基于单片机的家用天然气监测系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip
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自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书
检测系统的设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
基于单片机的
设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
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毕业设计开题报告
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基于单片机的家用天然气监测系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip,自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书,检测系统的设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,基于单片机的,设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,毕业设计开题报告
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过毕业设计，使学生能够通过综合运用所学的专业知识为相关行业的应用需求提供解决方案。在此过程中，提高学生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力，锻炼学生的实践动手能力。具体包括以下几方面： 1. 综合运用专业理论知识分析解决实际问题的能力。 2. 针对研究对象进行调查研究以及查阅检索相关中外文献的能力。 3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。 4. 制定设计方案和实验方案、仪器设备的选型、安装、调试以及采集和分析处理实验数据的能力。 5. 使用科研工具包括使用专业设备、计算机和专业软件的能力。 6. 撰写设计说明书和论文的能力。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 1. 本设计应完成家用天然气监测系统的设计，包括如下内容： 1）该监测系统应能够对空气中的相关气体成分（如一氧化碳、甲烷、氧化硫等）进行检测分析；2）当可燃气体浓度超过报警阈值时应及时发出声光报警，启动排气风扇，并通过短信将相关信息传至户主；3）该系统应具备可靠的自检功能；4）该系统应能够接入到智能家居系统中供用户远程监控。 2按时完成开题报告书。 3按时完成毕业设计外文参考资料。 4能够圆满完成指导老师布置的课题任务，设计方案合理，能够体现一定的创新性。 5按时参加答辩，在答辩前各项规定的资料要齐全。 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1. 按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文），能详细说明设计步骤和思路； 2. 能有结构完整，合理可靠的设计方案； 3. 能够通过情景模拟和实物演示对所设计系统的功能进行验证。 4主要参考文献： 1 黄智伟.STM32F 32位ARM微控制器应用设计与实践（第2版）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2014 2 杨欣, 莱诺克斯(Len D M Nokes), 王玉凤，等.电子设计从零开始(第2版) M .北京：清华大学出版社，2010 3 陈海宴.51单片机原理及应用-基于Keil C与Proteus（第2版）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2013 4 刘平.深入浅出玩转51单片机M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2011 5 胡杰 吴磊 赵鸣.51单片机C语言应用与开发M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2010 6 徐向民.Altium Designer快速入门（第2版）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2011 7 ADI公司.ADI放大器应用笔记（第1册）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2011 8 王薪宇，郑淑军，贾灵.CC430无线传感网络单片机原理与应用M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2011 9 林凡强，马晓茗，谢兴红.CC430无线传感网络平台基础与实践M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2012 10 张培仁.传感器原理、检测及应用M.北京：清华大学出版社，2012 11 姚尚朗，靳岩，等. Android开发入门与实战(第2版) M.北京：人民邮电出版社，2013 12 刘紫薇.面向居民楼天然气监测的无线传感器网络系统设计与实现D.天津大学，2014. 13 罗莹. 家庭煤气泄漏检测报警及控制装置D. 福建农林大学，2012 14 董文涛，程醒. 家用煤气泄漏检测与自动处理系统J. 科学中国人，2015（20） 15 孙利民，李建中等. 无线传感器网络M，北京：清华大学出版社，2005. 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.102015.12.13 调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导，拟题、选题、填写任务书。 2015.12.152015.12.31 学生查看任务书，为毕业设计的顺利完成，进行前期准备。 2016.01.092016.04.05 学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作；拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲；撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲。 2016.04.062016.04.10 提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅；各专业组织中期检查（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。 2016.04.112016.05.10 进行毕业设计文档撰写。 2016.05.142016.05.29 毕业设计（论文）小组答辩，完成毕业设计的成绩录入 2016.05.302016.06.07 根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。 2016.06.072016.06.30 各系提交本届毕业设计（论文）的工作书面总结及相关材料。 所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 1.课题研究的意义： 天然气资源是天然气行业发展的基础，新中国成立以来，我国天然气生产有了很大发展。特别是“八五”以来，天然气探明储量快速增长，天然气产业进入高速发展时期。2012年全国天然气年探明地质储量仍保持“十五”以来的高速增长态势，天然气勘查新增探明地质储量居我国历史最高水平。21世纪以来，我国天然气市场进入大规模发展阶段，天然气消费量以每年两位数的速度增长。2011年，我国天然气产量首次突破千亿立方米，达到1025.3亿立方米，与10年前相比增长3.6倍，年均增速达到14%。