基于双频Rfid的邮包分捡系统研究与设计【物联网开题报告外文翻译说明书论文】.zip
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：(预览前15页/共40页)
编号：22399332
类型：共享资源
大小：4.11MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2019-10-16
上传人：小***
认证信息
个人认证
林**（实名认证）
福建
IP属地：福建
50
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
物联网开题报告外文翻译说明书论文
系统设计开题报告
论文开题报告
基于RFID的
系统设计开题
设计开题报告
基于RFID 的
基于RFID
系统的设计与研究
RFID 的
- 资源描述：
-
基于双频Rfid的邮包分捡系统研究与设计【物联网开题报告外文翻译说明书论文】.zip,物联网开题报告外文翻译说明书论文,系统设计开题报告,论文开题报告,基于RFID的,系统设计开题,设计开题报告,基于RFID 的,基于RFID,系统的设计与研究,RFID 的
- 内容简介：
-
毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 传统的快递行业采用人工分拣、查询、检索、派发，效率十分低下，本课题通过采用双频RFID技术以及设计研发快递服务端和智能移动终端软件来研发一套完整灵活、智能便捷、安全高效的“基于双频RFID快递收发检索查询定位”系统，通过把RFID非接触式自动识别技术与双频定位功能相结合，从而实现对快递进行高精度的检索定位，实时掌握快递具体位置以及收发状态等信息，节省人工手动分拣、查询、查找快件的处理时间，减少人为错误的发生，从而实现对快递安全化、信息化、智能化的高效管理。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 调研当前快递行业分拣、查询、检索、派发等过程及问题，研究设计一种基于RFID的双频查询检索系统。 1 具备物联网RFID、Mobile开发以及嵌入式数据库知识。 2 具有钻研精神，擅长资料收集和归纳整理。 3 对快递流程及分捡业务有一定的了解。 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1、毕业论文一份 2、翻译资料一份 3、系统设计资料一份 4主要参考文献： 1 梁雁. 试论 RFID 在快递公司应用的可能性J. 物流工程与管理, 2015, 3: 038. 2 樊国龙, 李刚. 基于 RFID 的快递扫描系统J. 现代计算机: 上下旬, 2015 (14): 68-70. 3 宫一非. 结合条码技术和 RFID 技术的移动手持终端在顺丰快递中的应用J. 物流技术: 装备版, 2014 (2): 42-45. 4 涂淼, 唐烨, 文英姐, 等. 校园快递超市运营优化分析以中国地质大学江城学院快递超市为例J. 物流技术, 2014, 33(1): 61-63. 5 路宏伟. 智能快递终端存取系统设计J. 物联网技术, 2015, 5(8): 72-73. 6 程光, 孙培焱, 王位, 等. 高校快递代取服务终端的优化以江南大学为例J. 物流科技, 2014, 37(9): 111-114. 7 沈文忠, 谢富强. 基于 WinCE 的物流配送实践项目的开发J. 实验室科学, 2011, 14(3): 102-105. 8 张庆英, 刘燕, 王锟, 等. 基于快递业务的应急系统研究J. 武汉理工大学学报 (交通科学与工程版), 2011, 4: 043. 9 Kuo C. A Study on the Design of Mobile Logistics System with Android Smart PhonesJ. 2011. 10 杨英姿, 杨慧敏, 王雨,等. 基于RFID技术的现代仓储管理优化设计J. 森林工程, 2013, 第3期(3):115-117. 11 米永巍, 李怡勇, 李涛,等. 基于射频识别(RFID)技术的医疗设备维护管理系统设计与应用J. 医疗卫生装备, 2013, 34(10):27-29. 12 王声革, 郭建宏. RFID技术在高校实验设备资产管理中的应用J. 实验技术与管理, 2013, 30(1):218-221. 13 张芳. 基于RFID技术的PDA巡检管理系统及实际应用J. 中国设备工程, 2013, 第2期(02):14-16. 14 李世杰. RFID技术综述及其应用现状J. 电子世界, 2014, 24期(24):11-11. 15 Jian-hua K E, Xue-ye W E I. Research on underground mine personnel tracking system base on RFID and CAN JJ. Coal Engineering, 2006, 11: 042. 16 YuanFa L I U. Study to the System for Tracing and Locating the Staff in Mine Based on RFID Technique JJ. Mining & Processing Equipment, 2007, 3: 006. 17 Gavalas D, Economou D. Development platforms for mobile applications: Status and trendsJ. Software, IEEE, 2011, 28(1): 77-86. 18 Johnson R A. Java Database Connectivity Using SQLite: A TutorialJ. Business and Management, 2014, 6(3). 19 Pocatilu P. Building Database-Powered Mobile ApplicationsJ. Informatica Economic, 2012, 16(1): 132-142. 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：起 讫 日 期 工 作 内 容 2015.11.102015.12.13 调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导，拟题、选题、填写任务书。 2015.12.152015.12.31 学生查看任务书，为毕业设计的顺利完成，进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。 2016.01.092016.04.05 1、拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲； 2、撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲； 3、在2016年4月5日学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲，作为中期检查的依据。 2016.04.062016.04.10 1、提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅； 2、各专业组织中期检查（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。 2016.04.112016.05.13 1、学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计文档撰写。