基于单片机的电机调速控制系统研究【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip
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自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书
基于单片机控制
系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
系统研究【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
基于单片机的
控制系统开题报告
研究毕业论文
电机调速系统
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基于单片机的电机调速控制系统研究【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip,自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书,基于单片机控制,系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,系统研究【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,基于单片机的,控制系统开题报告,研究毕业论文,电机调速系统
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毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书1本毕业设计(论文)课题应达到的目的: 通过毕业设计,使学生受到电气工程师所必备的综合训练,在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力,具体包括以下几方面:1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、安装、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力,包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。7. 撰写设计说明书或论文的能力。 2本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等): 1.本设计将单片机技术引入到电机控制系统的设计之中,要求如下:通过遥控器控制电机快转速和慢转速,以及实现正转与反转,通过按遥控器上的某一按键,遥控器发出相应的红外编码,单片机端接收装置收到该红外编码,转换成相应指令后执行相应操作。 2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序,包括详细的硬件设备配置,系统连接,程序调试等详细步骤; 3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档,包括各类技术资料,电路图纸,程序等; 4.系统要有实际的硬件展示,并能够通电运行;5.能够完成各项任务,参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书3对本毕业设计(论文)课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求: 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书(毕业论文),能详细说明设计步骤和思路;2.能有结构完整,合理可靠的技术方案;3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明;4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.要求电机调速控制系统能在实验室现有的设备基础上调试成功,并在答辩时完成实际系统展示。4主要参考文献: 1 陈伯时. 电力拖动自动控制系统运动控制系统.第3版M 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2007.2 胡廷献. 矿井提升机直流调速系统速度环的动态设计过程J 电气传动, 2002, ( 4): 39- 41.3 吴弋. 综合性模糊PID控制及其在直流调速系统中的应用J 科技情报开发与经济, 2003, 13(7): 110- 111.4夏玮、李朝晖、常春藤等.MATLAB控制系统仿真与实例详解M.北京:人民邮电出版社,20075 张世铭,王兆安.电力拖动直流调速系统.华中理工大学出版社,2000.6 林飞,杜欣. 电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.中国电力出版社, 2009年1月7 洪乃刚电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真.机械工业出版社,2006年5月8 秦寿康.模糊PID控制,19849 周卿吉,刘卫华基于比例导引一类模糊PID控制的实现J海军航空工程学院学报,2000,15(3):32132210 吴光彬,张岳直流电源双余度调压控制保护器的设计J海军航空工程学院学报,1997,12(1):535611 杨怀林.基于MATLAB/Simulink双闭环调速系统设计及仿真J.佳木斯大学学报:自然科学版,2007,25(3):239-241.12 刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真M. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004.13 刘庆华,张为公,李忠国等编.电动汽车直流电机调速的模糊控制仿真研究J.成组技术与生产现代化,2006,23(3):35-37.14 贾东耀,曾志刚等编.基于模糊控制的直流电机调速系统MATLAB仿真. J电机电器技术.2002(5):2-5.15 程彪,孙晓明等编.基于基本型逻辑控制的调速系统仿真研究J.武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版.2003,8, 25(4):30-33.毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书5本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:起 讫 日 期工 作 内 容2015.11.102015.12.13调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导,拟题、选题、填写任务书。2015.12.152015.12.31学生查看任务书,为毕业设计的顺利完成,进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。12月21日两个系提交专业选题分析总结(撰写要求详见对内通知中附件2)2016.01.092016.04.05学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作;拟定论文提纲或设计说明书(下称文档)提纲;撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲; 在2016年4月5日前学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲,作为中期检查的依据。指导教师指导、审阅,定稿由指导教师给出评语,对论文主要工作未通过的学生下发整改通知。