进入2012年，国内天然气行业生产运行总体平稳，天然气进口量大幅增长的同时，我国天然气的表观消费量也呈现大幅增长态势。随着天然气的普遍使用，如何安全的使用天然气已经成为人们关心的问题。 红外线防盗报警器是如今使用比较普遍的报警器，它以其灵敏度高、价格实惠，受到了广大用户的欢迎。但是使用每一种红外线传感器都有其不足之处，如抗干扰能力弱、误报漏报现象严重等，可靠性不够高。目前市面上装备主要有压力触发式防盗报警器、开关电子防盗报警器和压力遮光触发式防盗报警器等各种报警器，但这几种比较常见的报警器都存在一些缺点。 红外技术最初的发展应用是红外光谱仪，随着红外探测材料技术的发展应用，红外技术目前已广泛应用于环境监测、分子类型和结构判定、石油勘探与分析、地质矿物的籀定、质量检测、交通运输、安全报警、医疗保健等一系列领域。其方法和原理目益成熟，各类红外器件层出不穷，仪器的精度也不断地提高。虽然早在19世纪就有了红外探测器，而且在第一次世界大战期间红外探测器已用于军事目的，但只是到了第二次世界大战期间有了PbS探测器以后，红外探测器技术才受到了人们广泛的重视并得到了迅速的发展。新的探测器材料不断被研制出来，探测器的响应波段很快就覆盖了1-3 um，3-5 um和8-12 um三个大气窗口，与此同时，探测器材料质量的不断改善使探测器的性能也不断得到提高，促进了红外技术的全面发展。2.设计方案： 通过使用单片机来控制天然气传感器，通过编写的程序来控制读取空气中天然气的容度的间断时间，从而可以间断的获得空气中的天然气容度，当空气中的容度达到危险容度时，单片机就会通过程序控制报警器进行警报工作并进行空气流通是容度降下来。 由于天然气属于无色无味的气体，并且存在一定的危险，所以本装备必须具备能够自我检测的功能，日常生活是要是本装置处于瘫痪时，能够进行警报，从而提醒使用者装备需要维修。从而保护人们的安全。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 要研究和解决的问题：（1）气体成分的识别（2）红外报警器误触发（3）天然气感应器的灵敏度调节（4）当设备处于故障时如何处理解决方案（1）因为天然气的主要成分甲烷，当设备采集空气中的成分时主要判断的是甲烷在空气中的容度 （2）从技术和性能方面选择探测器、包括传感探头的选择、菲涅尔透镜的外形设计，微处理器程序，多鉴技术、自动跳码的滚动编码技术、生产工艺、使用方法，温度补偿，灵敏度探测距离调整（3）天然气感应器灵敏度稍稍调高，在未达到人体极限时就能发出警报（4）给单片机的程序中编写自我检测程序，当给单片机下达的危险信号未能警报时，此时人就能知道设备处于故障从而维修毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：文献综述对天然气检测技术的发展进行了介绍，并据此提出了具体的设计方案。综述内容充实，学生对该设计已有较为深入地思考。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题工作主要是完成天然气监测系统的设计，包括：气体成分检测分析方法，报警系统设计，智能家居功能设计等，最后通过演示对系统功能进行验证。本设计的工作量和工作难度适中。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 04 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 22 日home system, manual methods are no longer used and replaced by an automated system that helped users to monitor the condition of the house, thus facilitating and speeding up daily works. Automatic system can prevent the effects of human error and saving electricity.Problem statement: Security monitoring system requires data transmission system fast receiving data and accurate at a certain distance, so that users can place devices freely at important locations for the data display receiver. In other words, this system must be portable and user friendly. Display system is shown to be straightforward and easy to understand, so that users can take important immediate action. The system must not be hacked by anyone, no matter in various ways including on input source power, the content of data transmission, content of receiving data and location of security sensor devices main processor is stored. The system must also have characteristics such as water- resistant, high temperature resistant and robust, so that data transmission process and data receiving will not fail. Many of other security systems have some limitations on the usage of sensor devices. These problems will result in limitations of the security system. However, it is inevitable that a security system requires extensive use of sensors for the system to operate efficiently and be able to detect objects in every8888Corresponding Author: Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, Department of Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environmental, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysiaarea of the house. The use of sensor devices is also very important in security systems. Sensors must be sensitive to human motion. Sensors must be working on the most appropriate range, that is not too close and too distant to detect movement and should be according to the human nature.Related work: Bridgwater (2005) justified the use of ZigBee in wireless systems in Hotels wireless system management. Bridgwater listed possible usage of functions that are possible to be implemented wirelessly. He has also showed how the wireless system can