2、在2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。 2016.05.142016.05.15 毕业设计（论文）小组答辩 2016.05.162016.05.29 对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入。 2016.05.302016.06.07 根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。 所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月17 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 一、研究的背景与意义 短距离通信技术、RFID技术与移动智能终端等技术的发展，使得精确定位、实时网络化移动办公、信息高效处理等应用深入到生活与工作中方方面面，如智能交通、智能家居、智能农业。在仓储、设备管理方面，人们已经有诸多的RFID应用。在邮包行业，邮包管理系统通常使用条码标签或人工管理单据来管理，易造成物品丢失，此外，邮包人工分拣查询取件效率极低，造成大量时间浪费。采用物联网RFID、双频定位技术，结合移动嵌入式开发技术，研究设计一种高效的信息采集、传输、定位的邮包邮包定位、查询、管理功能的邮包系统，实现邮包计划、任务与集中服务点的高效管理，可提高工作人员现场查询、分拣及邮包状态管理的效率，避免在邮包的分拣、转运、派发过程出现大规模的迟滞、堆积现象，减少顾客的盲目查件时间，提高分发件效率。二、系统原理： 系统的设计原理是基于双频RFID自动识别、定位感知功能，RFID是Radio Frequency Identification的缩写，是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，无需人工干预，打破传统识别系统之间建立光学或者机械接触式识别。本项目采用125kHz和2.4gHz双频相结合的频率特性、技术特点来实现定位功能，实现物资尤其是物流邮包的检索查询定位管理。系统的定位电子标签由125kHz和2.4gHz的RFID读写标签构成，125kHz低频RFID技术触发具有高边际精度优势，穿透性强，激发距离在30cm内，2.4gHz具有读写距离远（50m-80m）、存储容量大等特点可以存储物品唯一标识体系的编码识别号（ID），包含一系列的数据和信息。阅读器通过发射天线发送一定频率的射频信号，当射频标签进入发射天线工作区域时产生感应电流，射频标签获得能量被激活，射频标签将自身编码等信息通过标签内置发送天线发送出去；系统接收天线接收到从射频标签发送来的载波信号，经天线调节器传送到阅读器，阅读器对接收的信号进行解调和解码后送到后台主系统进行相关处理。双频阅读器的读写频率配合双频标签组成被动射频系统，当阅读到携有2.4gHz的RFID双频标签时，发出电磁波，周围形成电磁场，标签从电磁场中获得能量激活标签中的微芯片电路，芯片将信息转换电磁波，发送给阅读器，阅读器将电磁波再转换成相关数据，为控制计算机或者终端提供数据。使用2.4gHz频段，可以实现邮包件较大范围的识别功能，从而确定物体是否存在以及其所在大概范围与方向，进一步运用双频阅读器的125kHz读写频率，即可确定物品的精确位置。三、本课题研究的现状 目前，作为21世纪十大重要技术之一的RFID技术对经济、社会、政治、军事、安全等领域影响重大，已经渗透到人们日常生活和工作的方方面面，给人们的社会活动、生产活动、行为方法和思想观念带来了巨大变革。 首先，RFID技术在物流邮包管理领域的应用，能帮助邮包公司建立完善的邮包分拣系统，企业建立起完备的销售体系； 其次，RFID技术在食品追溯领域的应用，帮助消费者能够得到满意放心的新鲜食物，保证食品安全。 再次，RFID技术在道路交通领域的应用，能为道路收费以及票务管理带来便捷的管理与服务,帮助建立完善的公路收费以及票务检阅等系统。 最后，RFID技术是实现物联网的关键技术，RFID技术与互联网、移动通信等技术相结合，可以实现全球范围内物品的跟踪与信息的共享，从而给物体赋予智能，实现人与物体以及物体与物体的沟通对话，最终构成联通万事万物的物联网。四、本课题的研究意义网络购物已成为当前社会人们日常的购物方式之一，与此同时，人们对邮包物流的服务质量要求也越来越高。随着当前网购数量的增加，物流的管理、到货速度及准确度变得越发重要。当前邮包公司均面临着邮包件多、邮包工作人员数量少的压力。由于快件量较大，订货客户送达地址不集中，成批快件通常被邮包代理点拍照签收，部分代理点还可能由于事务繁忙而无法及时通知客户前来领取，因此会造成“快件”变“慢件”。在代理点取件现场，面对大量的快件堆积如山，客户找自己的邮包也如“大海捞针”，使得收件人对邮包服务质量、购物消费体验很不满意。在邮包派发链中，仅是淘宝、京东等商家快速发货是不够的，取货分发速度也直接关系着整个业务的效率。基于当前邮包的这些问题，研究设计一种“基于双频RFID的邮包收发检索定位系统”，可快速定位快件的精确位置，有效帮助邮包分发人员快速的查询到快件是否存在、位置信息，节约大量派发时间，解决邮包堆积以及邮包丢失问题，能够让收件人第一时间高效领取自己的物品，保证商家以及消费者的双重权益。五、本课题要达到的目标 传统的快递行业采用人工分拣、查询、检索、派发，效率十分低下，本课题通过采用双频RFID技术以及设计研发快递服务端和智能移动终端软件来研发一套完整灵活、智能便捷、安全高效的“基于双频RFID快递收发检索查询定位”系统，通过把RFID非接触式自动识别技术与双频定位功能相结合，从而实现对快递进行高精度的检索定位，实时掌握快递具体位置以及收发状态等信息，节省人工手动分拣、查询、查找快件的处理时间，减少人为错误的发生，从而实现对快递安全化、信息化、智能化的高效管理。六、参考文献1 梁雁. 试论 RFID 在快递公司应用的可能性J. 物流工程与管理, 2015, 3: 038.2 樊国龙, 李刚. 基于 RFID 的快递扫描系统J. 现代计算机: 上下旬, 2015 (14): 68-70.3 宫一非. 结合条码技术和 RFID 技术的移动手持终端在顺丰快递中的应用J. 物流技术: 装备版, 2014 (2): 42-45.4 涂淼, 唐烨, 文英姐, 等. 校园快递超市运营优化分析以中国地质大学江城学院快递超市为例J. 物流技术, 2014, 33(1): 61-63.5 路宏伟. 智能快递终端存取系统设计J. 物联网技术, 2015, 5(8): 72-73.6 程光, 孙培焱, 王位, 等. 高校快递代取服务终端的优化以江南大学为例J. 物流科技, 2014, 37(9): 111-114.7 沈文忠, 谢富强. 基于 WinCE 的物流配送实践项目的开发J. 实验室科学, 2011, 14(3): 102-105.8 张庆英, 刘燕, 王锟, 等. 基于快递业务的应急系统研究J. 武汉理工大学学报 (交通科学与工程版), 2011, 4: 043.9 Kuo C. A Study on the Design of Mobile Logistics System with Android Smart PhonesJ. 2011.10 杨英姿, 杨慧敏, 王雨,等. 基于RFID技术的现代仓储管理优化设计J. 森林工程, 2013, 第3期(3):115-117. 11 米永巍, 李怡勇, 李涛,等. 基于射频识别(RFID)技术的医疗设备维护管理系统设计与应用J. 医疗卫生装备, 2013, 34(10):27-29.12 王声革, 郭建宏. RFID技术在高校实验设备资产管理中的应用J. 