管理用高科技化的自动停车管理系统所取代，高度自动化的停车场管理系统节省了大量时间和人力物资消耗，大大提高了效率。 二 国内外研究的概况以及发展的趋势 随着汽车各行各业的发展停车问题不管在国内还是在国外都有着很大的问题，目前国内停车场系统生产企业有400多家，其中国产停车场系统产品约占市场份额的80%左右，国外停车场系统市场占20%。而在欧美地区，据了解，欧洲一些国家的停车产业发展已有50年的历史，并已达到一种良性循环和有序发展。停车产业也已成为年产值数十亿美元的大产业。美国的停车产业每年收入约达260亿美元，占全美GDP的3.25%。而我国的停车档车牌识别，牢牢占据着主唱之位。 人性化在停车场智能管理系统设计上，工程开发人员更多居于便捷性和车辆人员安全的考量。据捷顺的郭晓强介绍，停车场管理系统人性化设计主要体现在以下几点： 人、机的交互及互动性增强。例如在读卡器上实现手机短信联动、手机一卡通; 基于联营的平台性产品型产品或商业模式将出现。例如消费折扣管理、VIP积分管理等; 多媒体信息发布和显示。基于车位的精确诱导，不但可以直接显示空余车位的位臵，可以帮助驾驶人员快速的寻找到车位停车; 无人值守自助缴费。无人值守智能收费系统，可以代替人工收费完全实现无人值守，该系统集纸币接收、硬币接收、硬币找零、纸票扫描、票据打印、液晶显示、等功能与一体的智能设备。由于人力成本高以及技术发展成熟，停车场无人值守自助缴费系统在欧美发达地区应用最为广泛。相信在不久的将来，该技术也将风靡大江南北。三、毕业设计思路框架 1.查询相关资料，了解本系统的研究意义。可以上网搜索或者是去图书馆查阅相关资料。 2.通过查询资料了解该系统要如何做，及要做哪些东西。3.设计出大体上的功能模块，画出模块图。 4.通过进一步的了解，对每个功能模块进行细化，将每一步都想清楚。制定出每一步的做法和注意的地方。 5.对设计好的程序进行调试，通过调试发现存在的问题并解决，从而达到完善系统的目的。 6.最后，整理各阶段的设计记录文档，写成论文稿。四、参考文献 1刘文利国内停车场管理系统的现状与发展趋势J中国新技术新产品，2011年第1期 2樊勇，任燕，司博章一种新型停车场反向寻车系统J北京时代凌宇科技有限公司，2013 3吕英丽停车场车辆出入管理系统的研究J北京邮电工程，2012 4刘姣智能停车场管理系统的研究J.湖南大学，2011 5黄鹏宇嵌入式停车场管理系统设计与实现J电子科技大学，2011 6张水锋智能停车场管理及远程监控系统设计J哈尔滨理工大学，2010 7高杰基于非接触式IC卡的大型停车场管理系统的研究J山东科技大学，2010 8陈蓉：停车场管理系统设计与实现科技创新导报，2012no.23 9王璞2013年中国停车场管理系统市场调查报告，2013 10陈子军等信息建模与关系数据库M电子工业出版社，2011 11丁宝康：数据库实用教程，清华大学出版社，2004年。 12赛奎春等：VB数据库开发关键技术与实例应用，人民邮电出版社，2003年。 13汪诗林等：数据结构算法与应用，机械工业出版社，2005年。 14罗征等：VB6.0从入门到精通，电子工业出版社，2004年。 15冯博琴等：面向对象分析与设计，机械工业出版社，2003年。 16Awad.E.M,GottererM.H:VisualBasic6.0,1992. 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 研究手段：本课题我主要采用单片机来对导航进行控制，进而研究本系统可解决以下问题： 1.车位检测使用红外对管，检测距离小于3厘米，总共八个车位，当该车位上方没有物体时，对应的车位指示灯亮，表示车位空，灯灭表示该车位上方有物体，即车位被占； 2.使用一位数码管统计车位数量情况，显示数字08，比如有四个LED亮表示有四个车位，数码管上显示数字4； 3.显示部分可使用液晶屏LCD1602显示车位情况，第一行显示剩下空车位个数，第二行显示导航符号，车辆分左中右三列，优先顺序为左中右，左有车位时显示“Left”，中有车位时显示“Center”、右有车位时显示“Right”， 4.当车位已满（8）时，进入车位告警模式，继电器发出间断报警声； 5.停车场计费系统，按时间来计算停车费。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：该生通过大量搜集和查阅文献资料，对停车场自动寻位导航系统的应用背景及相关的国内外研究情况进行了较好地综合分析和归纳整理，确立了论文研究方向、研究方法及研究内容。能利用文献内容形成自己的观点，内容充实。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本文研究目的明确，思路清晰，具有一定深度和广度，工作量适中，对论文设计合理，研究方法选用得当，毕业论文进度安排合理，要求学生给出停车场自动寻位导航系统软、硬件设计。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 02 月 19 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 30 日Parking automatic navigation system Form of modern parking lot from parking uncovered, plane parking, Pay Parking artificial underground parking, automatic billing the parking lot to the tower, three-dimensional, intelligent pick up the car, the development process of automatic billing the parking lot. Global into the information age, the development of modern architecture has entered the era of intelligent building, key technology PC technology, modern communication network technology, networking technology, database technology, intelligent information processing technology, automatic control technology are maturing. Especially in recent years is widely used IC card technology makes electronic, information technology, automation, intelligent car park management technology is also continuous improvement and perfection, and gradually reduce costs, safety and reliability requirements continue to increase, so the artificial management parking lot has been difficult to adapt to the requirements of the new era, parking lot automation, intelligent information management and monitoring is imperative. Including vehicle parking access tips, automatic toll collection, automatic vehicle access parking control linkage, automatically records access information and historical data. Wait memory cards and stationary vehicle after the automatic transmission equipment automatic vehicle transportation, loading, storage, time and delivery processes. Highly intelligent car parking facilities, the access process is highly automated, higher parking utilization. At the same time that the parking requirements of professional planning and construction, professional parking equipment corresponding requirements will be higher.Traffic during an integral part of the vehicle is parked. Parking problem is caused by many factors, one of the important cities traffic congestion. Parking is in short supply difficult to travel, to cause traffic congestion, pollution to the environment, resulting in losses to the green, to the security threat. Therefore, the construction of