be implemented using ZigBee. Culter (2005) aimed to preserve existing industrial automated networks to save cost. He uses compatible address between Modbus and ZigBee to demonstrate that ZigBee can be integrated into the traditional system. Egan (2005) stated his opinion from the commercialization point of view. He stated the advantages of ZigBee and argued that ZigBee will become more and more popular in Building Automation and Industrial Control applications. Cox et al. (2005) worked on time synchronization for ZigBee Networks. They have implemented a protocol called Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP). They have found that the slave nodes error is always smaller than 61 s. Evans-Pughe, 2003 reviewed on ZigBee. He stated the advantages of ZigBee in terms of cost, power consumption, reliability. He predicted that ZigBee will experience tremendous growth in the near future. the WDM-POF and FTTH-PON which introduced many excellent features to home network today; such as high bandwidth, immunity, safety and survivability. The system is also able to be integrated with any home security system to enable the home status be monitored on-line through telephone or internet. This is a new era of home network systems.Problem solving: The use of ZigBee Pro device known as Xbee Pro is a device for sending and receiving wireless data. Xbee Pro is able to send and receive data in range of about 1.7 km without barriers, work quickly and at low power. So the display and acceptance of data can be done at a location that is not limited in the house. The data receiver can be taken anywhere and does not affect the operation of sending and receiving data. The data receiver can be considered as portable and user friendly. Display process is made on a relatively large size in order to provide a clear picture of invaded sites. LED is used as a main device to display data for users. The characteristic of LED which produces a clear and bright light is suitable for longdistances to the users observer. The use of the beeper alarm also can be added as a tool to inform the consumers. Among the ways that can help to prevent someone from hacking the security system is the programming process should be specific and not known by anyone, so no interruptions of the same data signal received by the microcontroller. If either one has power failure no matter on transmission or receiving data, then the system will fail to function. So the use of two power supplies that works automatically if one is cut off has been designed, so that the intruder cannot defeat the system in power supply source. Data transmission system should be placed in a safe place and cannot be detected by anyone. Places and special containers should be built so that tools are not allergic to water or high temperature. Microcontroller is used as a main processor with a lot number of Input and Output (I/O). The number of these input and output can be connected to the sensor device that used. Thus, the use of many sensors can be applied in order to improve the home security. The best sensor device to detect human movement is a Passive Infrared (PIR). This device will detect the arrival or obstacles that have body heat. The human body has heat content, thus it can be detected by PIR sensor when there is a movement of a human.Objectives: The main objective is to build a security system that can detect human presence around the house and displayed to the user in a form that is easy to be understood. To achieve the main objective, several sub-objectives have been identified:Build an interface circuit between