实验技术与管理, 2013, 30(1):218-221.13 张芳. 基于RFID技术的PDA巡检管理系统及实际应用J. 中国设备工程, 2013, 第2期(02):14-16. 14 李世杰. RFID技术综述及其应用现状J. 电子世界, 2014, 24期(24):11-11.15 Jian-hua K E, Xue-ye W E I. Research on underground mine personnel tracking system base on RFID and CAN JJ. Coal Engineering, 2006, 11: 042.16 YuanFa L I U. Study to the System for Tracing and Locating the Staff in Mine Based on RFID Technique JJ. Mining & Processing Equipment, 2007, 3: 006.17Gavalas D, Economou D. Development platforms for mobile applications: Status and trendsJ. Software, IEEE, 2011, 28(1): 77-86.18 Johnson R A. Java Database Connectivity Using SQLite: A TutorialJ. Business and Management, 2014, 6(3).19 Pocatilu P. Building Database-Powered Mobile ApplicationsJ. Informatica Economic, 2012, 16(1): 132-142.毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 一、研究的问题 1、RFID电子标签的编码。 2、RFID电子标签的数据读取与写入。 3、利用双频RFID对邮包进行定位与查找。 二、拟解决的问题 1 通过RFID电子标签对邮包的地址进行编号与编码。 2 将收件人与发件人的信息写入电子标签。 3 利用双频RFID电子标签以及阅读器实现邮包定位。三、系统开发环境 1、硬件环境： 2.4gHz+125kHz双频RFID电子标签 双频RFID手持阅读器（支持WIFI） PC电脑 2、软件环境： 服务器 操作系统：Windows7开发工具：Visual Studio 2013 Windows mobile 6.5 四、本课题研究手段 1、查阅论文相关的中英文文献 2、调研项目相关的需求 3、算法设计、编码实现，实际软件、硬件测试五、课题实现的要点分析1 RFID的编码2 RFID的信息写入3 RFID的信息读取4 利用双频RFID读取设备对邮包进行定位六、进度安排起 讫 日 期工 作 内 容2015.11.112015.12.03学生查阅相关文献，并在指导教师的指导下，撰写及修改开题报告、翻译专业原文资料；2015.12.042015.12.25学生提交开题报告、翻译原文及译文给毕业设计指导教师指导、审阅，定稿由指导教师给出评语；对开题未通过的学生下发整改通知书。2015.12.262016.3.201、学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作；2、在此阶段，在指导教师的指导下，学生拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲；3、在2016年3月20日学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲，作为中期检查的依据。2016.3.212016.3.261、学生提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅。2、各专业组织中期答辩（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。2016.3.272016.4.201、学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计文档撰写。2、在2016年4月20日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016.4.212016.5.06指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计（论文）管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅，包括打分和评语。2016.5.07-2016.5.18毕业设计（论文）小组答辩2016.5.192016.5.30根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：开题报告紧扣任务书要求，查阅相关文献，对当前的快递行情应用有较清楚的了解，对毕业设计的内容、技术路线有明确的思路与措施，格式符合要求，可进入下阶段工作。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：深度、广度符合本科阶段要求，论文在中等及以上水平 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 02 月 04 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 04 月 22 日Radio-frequency identification Take from WikipediaRadio-frequency identification(RFID) is the wireless use ofelectromagnetic fieldsto transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Some tags are powered byelectromagnetic inductionfrom magnetic fields produced near the reader. Some types collect energy from the interrogating radio waves and act as a passive transponder. Other types have a local power source such as a battery and may operate at hundreds of meters from the reader. Unlike abarcode, the tag does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method forAutomatic Identification and Data Capture.RFID tags are used in many industries, for example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line; RFID-tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses; andimplanting RFID microchipsin livestock and pets allows positive