2016.04.062016.04.10提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅;各专业组织中期检查(含毕业设计成果验收检查)。2016.04.112016.05.10进行毕业设计文档撰写;2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016年5月9日-13日,指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计(论文)管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅,包括打分和评语。5月1日前,做好答辩安排,通知学生回校进行答辨2016.05.142016.05.15查看答辩安排,毕业设计(论文)小组答辩2016.05.162016.05.29对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入2016.05.302016.06.07根据答辩情况修改毕业设计(论文)的相关材料,并在毕业设计(论文)管理系统中上传最终稿,并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。2016.06.072016.06.30各系提交本届毕业设计(论文)的工作书面总结及相关材料。所在专业审查意见:通过负责人: 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计(论文)课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述: 一 研究背景在工业生产和日常生活中,对电机速度的测量和控制占据着重要的地位,有着重要的意义。随着电力电子技术,计算机技术的不断发展和电力电子器件的更新换代,测速和控速技术也得到很大的发展,朝着稳定和精确方向不断迈进。我国生产的电能60%用于电动机,电动机与人们的生活息息相关,密不可分,所以要对电动机的调速有足够的重视。对直流电机速度的控制研究简单直观,对于更加复杂的速度控制能起到很好的示范作用,具有很强的实用性,越来越多的人也开始对电机速度测控进行研究二国内外研究及发展步进电机最早是在1920年由英国人所开发。1950年后期晶体管的发明也逐渐应用在步进电机上,这对于数字化的控制变得更为容易。以后经过不断改良,使得今日步进电机已广泛运用在需要高定位精度、高分解性能、高响应性、信赖性等灵活控制性高的机械系统中。在生产过程中要求自动化、省人力、效率高的机器中,我们很容易发现步进电机的踪迹,尤其以重视速度、位置控制、需要精确操作各项指令动作的灵活控制性场合步进电机用得最多。步进电机作为执行元件,是机电一体化的关键产品之一, 广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展,步进电机的需求量与日俱增,在各个国民经济领域都有应用。 步进电机是将电脉冲信号变换成角位移或直线位移的执行部件。步进电机可以直接用数字信号驱动,使用非常方便。一般电动机都是连续转动的,而步进电动机则有定位和运转两种基本状态,当有脉冲输入时步进电动机一步一步地转动,每给它一个脉冲信号,它就转过一定的角度。步进电动机的角位移量和输入脉冲的个数严格成正比,在时间上与输入脉冲同步,因此只要控制输入脉冲的数量、频率及电动机绕组通电的相序,便可获得所需的转角、转速及转动方向。在没有脉冲输入时,在绕组电源的激励下气隙磁场能使转子保持原有位置处于定位状态。 因此非常适合于单片机控制。步进电机还具有快速启动、精确步进和定位等特点,因而在数控机床,绘图仪,打印机以及光学仪器中得到广泛的应用。步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机。传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置,在人类的生产和生活进入电气化过程中起着关键的作用。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机,利用其没有积累误差(精度为100%)的特点,广泛应用于各种开环控制。 现在比较常用的步进电机包括反应式步进电机(VR)、永磁式步进电机(PM)、混合式步进电机(HB)和单相式步进电机等。永磁式步进电机一般为两相,转矩和体积较小,步进角一般为7.5度 或15度;反应式步进电机一般为三相,可实现大转矩输出,步进角一般为1.5度, 但噪声和振动都很大。反应式步进电机的转子磁路由软磁材料制成,定子上有多相励磁绕组,利用磁导的变化产生转矩。混合式步进电机是指混合了永磁式和反应式的优点。它又分为两相和五相:两相步进角一般为1.8度而五相步进角一般为 0.72度。这种步进电机的应用最为广泛,也是本次细分驱动方案所选用的步进电机。三 研究内容 本研究以步进电机为研究对象,拟设计一款以单片机作为控制核心,具有启/停、调速、换向等功能,并通过液晶显示器对控制器的运行状态进行实时显示的步进电动机伺服控制器,主要研究内容有:1)根据所选两相混合式步进电机的工作原理及性能指标,选择其伺服控制器的设计方案,采用模块化设计方法完成各功能模块的硬件电路设计。2),选用C语言完成对伺服系统各功能模块相应的程序的编写,具体有控制单元主程序、驱动信号的输出、键盘显示模块的输入输出及外部中断等。3),对各功能模块及整个系统进行仿真研究,根据仿真结果对硬件电路和软件程序反复调试,直至系统满足设计要求为止。 四 参考文献1 张洪润,蓝清华. 单片机应用技术教程M . 北京:清华大学出版社,1997.2 秦曾煌. 电工学M . 北京:高等教育出版社,1999.3 常斗南,等. 可编程序控制器原理、应用、实验M . 北京:机械工业出版社,1998.4 于海生,等. 微型计算机控制技术M . 北京:清华大学出版社,1999.5 王福瑞,等. 单片机微机测控系统设计大全M . 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.6 陈理壁. 步进电机及其应用M . 上海: 上海科学技术出版社,1989.7 刘保延,等. 步进电机及其驱动控制系统M . 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1997.8 季维发,过润秋,严武升等. 机电一体化技术M .北京:电子工业出版社,1995.9 郭敬枢,庄继东,孔峰. 微机控制技术M . 重庆:重庆大学出版社,1994.10 刘国荣. 单片微型计算机技术M . 北京:机械工业出版社,1996.11 王福瑞. 单片微机测控系统设计大全M . 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.12 何立民. 单片机应用技术选编M . 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.13 潘新民等: 单片微型计算机实用系统设计M 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 1992.14 王润孝,秦现生编著 机床数控原理与系统M 西北工业大学出版社,1997.15 李伯成,侯伯李等编1IBM - PC 微机应用系统设计M西安电子科技大学,1996.16 黄义源主编1 机械设备电气与数字控制M 中共广播电视大学出版社,1992。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段(途径): 控制方式的确定:步进电机控制虽然比较精确的,步进电机开环控制系统具有成本低、简单、控制方便等优点。系统可用两种办法实现步进电机的速度控制。一种是延时,一种是定时。驱动方式的确定:并于步进电机的驱动一般有两种方法,一种是通过CPU直接来驱动,另一种是通过CPU间接来驱动。在这里我们选择后一种。驱动电路的选择:步进电机的驱动电机有多种,但最为常用的就是单电压驱动、双电压驱动、斩波驱动、细分控制驱动等。