microcontroller and Xbee ProTo construct transmission and receiver of wireless dataTo build a data display to the userTests on the whole circuit connection is done by looking at display effect from instructions that given by using the input from PIR sensor. Each PIR which detects human presence can be seen at their location. The addition of several devices is also needed in order to increase the effectiveness of display such as the addition of an alarm, which will attract the attention of users when PIR has detected human presence.Analysis on microcontroller input: After completion of the program into the microcontroller memory space, this microcontroller system will be connected to a PC using an RS232 connection. The purpose of this connection is to ensure that the program in the microcontroller can communicate in series with acomputer. Software has used Access Port. Each input will be shown on the display software of port access. If the test was successful, it indicates that the program has functioned well and the microcontroller can communicate in series with a computer. So, Xbee Pro can be connected directly to the microcontroller with additional MAX232 and MAX3232 devices by using the RS 232 connection.Analysis of microcontroller output: Program receiver will be downloaded into the microcontroller memory space. This microcontroller will be tested on the software effectiveness by using a direct connection from the data transmission microcontroller. When the receiver on microcontroller has received the order, it will serve to light only certain LEDs. This section depends onthe input signall.Result on overall system: To ensure the effectiveness of this system, several tests were done. PIR sensors are connected to the transmitter. Display system and the receiver are placed within 10 m from the transmitter system with wireless communications. A thief will pass through the sensor and the sensor will detect human presence. It continues to light the LED display and shows the location of detected objects. At the same time, an alarm was sounded to give an indication of corruption. The second test is done when there are two thieves who have passed through the sensor; then the display system will directly light the two sides of LED that has been skipped by thieves. This shows that the system can detect the presence of thieves in different locations and presented information to user wirelessly.Suggestions for improvement: After several tests were done, there are some modifications to increase the sensitivity of the user to display. An alarm has been installed on display circuit and programming has rearranged in order to ensure that these new devices operate properly. The alarm will be activated when one of the sensors detects movement. Therefore, the operator will be alerted and observe the data display more attentively during anomalous events.Comparison of existing products: Table 1 shows the products named PIR Motion. It has been compared with the product that was released today, PIR Motion and HA Motion.Flowchart: From Table 1, it shows the difference between products that are reviewed and produced nowadays. The first comparison is on type of display. Table 1: Comparison of products Type characteristic PIR motion PIR motion HA motion Display LED and sound Sound SoundType of communication Wireless Wired WirelessDistance of communication 600 m - 92 mPower source 2 1 1Number of sensor 12 1 1Many security products use only the alarm for notification to the user and it cannot show the specific location where the object is detected to be around the house. PIR Motion microcontroller