identification of animals.Since RFID tags can be attached to cash, clothing, and possessions, or implanted in animals and people, the possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised serious privacy concerns.These concerns resulted in standard specifications development addressing privacy and security issues.ISO/IEC 18000and ISO/IEC 29167 use on-chip cryptographymethods for tractability, tag and readerauthentication, and over-the-air privacy. IN 2014, the world RFID market is worth US$8.89 billion, up from US$7.77 billion in 2013 and US$6.96 billion in 2012. This includes tags, readers, and software/services for RFID cards, labels, fobs, and all other form factors. The market value is expected to rise to US$27.31 billion by 2024.DesignTagsA radio-frequency identification system usestags, orlabelsattached to the objects to be identified. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted passive. An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A battery-assisted passive (BAP) has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of an RFID reader. A passive tag is cheaper and smaller because it has no battery; instead, the tag uses the radio energy transmitted by the reader. Tags may either be read-only, having a factory-assigned serial number that is used as a key into a database, or may be read/write, where object-specific data can be written into the tag by the system user. Field programmable tags may be write-once, read-multiple; blank tags may be written with an electronic product code by the user.RFID tags contain at least two parts: anintegrated circuitfor storing and processing information,modulatinganddemodulatingaradio-frequency(RF) signal, collecting DC power from the incident reader signal, and other specialized functions; and anantennafor receiving and transmitting the signal. The tag information is stored in a non-volatile memory. The RFID tag includes either fixed or programmable logic for processing the transmission and sensor data, respectively.An RFID reader transmits an encoded radio signal to interrogate the tag. The RFID tag receives the message and then responds with its identification and other information. This may be only a unique tag serial number, or may be product-related information such as a stock number, lot or batch number, production date, or other specific information. Since tags have individual serial numbers, the RFID system design can discriminate among several tags that might be within the range of the RFID reader and read them simultaneously.ReadersRFID systems can be classified by the type of tag and reader. APassive Reader Active Tag(PRAT) system has a passive reader which only receives radio signals from active tags (battery operated, transmit only). The reception range of a PRAT system reader can be adjusted from 12,000 feet (0600m)citation needed, allowing flexibility in applications such as asset protection and supervision.AnActive Reader Passive Tag(ARPT) system has an active reader, which transmits interrogator signals and also receives authentication replies from passive tags. AnActive Reader Active Tag(ARAT) system uses active tags awoken with an interrogator signal from the active reader. A variation of this system could also use a Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag which acts like a passive tag but has a small battery to power the tags return reporting signal. Fixed readers are set up to create a specific interrogation zone which can be tightly controlled. This allows a highly defined reading area for when tags go in and out of the interrogation zone. Mobile readers may be hand-held or mounted on carts or vehicles.FrequenciesRFID frequency bandsBandRegulationsRangeData speed120150kHz (LF)Unregulated10cmLow13.56MHz (HF)ISM bandworldwide10cm - 1 mLow to moderate433MHz (UHF)Short Range Devices1100 mModerate865-868MHz (Europe)902-928MHz (North America) UHFISM band112 mModerate to high2450-5800MHz (microwave)ISM band5080 mHigh3.110GHz (microwave)Ultra wide bandto 200 mHighSignalingSignaling between the reader and the tag is done in several different incompatible ways, depending on the frequency band used by the tag. Tags operating on LF and HF bands are, in terms of radio wavelength, very close to the reader antenna because they are only a small percentage of a wavelength away. In thisnear fieldregion, the tag is closely coupled electrically with the transmitter in the reader. The tag can modulate the field produced by the reader by changing the electrical loading the tag represents. By switching between lower and higher relative loads, the tag produces a change that the reader can detect. At UHF and higher frequencies, the tag is more than one radio wavelength away from the reader, requiring a different approach. The tag canbackscattera signal. Active tags may contain functionally separated transmitters and receivers, and the tag need not respond on a frequency related to the readers interrogation signal.AnElectronic Product Code(EPC) is one common type of data stored in a tag. When written into the tag by an RFID printer, the tag contains a 96-bit string of data. The first eight bits are a header which identifies the version of the protocol. The next 28 bits identify the organization that manages the data for this tag; the organization number is assigned by the EPC Global consortium. The next 24 bits are an object class, identifying the kind of product; the last 36 bits are a unique serial number for a particular tag. These last two fields are set by the organization that issued the tag. Rather like aURL, the total electronic product code number can be used as a key into a global database to uniquely identify a particular product. Often more than one tag will respond to a tag reader, for example, many individual products with tags may be shipped in a common box or on a common pallet. Collision detection is important to allow reading of data. Two different types of protocols are used tosingulatea particular tag, allowing its data to be read in the midst of many similar tags. In aslotted Alohasystem, the reader broadcasts an initialization command and a parameter that the tags individually use to pseudo-randomly delay their responses. When using an adaptive binary tree protocol, the reader sends an initialization symbol and then transmits one bit of ID data at a time; only tags with matching bits respond, and eventually only one tag matches the complete ID string. Both methods have drawbacks when used with many tags or with multiple overlapping readers.Bulk readingis a strategy for interrogating multiple tags at the same time, but lacks