intelligent parking, parking is not the best choice for the expansion of the scale, there is also the best way conducive to sustainable urban development. Parking is intelligent automatic control system embodying the present century of high technology. It can not only solve the parking, parking chaos problem can also be regulation of transport facilities, but also solve the problem of vehicle theft. Every day a signicant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have signicant inuence on a chosen parking search strategy. On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong inuence on the drivers nal decision about the parking place.During the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.). Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benets of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems.Guidance systems signicantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the driversvisitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to nd vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their nal destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. The proposed methodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is structured as follows: 1. Introduction of parking spaces 2. The analogy parking problems and other industries between3. parking revenue management system is1. parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of public transportation. Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. Authorities in Seattle signicantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown. Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter citys downtown on weekdays) or airport operators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.2. Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: variable demand over time; variable asset utilization; perishable assets; limited resources; market segmentation; adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossible; direct cost per client is negligible part of the total cost of making service available; selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:Parking demand is variable over time.Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be sold (used by clients).Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by driversMarket segmentation means that different customers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat in a rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.Building new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very difficult.Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.3. Introducing parking revenue management systemA certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random moments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-rmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supply, the answer could be Yes or No.In case of a nested reservation system, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff classes. For example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes). All parking spaces are always available to class 1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.停车场自动导航系统现代停车场的形式从露天停车场、平面停车场、人工收费停车场到地下停车场、自动计费停车场到塔式、立体、智能取车、自动计费停车场的发展历程。全球进入了信息化时代，现代建筑的发展也跨入智能建筑时代，PC技术、现代通信网络技术、网络互联技术、数据库技术、智能信息处理技术、自动化控制技术等关键技术都日渐成熟。尤其是近年来IC卡技术的广泛应用使得电子化、信息化、自动化、智能化管理停车场的技术也不断改进和完善，成本逐渐降低，安全性及可靠性要求不断提升，因此人工管理停车场已难以适应新时代的要求，对停车场实现自动化、智能化的信息管理与监控势在必行。包括车辆停车场出入相关提示，自动收费，停车服务车辆进出自动化控制联动，自动记录访问信息和历史数据。车辆的存储卡和固定后的等待，自动化输送设备自动车运输，吊装，储存，时间和交付过程。高度智能化的汽车停车场停车设备，接入过程高度自动化，车位利用率更高。同时这种停车要求建设的专业规划，停车设备专业相应的要求会更高。交通过程中不可缺少的组成部分之一就是车辆停放。停车难问题是造成很多大中城市交通拥堵的重要因素之一。停车位供不应求给出行带来困难，给交通造成拥堵，给环境带来污染，给绿化造成损失，给安全造成威胁。因此，建设智能化的停车场，是不扩大停车规模的最好选择，也是有利于城市可持续发展的最好方法。智能停车场自动控制系统是本世纪的高新科技的体现。它不仅可以解决停车难、停车乱的问题还可以规化的交通设施，同时也解决了车辆失盗的问题。每天都会有一个显著比例的车辆驾驶者在寻找一个停车位。此外，经验不足的司机或增加的外地人进一步加剧了交通的拥堵。搜索一个空闲驻车空间是一件比较困难的事情。每个泊车搜索战略都存在着一组模糊的规则，通常很难明确地描述这些规则。我们可以对停车搜索进行一个计划，了解一天时间，星期几，当前拥堵的特定的路线，城市街道的知识，一些有可能提供的停车位为司机提供了一个选择停车的搜索策略。另一方面,司机经常发现不同种类的停车时间序列。显然,这个时间序列在司机的寻找停车场的最终决定具有非常强大的影响力。在过去的二十年中，许多城市（赫尔辛基，科隆，美因茨，斯图加特，威斯巴登，奥尔堡，海牙）交通主管部门已经开始通知并指导司机了解实时可知晓的信息标志，停车设施方向箭头，名称的停车设施，状态（满，不饱满，许多可用的停车位等）。有关可用的停车位数量的信息可以显示在主要道路，街道和路口，也可以通过互联网进行分发。这种合乎逻辑的询问停车诱导系统可以带来好处。目前的实践表明，停车诱导系统通常不会更改司机的入住率或平均停车时间。司机很容易熟
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