serves to inform the user where the object is detected by use of LED and alarm. While PIR Motion microcontroller using wireless communication with the display system and there are also other products that using this communication. But with the use of Xbee Pro, communication distance between the display and sensor is 600 m and it is different from other products that have shorter distance. In case of power source, the PIR Motion microcontroller has two power sources compared to others and it is functional to operate even when there is no electricity. The number of sensors used for product X is enough in order to monitor around the house compared to other products. As a result, a lot of features and characteristics have been improved (Fig. 1).Motion sensor: Movement can be detected by calculating changes in speed or vector of the object. This can be done using electronic devices that can measure changes in a particular environment. There are basically three types of sensors used in the motion detector spectrum.Passive infrared sensors: effects of body heat, no energy are transmitted from the sensorUltrasonic: sending a pulse and calculate the reflection from moving objectsmicrowaves: sensor sends a microwave pulse and measuring the reflection from a moving objectPassive Infrared Sensor (PIR): Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) is an electronic device that can measure the transmitted infrared light. The term passive in this regard should be translated that the device does not emit infrared rays PIR but only passively receive incoming infrared radiation. Infra Wilkins below our ability to detect visually and Red because this color represents the lowest energy level that we see before it becomes invisible (Fig. 2). The PIR can be used to detect movements, normally used to detect human movement when passing in or out of range sensor. PIR is a small, cheap, low power, easy to use and durable. PIR is basically made of pyroelectric sensor that can detect infrared radiation levels.Fig. 1: System flowcharts that applied at homeFig. 2: PIR structure Table 2: Product comparison Type PIR motion HA motion Feature display Sound Sound Communication type Wire WirelessCommunication distance - 92 mSource 1 1 Number of sensor 1 1 How PIR works: Body temperature is usually around37 degrees Celsius higher than the background temperature. When people walk past the sensor, high temperature will result in higher charges in pyroelectric material. Small signal generated by the amplifier circuit will be expanded by adding infrared energy and connected to the comparison of the difference (differential COMPARATOR). The comparison is used to distinguish the signal from the reading before giving output.However, this simple arrangement can operate andmonitor from any other sources of a sudden temperature change, such as flash or bright lights or reflections ofobjects in hot weather. Several techniques are used toreduce the error due to external interference. First, the human body radiates infrared energy waves of 9-10 um.Thus, an infrared filter that can pass between thewavelength of 8-14 um placed in front of the sensor to increase the sensitivity of infrared energy from humans.Second, the infrared energy that is placed in front of thesensor has two purposes. It will focus the infrared energy emitted over a wider area into the sensor and is dividedinto zones of cold and heat sensitivity. When a personwalks past the zone, the sensor will see changes in the infrared and will result in variations of the output signalfrom the sensor movement. Comparison will see and willact