sufficient precision for inventory control.MiniaturizationRFID tags are easy to conceal or incorporate in other items. For example, in 2009 researchers atBristol Universitysuccessfully glued RFID micro-transponders to liveantsin order to study their behavior.This trend towards increasingly miniaturized RFID is likely to continue as technology advances. Hitachi holds the record for the smallest RFID chip, at 0.05mm 0.05mm. This is 1/64th the size of the previous record holder, the mu-chip. Manufacture is enabled by using thesilicon-on-insulator(SOI) process. These dust-sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-bitRead Only Memory(ROM).A major challenge is the attachment of antennas, thus limiting read range to only millimeters.UsesThe RFID tag can be affixed to an object and used to track and manage inventory, assets, people, etc. For example, it can be affixed to cars, computer equipment, books, mobile phones; etc. RFID offers advantages over manual systems or use ofbar codes. The tag can be read if passed near a reader, even if it is covered by the object or not visible. The tag can be read inside a case, carton, box or other container, and unlike bar codes, RFID tags can be read hundreds at a time. Bar codes can only be read one at a time using current devices.In 2011, the cost of passive tags started at US$0.09 each; special tags, meant to be mounted on metal or withstand gamma sterilization, can go up to US$5. Active tags for tracking containers, medical assets, or monitoring environmental conditions in data centers start at US$50 and can go up over US$100 each. Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tags are in the US$310 range and also have sensor capability like temperature and humidity.Citation neededRFID can be used in a variety of applications,such as:Access managementTracking of goodsTracking of persons and animalsToll collection andcontactless paymentMachine readable travel documentsSmartdust(for massively distributedsensornetworks)Tracking sports memorabilia to verify authenticityAirport baggage tracking logisticsTiming sporting eventsIn 2010 three factors drove a significant increase in RFID usage: decreased cost of equipment and tags, increased performance to a reliability of 99.9% and a stable international standard around UHF passive RFID. The adoption of these standards were driven by EPC global, a joint venture betweenGS1andGS1 US, which were responsible for driving global adoption of the Bar code in the 1970s and 1980s. The EPC global Network was developed by theAuto-ID Center CommerceRFID provides a way for organizations to identify and manage tools and equipment (asset tracking) , without manual data entry. RFID is being adopted foritem level taggingin retail stores. This provideselectronic article surveillance(EAS) , and aself checkoutprocess for consumers. Automatic identification with RFID can be used for inventory systems. Manufactured products such as automobiles or garments can be tracked through the factory and through shipping to the customer.Wal-Martand theUnited States Department of Defensehave published requirements that their vendors place RFID tags on all shipments to improvesupply chain management.Access controlRFID tags are widely used inidentification badges, replacing earliermagnetic stripecards. These