本课题对步进电机的精度要求比较高转速的调节范围比较广,固应选用驱动芯片8713来驱动,并通过软件来实现步进电机的调速。基本方案的确定:选用三相三拍步进电机,单片机选用89C51作为控制器。选取用8279来驱动显示和键盘。选用8713作为步进电机的驱动芯片并通过光电耦合来驱动步进电机。然后由于步进电机同轴的光电编码器作为反馈元件,并把反馈回的信号经CPU处理后再由显示器显示出来。但由键盘输入的速度数值了得通过显示器来显示,固本次设计要两排显示,一排来显示给定的转速一排来显示实际的转速。硬件电路的设计:CPU采用89C51作为步进电机的控制芯片;步进电机的应选用三相三拍的步进电机;显示电路的用8279芯片来驱动,8279芯片分别接两排显示器,每排为4位显示,分别用来显示步进电机的实际转速与给定转速;键盘的连接一般有两种方式,一种是独立式键盘;一种是行列式键盘,本次设计一共用9个键因此采用行列式键盘;显示电路选用两排LED显示,每排分别为四位,能满足设计的要求,转速范围为0至1000;反馈电路应选用光电编码器作为反馈元件,光电编码器与步进电机是同轴的输出经过放大送到计算机,并通过显示器显示出步进电机的实际转速;电源电路用了+5V、+12V电源,采用的是78系列的集成固定三端稳压管;由于系统中不可避免会从外界引入干扰,影响系统的控制精度,使系统的稳定性变差,故采用了硬件和软件抗干扰措施;看门狗电路能够使“跑飞”或进入“死循环”的程序自动恢复,重新正常工作,这里采用MAX813L。算法的设计:PID 控制与模糊控制是两种常用的控制方法,但它们还存在一些不足,如一般PID 控制容易产生超调、模糊控制的稳态精度不高,在这两种控制方法基础上进行改进,可产生多种更好的控制方法。本课题采用的复合PID 控制算法和带动态补偿的模糊控制算法克服了以上缺陷。软件的设计:包括显示子程序、键盘子程序、驱动程序、正反转程序、转速快慢程序、以及定时中断程序。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见:1对“文献综述”的评语:能较好的查阅相关文献,具备一定的文献查阅能力和文献综述能力,可以从文献中获得相关信息,论文研究方向明确,能利用文献内容形成自己的观点,内容比较充实。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计(论文)结果的预测:本文研究目的比较明确,思路比较清晰,具有一定深度和广度,工作量适中,对论文设计比较合理,研究方法选用比较得当,毕业论文进度安排合理,要求学生给出软、硬件设计过程,实现实现电机的调速控制。3.是否同意开题: 同意 不同意 指导教师: 2016 年 02 月 19 日所在专业审查意见:同意 负责人: 2016 年 03 月 30 日Structure and function of the MCS-51 series Structure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers . An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. ( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8s accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded. There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice. 8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register ), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing The circuit of 8051 one-chip computers and four I/O ports is very ingenious in design. Familiar with I/O port logical circuit, not only help to use ports correctly and rationally, and will inspire to designing the peripheral logical circuit of one-chip computer to some extent. Load ability and interface of port have certain requirement, because output grade, P0 of mouth and P1 end output, P3 of mouth grade different at structure, so, the load ability and interface of its door demand to have nothing in common with each other. P0 mouth is different from other mouths, its output grade draws the resistance supremly. When using it as the mouth in common use to use, output grade is it leak circuit to turn on, is it is it urge NMOS draw the resistance on taking to be outer with it while inputting to go out to fail. When being used as introduction, should write 1 to a latch first. Every one with P0 mouth can drive 8 Model LS TTL load to export. P1 mouth is an accurate two-way mouth too, used as I/O in common use. Different from P0 mouth output of circuit its, draw load resistance link with power on inside have. In fact, the resistance is that two effects are in charge of FET and together: One FET is in charge of load, its resistance is regular. Another one can is it lead to work with close at two state, make its President resistance value change approximate 0 or group value heavy two situation very. When it is 0 that the resistance is approximate , can draw the pin to the high level fast When resistance value is very large, P1 mouth, in order to hinder the introduction state high. Output as P1 mouth high electricity at ordinary times, can is it draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw the resistance on neednt answer and thenning. Here when the port is