to change this signal. Hot things that do not move, such as light, will not be producing a variety of products.Comparison ignores the infrared source is not changed.Compared with existing products: There are two product safety system is used for comparison of important functions in the development of a security system. The first product is the PIR Motion and a second product is HA Motion is a product in the markettoday. Table 2 below is a comparison of the functions and features available in a security system.From the Table 2, both products showed different characteristics such as type of display used only alarms that sound when the sensor detects movement. From this comparison, a study should be done to produce a more effective security system compare to the productsin the market today.Problem and solution: During this study, several problems were encountered:Lack of references to Xbee Pro. Xbee Pro is a radio frequency device that is new and it still being studied because of its rapid development nowadays. However, this problem can be solved with a lot of testing and trial that have been done Difficulty in making printed circuit boards. Printed circuit boards for combined receiving and data display system is difficult to be done. To solve this problem, the use of two layers printed circuit boards is appliedThe difficulty of using appropriate sensors and is only able to detect human presence. Then the usage of PIR sensor has been applied in order to solve the problem because the sensor is not active against objects such as rocks or carsCONCLUSIONOverall, this study has been completed properly. All sub-objective of this study has been completed, thus resolved the main objectives and research problems. This system managed to help users to detect human presence around the house precisely. The use of wireless connectivity based on microcontroller facilitates the installation process at home and can prevent anyone hacking into security systems. This system is a system that meets recently smart home applications in order to function in automation situation. During the study, a lot of knowledge and experience have been learned. Besides the exposure on microcontroller, this study also has much exposure to radio frequency technology which is Xbee Pro, where it helps in the transfer process for the wireless signal. This device has helped the development of security systems with its high-tech features.Recommendation on scope of study: This program should be reviewed in order to improve the information display in terms of accuracy in the future. This study also can be continued in future to make improvements into the existing studies. Some suggestions for improving this study area: Increase the number of sensors to enhance the security featuresImplement a different variety of sensors in order to detect certain objectsUse camera to capture images when PIR detects an object and use LCD monitor for image displayUse GSM module so that data can be sent to the consumer by using a telephone line in long distanceREFERENCESBridgwater, J., 2005. Wireless systems management inhotels with Zigbee technology. J. Elect., 22: 42-43.Cox, D., E. Jovanov and A. Milenkovic, 2005. Time Synchronization for ZigBee Networks. Proceedings of the 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, Mar. 20-22, IEEE Xplore Press, USA, pp:135-138. DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460892Culter, T., 2005. Successfully deploying Zigbee in industrial automation networks. J. Technical Papers ISA, 459: 934-942.Egan, D., 2005. The emergence of ZigBee in Building Automation and Industrial Control. Comput. Control Eng., 16: 14-19. DOI: 10.1049/cce:20050203关于安全系统在智能家居应用的综述Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman and Mohd Ariff Razaly摘要：问题现状：本文讨论了安全系统在智能家居中应用的进展。