badges need only be held within a certain distance of the reader to authenticate the holder. Tags can also be placed on vehicles, which can be read at a distance, to allow entrance to controlled areas without having to stop the vehicle and present a card or enter an access code.Promotion trackingTo prevent retailers diverting products, manufacturers are exploring the use of RFID tags on promoted merchandise so that they can track exactly which product has sold through the supply chain at fully discounted prices.Yard management, shipping and freight and distribution centers use RFID tracking. In therailroadindustry, RFID tags mounted on locomotives and rolling stock identify the owner, identification number and type of equipment and its characteristics. This can be used with a database to identify thelading, origin, destination, etc. of the commodities being carried.In commercial aviation, RFID is used to support maintenance on commercial aircraft. RFID tags are used to identify baggage and cargo at several airports and airlines.Some countries are using RFID for vehicle registration and enforcement.RFID can help detect and retrieve stolen cars.Animal identificationRFID tags for animals represent one of the oldest uses of RFID. Originally meant for large ranches and rough terrain, since the outbreak ofmad-cow disease, RFID has become crucial inanimal identificationmanagement. Animplantable RFID tagortranspondercan also be used for animal identification. The transponders are better known as passive RFID, or chips on animals. TheCanadian Cattle Identification Agencybegan using RFID tags as a replacement for bar code tags. Currently CCIA tags are used inWisconsinand by United States farmers on a voluntary basis. TheUSDAis currently developing its own program .RFID tags are required for all cattle, sheep and goats sold in Australia.Problems and concernsData floodingNot every successful reading of a tag is useful for business purposes. A large amount of data may be generated that is not useful for managing inventory or other applications. For example, a customer moving a product from one shelf to another , or a pallet load of articles that passes several readers while being meaningful to an inventory control system.Global standardizationThe frequencies used for UHF RFID in the USA are currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan. Furthermore, no emerging standard has yet become as universal as thebar code.To address international trade concerns, it is necessary to use a tag that is operational within all of the international frequency domains.Security concernsRetailers such asWalmart, which already heavily use RFID for inventory purposes, also use RFID as an anti-employee-theft and anti-shoplifting technology. If a product with an active RFID tag passes the exit-scanners at a Wal-Mart outlet, not only does it set off an alarm, but it also tells security personnel exactly what product to look for in the shoppers cart. A primary RFID security concern is the illicit tracking of RFID tags. Tags, which are world-readable, pose a risk to both personal location privacy and corporate/military security. Such concerns have been raised with respect to theUnited States Department of Defenses recent adoption of RFID tags forsupply chain management.More generally, privacy