used as introduction, must write into 1 to the corresponding latch first too, make FET end. Relatively about 20,000 ohms because of the load resistance in scene and because 40,000 ohms, will not exert an influence on the data that are input. The structure of P2 some mouth is similar to P0 mouth, there are MUX switches. Is it similar to mouth partly to urge, but mouth large a conversion controls some than P1. P3 mouth one multi-functional port, mouth getting many than P1 it have and 3 door and 4 buffer. Two part these, make her besides accurate two-way function with P1 mouth just, can also use the second function of every pin, and door 3 function one switch in fact, it determines to be to output data of latch to output second signal of function. Act as W =At 1 oclock, output Q end signal; Act as Q =At 1 oclock, can output W line signal . At the time of programming, it is that the first function is still the second function but neednt have software that set up P3 mouth in advance . It hardware not inside is the automatic to have two function outputted when CPU carries on SFR and seeks the location (the location or the byte ) to visit to P3 mouth /at not lasting lining, there are inside hardware latch Qs =1.The operation principle of P3 mouth is similar to P1 mouth. Output grade , P3 of mouth , P1 of P1 , connect with inside have load resistance of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way . Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first . As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally,as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there arent mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles ) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal: Restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitts trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running,should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop ones head and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.MCS -51系列单片机的功能和结构MCS-51系列单片机具有一个单芯片电脑的结构和功能,它是英特尔公司生产的系列产品。这家公司在1976年推出后,引进8位单芯片的MCS-48系列计算机,后于1980年推出的8位的MCS-51系列单芯片计算机。诸如此类的单芯片电脑有很多种,如8051,8031,8751,80C51BH,80C31BH等,其基本组成,基本性能和指令系统都是相同的。8051是51系列单芯片电脑的代表。一个单芯片的计算机系统由以下几个部分组成:(1)一个8位的微处理器(CPU)。(2)片内数据存储器RAM(128B/256B),它只读/写数据,如结果不在操作过程中,最终结果要显示数据。(3)程序存储器ROM/EPROM(4KB/8KB),是用来保存程序,一些初步的数据和切片的形式。但一些单芯片电脑没有考虑ROM/EPROM,如8031,8032,80C51等等。(4)4个8路运行的I/O接口,P0,P1,P2,P3,每口可以用作入口,也可以用作出口。(5)两个定时/计数器,每个定时/计数器可设置和计数的方式,用来计数外部事件,可以设置成定时方式,也可以根据计算结果或定时实现控制计算机。(6)5个中断(7)一个全双工串行的I/UART(通用异步接收器I口/发送器(UART),它是实现单芯片电脑或单芯片计算机和计算机的串行通信使用。(8)振荡器和时钟产生电路,需要考虑石英晶体微调能力。允许振荡频率为12MHz,每一个上述的部分都是通过内部数据总线连接。其中CPU是一个芯片计算机的核心,它是计算机的指挥中心,是由算术单元和控制器等部分组成。算术单元可以进行8位算术运算和逻辑运算,ALU单元是其中一种运算器,1 8个存储设备,暂存设备的积累设备进行协调,程序状态寄存器PSW积累了2个输入端的计数等检查,暂时作为一个操作往往由人来操作,谁储存1输入的是它使操作去上暂时计数,另有一个操作的结果,回环协调。此外,协调往往是作为对8051内的数据传输转运站考虑。作为一般的微处理器,它是最繁忙的,帮助记住和同意与其的顺序表示。该控制器包括程序计数器,解密的顺序。振荡器和定时电路等的程序计数器是一个由8个计数器为2,总计16位。这是一个字节的地址,其实程序计数器,是在个人电脑内进行。从而改变它的内容可以改变方向的程序进行。在8051的单芯片电脑中的电路,只需要外部石英晶体和频率微调电容,其频率范围为1.2MHz的其12MHz的。这种脉冲信号,作为8051的工作,即单位时间的最低基本节奏。8051是其他电脑一样,在拍控制的基本工作在和谐,就像一个管弦乐队,根据击败发挥是指挥。有光盘(程序存储器,只能读取),并在8051片(数据存储器RAM,可以是可写可读,他们各自独立的内存地址空间,处理办法是,与一般的电脑记忆体相同。8051和8751的程序存储器的存储容量4KB的程序切片,地址开始从0000H开始执行,维护的程序和形式不断使用。数据8051-8751的内存数据存储器128B条8031,地址虚假00FH,中层结果存入操作使用,数据存储和数据是暂时缓冲等。在这128B条内存,有32字节,可以作为工作寄存器使用,这和一般的微处理器是不同的,8051片RAM和登记形成的同一级到安排的位置。这不是很相同的,MCS-51系列内存的单芯片计算机和通用计算机作主除了道路。通用计算机的第一个地址空间,ROM和RAM,可安排
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