在世界各地已经建立了越来越多的安全系统，这些安全系统都是基于单片机装置作为信息的接收器，处理器和发射器。方法：通过使用ZigBee技术设备来实现数据的无线传输和接收。ZigBee的数据传输特性非常适合迅速准确地传输数据。为了推动ZigBee的无线通信，研制了一种微控制器接口电路。同时还发展出一种显示系统，可以作为房屋周围环境记录器，并且可以方便地携带到任何地方。结果：通过LED数据显示器显示其传输和接收过程。而LEDs技术的出现也预示着传感器将可以部署在房屋的任意地方。总结：结果证明安全系统运行的很有效并且很适当。未来的改进之处主要是对检测物体的存在传感器输入端进行提升。 如今，安全系统是一种非常重要，需要重视和增强的系统。我们已经使用不同方式对安全系统进行强化，例如使用大量的安全人员、先进武器、警报器、监控系统、电子设备、软件等等。所有的这些改进都依赖于它们的使用。对于社会群体来说最重要以及最需要的安全系统之一是房屋安全系统。比如从盗窃、火灾和短路来看，我们需要一直监控着房屋。最近，包括抢劫、谋杀和火灾的犯罪率正在上升，这些社会现象正在困扰着我们。所以，为了跟上一直在上升的犯罪率，必须使房屋监视系统更加有效才行。 我们可以采用各种各样的方法来提高家居安全监视的水平，包括安全人员的使用。但是，这种方法并不适用于所有的安全等级，因为它很浪费而且可靠性差。所有的这些改进都应当起到更加有效的作用，来为使用者提供方便并且可以不出错的进行监控，而且也不会阻碍到安全过程。目前，人们做了许多关于智能家居系统的研究，并且覆盖了所有的方面。例如依据多媒体、安全监控、照明、天气控制和其他方面的智能家居系统的研究。在一个智能家居系统中，已经不再使用手动的方法了，取而代之的是一种能帮助使用者监视房屋的环境自动化的系统，如此便加速了日常的工作效率。自动化系统还可以防止人为的错误并且大大降低了用电消耗。 问题描述：安全监控系统需要数据转换，并且在一定距离内准确无误的快速接收数据，以便用户可以在重要的位置放置数据显示接收器。换句话来说，这个系统必须是便携的，人性化的。而且显示系统必须简单明了，这样使用者们可以采取重要快速的行动。任何人不能以任何方式侵入这个系统，包括输入电源、数据转换的内容、接收数据的内容和安全传感器设备的主要接收器的放置位置。这个系统也必须有一些特性，例如防水性、耐高温，并且它的功能也应是强大的，这样数据转换和接收过程就不会失败。许多其他的安全系统在传感器装置的使用上有一些限制。这些问题会导致安全系统受到限制。但不可避免的是，为了安全系统能有效地运作以及能够侦查到房屋每一处的物体，就需要使用大量的传感器。传感器装置的使用在安全系统中也很重要。传感器必须对人1172117211721172体运动很敏感。传感器也必须在最适当的范围内工作，即不能太近也不能太远地侦测运动，并且它也应该要迎合人的习惯。 相关的工作：Bridgwater (2005) 证明了酒店无线系统管理中ZigBee无线系统的使用。 Bridgwater罗列了这些功能的可能用途，无线可以将这些用途实现。他还展示了无线系统是怎样通过使用ZigBee来实现的。Culter (2005)旨在保留现有的工业自动化网络来节约成本。他使用 Modbus和 ZigBee之间的兼容地址来证明ZigBee可以被集成到传统的系统。Egan从商业化的角度陈述了他的观点。他陈述了ZigBee的优点并认为ZigBee在建筑自动化和工业控制应用中会变得越来越流行。 Cox et al. (2005)研究了ZigBee网络在时间上的同步。他们已经实现了一个被称为洪泛时间同步协议 (FTSP)的协议。他们已经发现节点的误差总是小于61微秒。Evans-Pughe, 2003检验了ZigBee。他陈述了ZigBee在成本、功耗、可靠性方面的优势。他预测，在不久的将来ZigBee将经历巨大的增长。介绍当今家庭网络中WDM-POF和 FTTH-PON的许多优秀功能，例如高速宽带、免疫性、安全性和生存性。该系统还可以与任何家庭安全系统集成，使家庭状况通过电话或者网络实行在线监测。这是一个家庭网络系统的新时代。 解决问题：被称为Xbee Pro的ZigBee Pro的设备是一个用于发送和接收无线数据的装置。Xbee Pro能够不受障碍、快速而且低功耗的发送和接受1.7公里范围内的数据。所以数据的显示和接收可以不限于屋内所处的位置而完成。数据接收器可以被带到任意位置，而不影响发送和接收数据的操作。数据接收机应当易于携带并且是人性化的。为了提供入侵网站的清晰画面，显示过程在一个相当大的尺寸上显示。LED作为向用户演示数据的主要装置。对观察的用户来说，LED产生清晰而明亮光线的特征是长距离观察所需要的。利用蜂鸣器报警也可以添加到通知用户的工具中。编程过程中为了防止有人窃听安全系统的方法是应是具体的且不能被其他人知道，所以微控制器接收到的相同数据信号不会中断。如果任一方在输电或接收数据上有电源故障的话，系统将无法正常工作。因此两个电源是可以自动工作的，如果一个电源被设计切断，入侵者则无法在电力供给源中打败系统。数据传输系统应该被放置在一个安全的地方并且不能被他人检测出来。场所和容器应该使用不受水和高温影响的材料制作。微控制器作为输入和输出（I/ O）的主处理器而使用。这些输入和输出口的数量应与所使用的传感器装置数目相一致。因此，我们可以使用更多传感器的来提高家庭安全。检测人体运动的最好传感器是被动式红外线（PIR）。该设备可以检测有热体的到来或障碍。人体有热含量，因此，当人运动时，PIR传感器可以检测到人体的热含量 。 目的：主要目的是建立一个安全系统，该系统可以检测房子周围人的存在并用一个易于理解的方式显示给用户。为了实现这一主要目标，几个子目标已经确定： 1. 在微控制器和Bee Pro之间建立一个接口电路 2. 构建无线数据的发送和接收 3. 构建显示给用户的数据 对整个电路的连接的测试是通过使用PIR传感器输入来观察指令的显示效果。每当PIR检测人的存在时，便可以看到他们的位置。增加多个设备的同时还需要增强显示如报警的有效性，当PIR检测到有人存在时将吸引用户的注意。第2页 共6 页 分析微控制器的输入：在把程序输入到微控制器内存空间之后，该微控制器系统将通过RS232连接到计算机上。这种连接是为了确保微控制器中的程序可以和计算机串联通信。软件采用访问端口。每个输入将在端口访问的显示软件上显示。如果测试是成功的，则表示该程序运作良好，且微控制器能够与计算机串联通信。所以 Xbee Pro可以通过使用RS 232连接直接连接到具有额外MAX232 和 MAX3232设备的微控制器。 分析微控制器的输出：接收的程序下载到微控制器的内存里面。这个微控制器将和数据传送微控制器直接连接，对软件进行测试。当单片机的接收器接收到命令时，它只点亮特定的LED灯，这取决于传感器的输入信号。 结果：我们做了好几组实验来确保该系统的有效性。PIR传感器和变送器相连接。显示系统距接收器距变送器不超过10米，它们之间通过无线通信进行连接。当有小偷通过传感器时，传感器会检测到人的存在。单片机的接收器将会持续点亮LED显示器，并将显示被检测物体的方位。与此同时，警报声将会响起。第二部分的测试是在这种情况下完成的，当两个小偷通过传感器以后，显示系统将会直接点亮被小偷避开的LED灯的两侧。这表明该系统能够检测到不同方位下的小偷，并通过无线将信息传送给用户。 改进建议：在几组实验进行以后，我们需要作出一些改进以提高用户显示的灵敏度。为了确保这些新设备正常运行，将警报安装在显示电路里面，并且重新安装编程。当传感器检测到位置变化时，这个警报将会被激活。因此，将会提醒操作人员在异常情况下更用心的观察数据的显示。 现有产品的比较：表1表示的是一个PIR运动产品。它已经和今天刚发布的产品进行了比较，PIR运动产品和HA运动产品。 流程图：表1，它表明产品进行审查和现在产品生产之间的差异。第一个比较显示器的类型。表1：产品对比类型特征PIR运动PIR运动哈
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