organizations have expressed concerns in the context of ongoing efforts to embed electronic product code (EPC) RFID tags in consumer products. This is mostly as result of the fact that RFID tags can be read, and legitimate transactions with readers can be eavesdropped, from non-trivial distances. RFID used in access control, payment and EID (e-passport) systems operate at a shorter range than EPC RFID systems but are also vulnerable toskimmingand eavesdropping, albeit at shorter distance.Regulation and standardization A number of organizations have set standards for RFID, including theInternational Organization for Standardization(ISO), theInternational Electrotechnical Commission(IEC),ASTM International, There are also several specific industries that have set guidelines. These industries include the Financial Services Technology Consortium (FSTC) which has set a standard for tracking IT Assets with RFID, the Computer Technology Industry AssociationCompTIAwhich has set a standard for certifying RFID engineers, and the International Airlines Transport AssociationIATAwhich has set tagging guidelines for luggage in airports.In principle, every country can set its own rules forfrequency allocationfor RFID tags, and not all radio bands are available in all countries. These frequencies are known as theISM bands(Industrial Scientific and Medical bands). The return signal of the tag may still causeinterferencefor other radio users.射频识别技术 -摘自维基百科 射频识别(RFID)是一种通过利用电磁场来自动识别和跟踪附加标签物体的无线传输数据技术。标签包含电子存储信息，一些标签可以被附近的阅读器通过电磁感应产生的磁场作用激活。某些类型的标签则通过收集询问无线电波的能量来充当被动应答器。其他类型等标签带有电源电池,能与数百米之外的阅读器进行通信。与条码不同,RFID标签并不一定需要在阅读器的可见范围内,还可以嵌入在跟踪对象内部。RFID是当下实现自动识别和数据采集的一个重要的方法。RFID标签被运用在许多行业,例如,可通过把RFID标签附加到一个汽车生产过程中来跟踪其进展;可以通过RFID标记的药物进行药物仓库跟踪;在家畜和宠物植入RFID芯片可以实现动物自动识别。由于RFID标签可以被附加到衣服、财产,或植入动物和人,未经许可阅读个人隐私信息的可能性引起了严重的隐私问题。这些问题导致标准规范开发解决隐私和安全问题。ISO / IEC 18000和ISO / IEC 29167使用片上加密方法通过标签和阅读器身份验证来达到不可跟踪性从而实现无线隐私。2014年,世界RFID市场价值88.9亿美元,高于2013年的77.7亿美元和2012年的69.6亿美元。这包括标签、阅读器和射频识别卡的软件/服务,标签,作用基地,等所有其他形式的因素。预计市场价值将于2024年增长到273.1亿美元。RFID 的结构标签射频识别系统主要依靠附加在物体上的标签来实现自动识别。RFID标签可以分为被动的,主动或半被动。主动标签携带电池通过自身供电来定期传送其ID编号。半被动标签携带可被RFID阅读器激活的一个小电池。相反,被动标记更小更便宜,因为它没有电池，被动标签使用无线传输的阅读器。标签可以是只读,序列号作为关键数据库,或者是可读可写，特定对象数据可以写入系统用户的标签。现场可编程标记可写一次,可读取多个“空白”标签。射频识别标签至少包含两个部分:存储和处理信息的集成电路,调制和解调射频(RF)信号,从事件的阅读器收集直流电源信号,和其他专业功能;天线接收和发射信号。标签信息存储在非易失性内存。RFID标签分别包括固定或可编程逻辑传输和传感器数据处理。一个RFID阅读器传送一个无线电信号编码查询标记。RFID标签接收到消息,然后回应其识别和其他信息。这可能只是一个独特的标签序列号,或可能与产品相关的信息,如股票数量,很多或批号,生产日期,或其他具体信息。标签以来个人序列号,射频识别系统设计能辨别一些标记之间可能的范围内同时RFID阅读器和阅读。阅读器射频识别系统可以分类标签和阅读器的类型。被动的阅读器主动标签系统:只有一个被动的阅读器,从主动标签接收无线电信号(电池供电的,只传输)。傻瓜系统的接收范围阅读器可以调整从1 - 2000英尺,允许灵活地应用,如资产保护和监督。主动的阅读器被动标签系统:有一个活跃的阅读器,也传送询问信号和接收验证回复从被动标记。主动阅读器主动标签系统:采用主动标签醒来询问信号从活跃的阅读器。主动标签可被主动的阅读器信号唤醒，固定阅读器设置创建一个特定审讯区可以严格的控制。根据标签是否在阅读器阅读范围内还是范围外就可以定义了阅读区域。移动阅读器可手持或安装在车或交通工具上。射频识别频段频段规范阅读范围数据传输速度120150kHz (低频)无约束10cm低13.56MHz (高频)工业科学医用频段10cm - 1 m中低433MHz(超高频)小范围设备1100 m适中865-868MHz (欧洲超高频)902-928MHz (北美超高频) 工业科学医用频段112 m中高2450-5800MHz (微波频段)工业科学医用频段5080 m高3.110GHz (微波频段)极宽频段to 200 m高RFID通讯信号阅读器和标签之间的信号是在几个不同的不相容的方式完成的,这取决于使用的频带标签。标签在低频和高频波段操作,无线电波长,非常接近阅读器天线,因为他们是只有一小部分的波长。在近场区域,标签是紧密耦合电发射机的阅读器。标签可以通过阅读器改变电加载标记调整字段。通过切换之间的低和高相对负载,标签会产生变化,阅读器可以检测。在超高频和更高的频率,标记多个无线电波长远离阅读器,需要不同的方法。标签可以反向散射信号。主动标签可以包含功能分离的发射器和接收器和不需要标签回应的询问信号。电子产品
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号